Gibbs in 1901.

Vector calculus was developed from quaternion analysis by J. Willard Gibbs and Oliver Heaviside near the end of the 19th century, and most of the notation and terminology was established by Gibbs and Edwin Bidwell Wilson in their 1901 book, Vector Analysis.

Gibbs coined the term " statistical mechanics " and introduced key concepts in the corresponding mathematical description of physical systems, including the notions of chemical potential ( 1876 ), statistical ensemble ( 1878 ), and phase space ( 1901 ).

In mathematics and physics, a phase space, introduced by Willard Gibbs in 1901, is a space in which all possible states of a system are represented, with each possible state of the system corresponding to one unique point in the phase space.

In 1901, Josiah Willard Gibbs and Edwin Bidwell Wilson wrote: " This symbolic operator was introduced by Sir W. R. Hamilton and is now in universal employment.

In his definitive 1901 book " Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics ", Gibbs viewed an ensemble as a list of the allowed states of the system ( each state appearing once and only once in the list ) and the associated statistical weights.

He passed his first bar exam (" Staatsexamen ") in Berlin in 1901, and the following year he received his doctorate with a dissertation on " The Theory of adequate causation.

The official emblem of the society was the Okapi, which was chosen because, although it was well known to the inhabitants of its region, it was unknown to the European scientific community until the English explorer Harry Johnston sent to London an Okapi skin which received international attention in 1901.

Recently restored by the National Trust, it looks as it did in January 1901, when Marconi received the distance record signals of from his transmitter station at Niton, Isle of Wight.

He soon made the announcement that on 12 December 1901, using a kite-supported antenna for reception, the message was received at Signal Hill in St John's, Newfoundland ( now part of Canada ), signals transmitted by the company's new high-power station at Poldhu, Cornwall.

He was inducted as a foreign member of the Royal Society of London in 1897 and received the Society's Copley Medal in 1901.

By January 1901 Pupin had been paid $ 200, 000 and by 1917, when the AT & T monopoly ended and payments ceased, he had received a total of $ 455, 000.

Booth received his first patents on February 18 and August 30, 1901.

Emil Adolf von Behring ( 15 March 1854 – 31 March 1917 ) was a German physiologist who received the 1901 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the first one so awarded.

To add insult to injury, only von Behring received the first Nobel Prize in Medicine, in 1901, for his contributions.

The Gambia received its own executive and legislative councils in 1901 and gradually progressed toward self-government.

Beginning in 1901, Nielsen received a modest state pension — 800 kroner at first, growing to 7, 500 kroner by 1927 — to augment his violinist's salary.

The town finally received a volunteer fire department in 1901, with equipment funded by the citizens.

Also in 1901, Ritzville received the title of the greatest wheat shipping point in the world.

A bank opened in 1901 and received a national charter in 1915.

He inaugurated the Paris Exhibition of 1900, received the Tsar Nicholas II of Russia in September 1901 and paid a visit to Russia in 1902.

He completed his studies in January 1901, submitting a thesis on the bottled beer industry in Berlin, which received a relatively high grade.

The Cavalry Division was broken up into several smaller columns, and Allenby received the command of one of these in January 1901.

Landau studied mathematics at the University of Berlin and received his doctorate in 1899 and his habilitation ( the post-doctoral qualification required in German universities ) in 1901.

Theater critic and historian Burns Mantle cited a letter he received from Woolf saying “ Mamzelle Champagne was my Columbia Varsity Show, and was transported by a manager, Henry Pincus, to the open Madison Square Roof with a professional cast .” However, The Varsity Show ’ s own website disputes this “ legend ”, saying Mam ’ zelle was Woolf ’ s first professional show and not the one he had written as a student in the class of 1901.

In 1901, Keeler received offers from six of the eight new American League clubs, including an offer from Chicago for two years at $ 4, 300 a season.

The organisation, which has since become simply “ the British Academy ”, was initiated as an unincorporated society on 17 December 1901, and received its Royal Charter from King Edward VII on 8 August 1902.

Transatlantic radio communication was first accomplished on December 12, 1901 by Guglielmo Marconi who, using a temporary receiving station at Signal Hill, Newfoundland, received a Morse code signal representing the letter " S " sent from Poldhu, in Cornwall, United Kingdom.

The station received its present name on 13 November 1901.

From 1901 to 1905 Hess was an undergraduate student at the University of Graz, and continued postgraduate studies in physics until he received his PhD there in 1910.

In 1901, Egyptologist Gustave Jéquier, a member of an expedition headed by Jacques de Morgan, found the stele containing the Code of Hammurabi in what is now Khūzestān, Iran ( ancient Susa, Elam ), where it had been taken as plunder by the Elamite king Shutruk-Nahhunte in the 12th century BC.

During his reign ( 1880 – 1901 ), the British and Russians officially established the boundaries of what would become modern Afghanistan.

Lucas continued drilling and on January 10, 1901, at a depth of 1, 139 ft ( 347 m ), what is known as the Lucas Gusher or the Lucas Geyser blew oil over in the air at a rate of ( 4, 200, 000 gallons ).

King Pausole, a character in Pierre Louÿs ' Les aventures du roi Pausole ( The Adventures of King Pausole, published in 1901 ), had a similar motto of Do what you like as long as you harm no one.

In his first term, President Theodore Roosevelt, following President McKinley's assassination of 1901, began trust-busting and anti-corporate-influence activities, but fearing defeat, turned to bankers and industrialists for support in what turned out to be his 1904 landslide campaign.

The first edition of the Jewish Encyclopedia, published in 12 volumes between 1901 and 1906, described what was then known about the disease:

* 1901 – Alois Alzheimer identifies the first case of what becomes known as Alzheimer's disease

The first oil in Louisiana was drilled in 1901 in what became Jeff Davis Parish by W. Scott Heywood, who in 1932 was elected to the Louisiana State Senate.

The first jail was built in the North Park and replaced at least once ; the structure can not have been very substantial because in 1901 the town fathers were forced to appoint a committee to inquire into what had happened to the jail.

Rifton was incorporated as a village on May 20, 1901, encompassing what had been the hamlets of Rifton Glen, Swartekill, and Dashville and the communities of Saltpeterville, and Perrine's Bridge.

Once dubbed " The Magic City ," Farrell sprung up practically overnight when a steel mill was constructed in 1901 on a plain bordering the Shenango River in what was then part of Hickory Township ( now Hermitage ).

At the time that it was incorporated, the township was about and included what are now known as the boroughs of Tatamy ( which became incorporated in 1893 ), West Easton ( incorporated in 1898 ), Stockertown ( incorporated in 1901 ) and Wilson ( incorporated in 1920 ).

Legal action between residents of Springville and what became Mapleton, largely over water rights, allowed Mapleton to chart its own course beginning in 1901.

At La Scala, which had what was then the most modern stage lighting system installed in 1901 and an orchestral pit installed in 1907, Toscanini pushed through reforms in the performance of opera.

The school was originally the Beckenham Technical Institute, opening in 1901 and situated in what is now the Studio, Beckenham.

An edition published in Philadelphia in 1901 by David McKay ( later a publisher of comic books ) contains what is listed as a preface to the second edition of the work stating, " Concerning any genuineness of any portion of the work, the Editor has not offered an opinion, nor is it necessary that he should.

In H. G. Wells ' 1901 The First Men in the Moon ( also relating to the first voyagers to the Moon ) the protagonist, Mr. Bedford, mentions Verne's novel to his companion, Professor Cavor, who replies ( in a possible dig at Verne ) that he does not know what Bedford is referring to.

The second Philippine Commission went to what was then Nueva's provincial capital, San Isidro, on June 8 1901 to begin proceedings for establishing the local and provincial governments.

Junior married Abby Greene Aldrich on October 9, 1901, in what was seen at the time as the consummate marriage of capitalism and politics.

A temporary link connected it to the Washington Street Elevated, which in 1901 ran from this point via Washington Street to Dudley Square ( which is most of what is now Phase 1 of the Silver Line ).

In 1901, the migrant peasants from what is now Poltava Oblast, Ukraine settled here.

Although not mountaineers, during their honeymoon in Montana the couple were the first, on July 19, 1901, to reach the summit of the unclimbed southwest peak ( 2657 m or 8716 ft ) of Goat Mountain, between Lake McDonald and Logan Pass in what is now Glacier National Park.

Cool stores for handling dairy produce followed in 1901 with later additions evolving into what became known as the Patea Freezing Co-Op, South Taranaki's primary employer.

In 1901 industrialist Alfred Bolton acquired a site on what is now College Road and in 1906 mining classes began there.