As early as 1913 Ghoreyeb and Karsner demonstrated with perfusion studies in dogs that bronchial artery flow would remain constant at a certain low level when pressure was maintained in the pulmonary artery and vein, but that increases in bronchial artery flow would occur in response to a relative drop in pulmonary artery pressure.

It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, largely in response to a series of financial panics, particularly a severe panic in 1907.

The Aldrich – Vreeland Act was passed in response to the Panic of 1907 and established the National Monetary Commission, which recommended the Federal Reserve Act of 1913.

The central banking system of the United States, called the Federal Reserve system, was created in 1913 by the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, largely in response to a series of financial panics, particularly a severe panic in 1907.

In response to this, the Federal Reserve System was created by the Federal Reserve Act of December 23, 1913, establishing a new central bank intended to serve as a formal " lender of last resort " to banks in times of liquidity crisis — panics where depositors tried to withdraw their money faster than a bank could pay it out.

The potential success of the third Home Rule Bill in 1912 introduced serious tensions: opponents of the Bill organised the Ulster Volunteer Force in January 1913 while supporters formed the Irish Volunteers in response.

Law's official response took the form of an open letter published on 13 January 1913, in which Law offered a compromise that food duties would not be placed before Parliament to vote on until after a second, approving election took place.

Mine operators hired gun thugs during the 1912 – 1913 strike, prompting the intervention of the Ontario Provincial Police, which had itself been formed in 1909 partly in response to lawlessness connected with the gold rush.

In response to the first of these, Sifton in 1913 introduced the Direct Democracy Act.

During the 1913 Paterson silk strike, IWW leader “ Big ” Bill Haywood asserted that someday all of the world's flags would be red, “ the color of the working man's blood .” In response, the city's leaders ( who opposed the strike ) declared March 17 to be “ Flag Day ,” and saw to it that each of the city's textile mills flew an American flag.

Markievicz also joined James Connolly's socialist Irish Citizen Army ( ICA ), a small volunteer force formed in response to the lockout of 1913, to defend the demonstrating workers from the police.

Bragg diffraction ( also referred to as the Bragg formulation of X-ray diffraction ) was first proposed by William Lawrence Bragg and William Henry Bragg in 1913 in response to their discovery that crystalline solids produced surprising patterns of reflected X-rays ( in contrast to that of, say, a liquid ).

In response, Nationalists formed their own paramilitary group, the Irish Volunteers, at a meeting held in Dublin on 25 November 1913 ; the purpose of this new organisation was to safeguard the granting and implementation of Home Rule.

The 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia takes a rather dim view of David's philosophy, and considers the harsh response understandable.

The school was founded in 1913 by Ela Hockaday in response to parental demand for a preparatory day school for girls.

However, union anger at the government for its " heavy handed " response to the 1913 strikes was still strong, and the outbreak of World War I had also strengthened the labour vote.

* 1913 – Helped form the ultra-conservative Guild of Boston Artists in response to the avant-garde movement.

It was established on April 11, 1917 by the New York Legislature, in response to the 1913 murder of a construction foreman named Sam Howell in Westchester County, which at that time did not have a local police department.

The bridge was built in 1914 in response to the 1913 State Trunk Line Act passed by the Michigan Legislature.

The quality of his public work deteriorated and as one historian has noted the severe personal strain must have been a contributory factor in "... the uncharacteristic combination of excessive zeal and indecision which marked response to the Dublin industrial agitation of 1913 ".

Scholars generally agree that the manuscripts of both books published in 1911 and 1913 were forgeries written by non-Yazidis in response to Western travelers ’ and scholars ’ interest in the Yazidi religion but do reflect authentic Yezidi traditions.

Nevertheless, scholars generally agree that the manuscripts of both books published in 1911 and 1913 were forgeries written by non-Yazidis in response to Western travelers ’ and scholars ’ interest in the Yazidi religion ; they do reflect authentic Yezidi traditions, however.

In July 1913, Murphy presided over a meeting of 300 employers, at which a collective response to the rise of trade unionism was agreed upon.

After the events in Larne, the nationalist Irish Volunteers, which had been formed in late 1913 in response to the formation of the UVF, saw its membership soar.

His reputation was not enhanced when he represented as counsel his associate William Martin Murphy, the industrialist who sparked the 1913 Dublin Lockout.

O ' Connell Street has often been centre-stage in Irish history, attracting the city's most prominent monuments and public art through the centuries, and formed the backdrop to one of the 1913 Dublin Lockout gatherings, the 1916 Easter Rising, the Irish Civil War of 1922, the destruction of the Nelson Pillar in 1966, and many public celebrations, protests and demonstrations through the years-a role it continues to play to this day.

During the 1913 Lockout of workers, in which Murphy was the leading figure among the employers, the Irish Independent vigorously sided with its owner's interests, publishing news reports and opinion pieces hostile to the strikers, expressing confidence in the unions ' defeat and launching personal attacks on the leader of the strikers, James Larkin.

The IRB members argued that the aim of dual monarchism should be replaced by republicanism, and that Griffith was excessively inclined to compromise with conservative elements ( notably in his pro-employer position during the 1913 – 1914 Dublin Lockout, when he saw the syndicalism of James Larkin as aimed at crippling Irish industry for Great Britain's benefit ).

However, after the defeat of the trade unions in the Dublin Lockout of 1913 the labour movement was weakened, and the emigration of James Larkin in 1914 and the execution of James Connolly following the Easter Rising in 1916 further damaged it.

The Irish Citizen Army ( ICA ) formed during the 1913 Lockout, was informally the military wing of the Labour Movement.

In 1913, during the general strike known as the Dublin Lockout, Connolly and James Larkin formed a workers militia, the Irish Citisen Army, to defend strikers from the police.

Workers during the Dublin Lockout of 1913 adapted the lyrics to " God Save Jim Larkin ", after the union leader.

In 1913, Dublin experienced one of the largest and most bitter labour disputes ever seen in Britain or Ireland-known as the Lockout.

In 1913 he refused to lock out his workforce during the Dublin Lockout.

Perhaps best known for his role in the 1913 Dublin Lockout, " Big Jim " continues to occupy a significant place in Dublin's collective memory.

* Lockout: Dublin 1913, Pádraig Yeates, Gill and Macmillan, Dublin, 2000.

He gained notoriety in Irish history in his opposition to Jim Larkin and James Connolly and their trade union, the Irish Transport and General Workers Union, during the Dublin Strike and Lockout in 1913.

* 25 June-William Martin Murphy, Nationalist ( Irish Parliamentary Party ) MP, newspaper proprietor, leader of employer's syndicate in the Dublin Lockout of 1913 ( born 1844 ).

In Dublin there was an even more vicious dispute – the Dublin Lockout of 1913 – in which over 20, 000 workers were fired for belonging to Larkin's Union.

" Dublin Lockout 1913 ".

The ITGWU was at the centre of the Dublin Lockout in 1913 and the events left a lasting impression on the ITGWU and hence on the Irish Labour Movement.