After the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, Chiang resigned as Chairman of the National Government.

After the Japanese occupied Manchuria in 1931, they proclaimed it to be the Empire of Manchukuo, and Puyi became emperor of Manchukuo.

Moreover, the pact erased the legal distinction between war and peace since the signatories, having renounced the use of war began to wage wars without declaring them as evidenced by the U. S. intervention in Central America, the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, the Italian invasion of Abyssinia in 1935, the Soviet invasion of Finland in 1939, and the German and Soviet Union invasions of Poland.

In September 1931, a section of the railway was lightly damaged by the Japanese Kwantung Army as a pretext for an invasion of Manchuria.

* 1931 – The Mukden Incident gives Japan the pretext to invade and occupy Manchuria.

In 1931, an increasingly militaristic Japanese Empire, which had long sought influence in China as the first step of what its government saw as the country's right to rule Asia, used the Mukden Incident as a pretext to launch an invasion of Manchuria and establish the puppet state of Manchukuo.

Named after Henry L. Stimson, United States Secretary of State in the Hoover Administration ( 1929 – 1933 ), the policy followed Japan's unilateral seizure of Manchuria in northeastern China following action by Japanese soldiers at Mukden ( now Shenyang ), on September 18, 1931.

The Japanese invasion of Manchuria in late 1931 placed U. S. Secretary of State Henry M. Stimson in a difficult position.

Following the Mukden Incident in 1931 and the subsequent Japanese invasion of Manchuria, the Japanese declared Inner Manchuria an " independent state ", and appointed the deposed Qing emperor Puyi as puppet emperor of Manchukuo.

* Jones, Francis Clifford, Manchuria Since 1931, London, Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1949

He returned to Britain just in time, for on 18 October 1931, the Japanese invaded Manchuria.

After the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, Japanese militarists moved forward to separate the region from Chinese control and to create a Japanese-aligned puppet state.

Following the Mukden Incident in 1931, Japan began its invasion of Manchuria, China.

* The Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931

Following the Mukden Incident of 1931, when the Japanese invaded with defections of Chinese generals and the flight of the local governments quickly took full control of Manchuria.

Already controlling an area directly surrounding the South Manchuria Railroad, Japan's Kwantung Army further invaded Manchuria ( Northeast China ) in 1931, following the Mukden Incident, in which they claimed to have had territory attacked by the Chinese ( a few meters of the South Manchuria Railway was destroyed in a bombing sabotage ).

In 1931, he rallied support within the government for the Imperial Japanese Army after the army seized control of Manchuria without prior authorization, and later helped in the creation of Manchukuo.

In September 1931, the Kwangtung Army invaded and occupied Manchuria in the Manchurian Incident without prior authorization from the central government.

* China: Japanese forces conquered Manchuria between September 1931 and February 1932, when they proclaimed the region to be the state of Manchukuo.

The heavy cruisers of the Scouting Force were transferred from the Atlantic to San Pedro in response to the 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria.

The pact was severely challenged by the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, and in 1932, with his publication of Moral Man and Immoral Society, Niebuhr broke ranks with The Christian Century and supported interventionism and power politics, culminating in his support of the reelection of President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940 and the publication of his own magazine, Christianity and Crisis.

The first attempts to isolate TSH came a decade later, when Janssen and Loeser ( 1931 ) used trichloroacetic acid to separate the soluble TSH from insoluble impurities.

According to Volume I of her diaries, 1931 – 1934, published in 1966 ( Stuhlmann ), Nin first came across erotica when she returned to Paris with her mother and two brothers in her late teens.

Whorf had met Sapir, the leading US linguist of the day, at professional conferences, and in 1931 Sapir came to Yale from the University of Chicago to take a position as Professor of Anthropology.

In 1931 Lemaître went further and suggested that the evident expansion of the universe, if projected back in time, meant that the further in the past the smaller the universe was, until at some finite time in the past all the mass of the Universe was concentrated into a single point, a " primeval atom " where and when the fabric of time and space came into existence.

In 1931 the Ventrises came home.

His mother, Sophie (" Phia ") Entz ( 1851 – 1931 ), came from a well-to-do Prague family, the Entz-Kinzelbergers, who lived in a house on the Herrengasse ( Panská ) 8, where René also spent many of his early years.

Berlin won the bid to host the Games over Barcelona, Spain, on 26 April 1931, at the 29th IOC Session in Barcelona ( two years before the Nazis came to power ).

Charles " Buddy " Bolden ( September 6, 1877 – November 4, 1931 ) was an African-American cornetist and is regarded by contemporaries as a key figure in the development of a New Orleans style of rag-time music which later came to be known as jazz.

Carrying the nicknames American Clipper, Southern Clipper, and Caribbean Clipper, they were the first of the series of 28 Clippers that came to symbolize Pan Am between 1931 and 1946.

Gerald Gardner's use of ' athame ' probably came from modern French versions of the Key of Solomon, probably via Grillot de Givry's Witchcraft, Magic and Alchemy ( 1931 ), who misinterpreted the term as applying to the main ritual knife, as shown by his index entries " arthane " or " arthame ".

Tea magnate Sir Thomas Lipton came to Southgate from Muswell Hill in 1892, and lived in a house called Osidge until his death in 1931.

MGM signed Boyer to a contract, and he loved life in the United States, but nothing much came of his first American stay from 1929 to 1931.

In 1931 when Bow came under tabloid scrutiny, Parsons defended her and stuck to her first opinion on Bow:

* The Andrews Sisters, Patty, Maxene and LaVerne grew up in Mound as children from 1918 through 1931 and always came back to visit at least one week each July.

In the spring of 1931, the nation's attention was riveted on Aiken when Nicholas Longworth, Republican Speaker of the House, came down unexpectedly with pneumonia and died there on April 9, 1931.

Jeffrey City began in 1931 as " Home On the Range, Wyoming ," the homestead of a Nebraska couple named the Petersons, who relocated because Mr. Peterson was sick after having been gassed in World War I. Mrs. Peterson opened two gas pumps when the highway came through, and began cooking for those who stopped.

In 1930 Hay enrolled in Stanford University, and in 1931 he came out as " temperamental " ( then a code word for " homosexual ") to friends and classmates.

His public début came in 1931 with his orchestral suite Les offrandes oubliées.

Recognition of these efforts came with the award of the Nobel Peace Prize to Addams in 1931.

When Lugosi reprised his role as Dracula for the 1931 Universal Studios motion picture version of the play, he retained the cloak as part of his outfit, which made such a strong impression that cloaks came to be equated with " Count " Vladislav Dracula in nearly all non-historical media depictions of him.

During the Warlord Era in the early twentieth century, Liaoning was under the Fengtian Clique, including Zhang Zuolin and his son Zhang Xueliang ; in 1931, Japan invaded and the area came under the rule of the Japanese-controlled puppet state of Manchukuo.

His book Hitler ( 1931 ), which presented Adolf Hitler as a " man of peace " whose party-members were threatened by communist street violence, confirmed his unpopularity among liberals and anti-fascists, especially after Hitler came to power in 1933.

Junkers conceived futuristic flying wings for up to 1, 000 passengers ; the nearest this came to realization was in the 1931 Junkers G-38 34-seater Grossflugzeug airliner which featured a large thick-chord wing providing space for fuel, engines and two passenger cabins.