* 1939 – Nazi Germany mounts a staged attack on the Gleiwitz radio station, creating an excuse to attack Poland the following day thus starting World War II in Europe.

His reputation grew in the USA following the critical reception of his design for the Finnish Pavilion at the 1939 New York World's Fair, described by Frank Lloyd Wright as a " work of genius ".

Spencer Jones ' work of 1939 showed that the positions of the Sun actually observed, when compared with those obtained from Newcomb's formula, show the need for the following correction to the formula to represent the observations:

Hoxha was dismissed from his teaching post following the 1939 Italian invasion for refusing to join the Albanian Fascist Party.

He filmed the cave scene for The Adventures of Tom Sawyer ( 1938 ) and, following the firing of its original director Richard Thorpe, Cukor spent a week on the set of The Wizard of Oz ( 1939 ).

In the following decades, fear of communism and the Great Depression of 1929 – 1933 led to the rise of extreme nationalist governmentssometimes loosely grouped under the category of fascismin Italy ( 1922 ), Germany ( 1933 ), Spain ( after a civil war ending in 1939 ) and other countries such as Hungary ( 1944 ), Romania ( 1940 ) and Slovakia ( 1939 ).

After allying with Mussolini's Italy in the " Pact of Steel " and signing a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, the German dictator Adolf Hitler started the Second World War on 1 September 1939 attacking Poland and following a military build-up throughout the late 1930s.

In September 1939, following the outbreak of World War II, Himmler formed the SS-Reichssicherheitshauptamt ( RSHA: Reich Main Security Office ) to bring the SiPo ( which included the Gestapo and Kripo ) and the SD together under one umbrella.

In June 1939, Franco-German relations were strained when the head of the French section of the Dienststelle Ribbentrop, Otto Abetz, was expelled from France following allegations that he had bribed two French newspaper editors to print pro-German articles.

On 27 August 1939, Chamberlain sent the following letter to Hitler, which was intended to counteract reports Chamberlain had heard from intelligence sources in Berlin that Ribbentrop had convinced Hitler that the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact would ensure that Britain would abandon Poland.

Unlike the other factions, Ribbentrop's foreign policy programme was the only one that Hitler allowed to be executed during the years 1939 – 41, though it was more due to the temporary bankruptcy of Hitler's own foreign policy programme that he had laid down in Mein Kampf and Zweites Buch following the failure to achieve an alliance with Britain, than to a genuine change of mind.

The absence of a strategic bomber force for the Luftwaffe, following General Wever's accidental death in 1936 and the end of the Ural bomber program he fostered before the invasion of Poland, would not be addressed again until the authorization of the Bomber B design competition in July 1939, which sought to replace the medium bomber force with which the Luftwaffe was to begin the war, with more advanced, twin-engined high speed bomber aircraft fitted with pairs of relatively " high-power " engines of 1, 500 kW ( 2, 000 hp ) output levels and upwards each, that would also be able to function as shorter range heavy bombers.

In addition to the mandates, the League itself governed the Territory of the Saar Basin for 15 years, before it was returned to Germany following a plebiscite, and the free city of Danzig ( now Gdańsk, Poland ) from 15 November 1920 to 1 September 1939.

David Low ( cartoonist ) | David Low's cartoon, published in the Evening Standard on 20 September 1939, shows Hitler greeting Stalin, following their joint Invasion of Poland ( 1939 ) | invasion of Poland, with the words, " The scum of the earth, I believe ?".

Founded by German merchant Georg Wertheim ( 1857 – 1939 ), designed by architect Alfred Messel ( 1853 – 1909 ), opened in 1897 and extended several times over the following 40 years, it ultimately possessed a floor area double that of the Reichstag, a 330-metre-long granite and plate glass facade along Leipziger Straße, 83 elevators, three escalators, 1, 000 telephones, 10, 000 lamps, five kilometres of pneumatic tubing for moving items from the various departments to the packing area, and a separate entrance directly from the nearby U-Bahn station.

In 1939, following a popular referendum, the Republic of Hatay became a Turkish province.

* 1939 – World War II: following the start of the invasion of Poland the previous day, the Free City of Danzig ( now Gdańsk, Poland ) is annexed by Nazi Germany.

* 1939 – World War II: a Bristol Blenheim is the first British aircraft to cross the German coast following the declaration of war and German ships are bombed.

She had a busy official role from 1932 to 1939 and, following her husband's death, stood for Parliament herself, becoming Australia's first female Member of the House of Representatives, and later first woman in Cabinet, joining the Menzies Cabinet in 1951.

Pluto and Donald became standalone cartoons in 1937, with Goofy following in 1939.

On November 6, 1939, following the Nazi invasion of Poland, 184 professors were arrested and deported to Sachsenhausen concentration camp during an operation codenamed Sonderaktion Krakau.

In 1939, following the Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact, the Soviets invaded Poland.

From 1936 to 1939, after following up on Birkhoff's suggestion, Ulam spent summers in Poland and academic years at Harvard University in Cambridge, MA.

* 1939 – DC Comics publishes its second major superhero in Detective Comics # 27 ; he is Batman, one of the most popular comic book superheroes of all time.

A popular myth is that Polish cavalry armed with lances charged German tanks during the September 1939 campaign.

He is popular for his films from a wide range of genres such as Scarface ( 1932 ), Bringing Up Baby ( 1938 ), Only Angels Have Wings ( 1939 ), His Girl Friday ( 1940 ), Sergeant York ( 1941 ), To Have and Have Not ( 1944 ), The Big Sleep ( 1946 ), Red River ( 1948 ), The Thing from Another World ( 1951 ), Gentlemen Prefer Blondes ( 1953 ), and Rio Bravo ( 1959 ).

Besides his Oscar-winning scores, some of Steiner's popular works include King Kong ( 1933 ), Little Women ( 1933 ), Jezebel ( 1938 ), Casablanca ( 1942 ), and the film score for which he is possibly best known, Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ).

Siodmak arrived in Hollywood in 1939, where he made 23 movies, many of them widely popular thrillers and crime melodramas, which critics today regard as classics of film noir.

* The two most popular depictions of the cult in film are the 1939 film, Gunga Din, and the 1984 film, Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom.

This was followed by Gold Diggers of Broadway which was so popular it played in theatres until 1939.

In 1939 he published in installments in two daily newspapers the popular novel Opętani, where he interlaced the form of the ' gothic novel ' with that of sensational modern romance.

His annual contributions for the Boy Scouts ' calendars between 1925 and 1976 ( Rockwell was a 1939 recipient of the Silver Buffalo Award, the highest adult award given by the Boy Scouts of America ), were only slightly overshadowed by his most popular of calendar works: the " Four Seasons " illustrations for Brown & Bigelow that were published for 17 years beginning in 1947 and reproduced in various styles and sizes since 1964.

In 1939, a popular film called Stanley and Livingstone was released, with Spencer Tracy as Stanley and Cedric Hardwicke as Livingstone.

Many of these draw more directly on the 1939 MGM Technicolor film version of the novel, a now-classic of popular culture shown annually on American television from 1959 to 1991, and shown several times a year every year beginning in 1999.

* Mulan Joins the Army ( 1939 film ) – popular Chinese film made during the war, directed by Bu Wancang.

Lost Horizon subsequently became a huge popular success and in 1939 was published in paperback form, as Pocket Book # 1.

Other popular Wyler films include Funny Girl ( 1968 ), How to Steal a Million ( 1966 ), The Big Country ( 1958 ), Roman Holiday ( 1953 ), The Heiress ( 1949 ), The Letter ( 1940 ), The Westerner ( 1940 ), Wuthering Heights ( 1939 ), Jezebel ( 1938 ), Dodsworth ( 1936 ), and Hell's Heroes ( 1930 ).

Starting in 1939, Goofy was given his own series of shorts which were popular in the 1940s and early ' 50s.

John L. Sullivan ( Joel McCrea ), a popular young Hollywood director fresh from a string of very profitable, but shallow comedies ( e. g. Ants in Your Plants of 1939 ), tells his studio boss, Mr. Lebrand ( Robert Warwick ), that he is dissatisfied and wants his next project to be a serious exploration of the plight of the downtrodden, to be based on the socially-conscious novel O Brother, Where Art Thou?

In his middle and late career, Gamow focussed more on teaching, and became well known as an author of popular books on science, including One Two Three ... Infinity, and the Mr. Tompkins ... series of books ( 1939 – 1967 ).

Gamow's lifetime interest in playing pranks, punning, and doggerel verse come across in some of his popular writings, notably his Mr. Tompkins ... series of books ( 1939 – 1967 ).

Some shows originated as stage productions: Clifford Goldsmith's play What a Life was reworked into NBC's popular, long-running The Aldrich Family ( 1939 – 1953 ) with the familiar catchphrases " Henry!

A poster for the 1939 Broadway theatre | Broadway show The Hot Mikado ( 1939 production ) | The Hot Mikado using blackface imageryIn the Theater Owners Booking Association ( TOBA ), an all-black vaudeville circuit organized in 1909, blackface acts were a popular staple.

His band was very popular from 1934 until 1939.

Paul " Oz " Bach, founder and bass player for the popular musical group Spanky and Our Gang, was born in Paw Paw on June 24, 1939.

KdF was one of the Nazi regime's most popular programs, and played a large part in reconciling the working class to the regime, at least before 1939.