In his diary on June 1948, Chiang wrote that the KMT had failed, not because of external enemies but because of rot from within.

In 1948, Sweden witnessed Tattarkravallerna Jönköping, where the prejudices for this social strata led to speeches on how these people were degenerate, impure, parasitic and corroded from within, triggering violence and cleansing.

* 1948 – Ceylon ( later renamed Sri Lanka ) becomes independent within the British Commonwealth.

" At the end of January 1953, Stalin's personal physician Miron Vovsi ( cousin of Solomon Mikhoels, who was assassinated in 1948 at the orders of Stalin ) was arrested within the frame of the plot.

( It should be noted that the coast referred to as belonging to Palestine in this document dating to 1953 has been within the internationally recognised borders of the country known as Israel since 1948.

* 1948 – A dike along the flooding Columbia River breaks, obliterating Vanport, Oregon within minutes.

Between 1948 and 1967, a series of military coups destroyed the stability of the government and any remaining professionalism within the armed forces.

After suppressing the communist insurrection during the Malayan Emergency from 1948 to 1960, Britain granted independence to Malaya and later, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak in 1957 and 1963 respectively within the framework of the Federation of Malaysia.

Subsequently, in 1948, the Bison Breeding Centre was established within the Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve.

By 1948, the Cold War was clearly in progress and the US began to worry more about a threat from the Eastern Bloc rather than the latent Nazism within occupied Germany.

The Kuomintang defeat is attributed to several factors: Corruption-Chiang wrote in his diary on June 1948 that the KMT had failed, not because of external enemies but because of rot from within.

In 1948, what would become to be known as bluegrass emerged as a genre within the post-war country / western-music industry, a period of time characterized now as the golden era or wellspring of " traditional bluegrass.

It was from Security Council Resolution 54 that the Mediator was instructed to supervise the observance of the truce and to establish procedures for examining alleged breaches of the truce since 11 June 1948, and authorized the Mediator to deal with breaches so far as it was within the capacity of the Mediator to do so by appropriate local action, also the Security Council Resolution 54 requested the Mediator to keep the Security Council informed concerning the operation of the truce and where necessary to take appropriate action.

On the " appointed day ", 5 July 1948, having overcome political opposition from both the Conservative Party and from within his own party, and after a dramatic showdown with the British Medical Association, which had threatened to derail the National Health Service scheme before it had even begun, as medical practitioners continued to withhold their support just months before the launch of the service, Bevan's National Health Service Act of 1946 came into force.

Following the 1948 Arab – Israeli War, Jordan obligated itself within the framework of the 3 April 1949 Armistice Agreement to allow " free access to the holy sites and cultural institutions and use of the cemeteries on the Mount of Olives.

In the revision of 1948 a complete new chapter was added to facilitate the incorporation of the new state of Indonesia within the Kingdom.

Complaints about the system were brought to the United Nations as early as 12 July 1948 when Dr. Padmanabha Pillai, the representative of India to the United Nations, circulated a letter to the Secretary-General expressing his concerns over treatment of ethnic Indians within the Union of South Africa.

The controversy was reinforced further by the publication of The White Goddess by Robert Graves ( 1948 ) and his later analysis of classical Greek mythology and the vestiges of earlier myths that had been rewritten after a profound change in the religion of Greek civilization that occurred within its very early historical times.

The independent cities of Staunton and Waynesboro ( incorporated as such in 1902 and 1948 respectively ) are located within the boundaries of Augusta County, but are not a part of the county, despite Staunton's status as the county seat.

Of notable interest is that even though the chain no longer has a store within city limits, Winchell's Donuts originated in Temple City, opening on October 8, 1948.

They include Minnesota v. Barber, 136 U. S. 313, ( 1890 ) ( striking down a Minnesota statute that required any meat sold within the State, whether originating within or without the State, to be examined by an inspector within the State ); Foster-Fountain Packing Co. v. Haydel, 278 U. S. 1 ( 1928 ) ( striking down a Louisiana statute that forbade shrimp to be exported unless the heads and hulls had first been removed within the State ); Johnson v. Haydel, 278 U. S. 16 ( 1928 ) ( striking down analogous Louisiana statute for oysters ); Toomer v. Witsell, 334 U. S. 385 ( 1948 ) ( striking down South Carolina statute that required shrimp fishermen to unload, pack, and stamp their catch before shipping it to another State ); Pike v. Bruce Church, Inc., supra ( striking down Arizona statute that required all Arizona-grown cantaloupes to be packaged within the State prior to export ); South-Central Timber Development, Inc. v. Wunnicke, 467 U. S. 82 ( 1984 ) ( striking down an Alaska regulation that required all Alaska timber to be processed within the State prior to export ).

* The mathematical framework of the theory of information – 1948

The last continuous National Assembly was established under the framework of the 1947 Constitution of the Republic of China as a constitutional convention and electoral college and called into place in 1948.

Marie-Thérèse Maurette created the framework for what would eventually become the IB Diploma Programme in 1948 when she wrote Is There a Way of Teaching for Peace ?, a handbook for UNESCO.

Prior to 1948 cadet forces in schools existed as part of the Officers ' Training Corps framework, but in 1948 Combined Cadet Force was formed covering cadets affiliated to all three services.

In January 1953, in response to increasing pressure from the commercial lobby, the Menzies government amended the Broadcasting Act 1948 to allow for the granting of commercial licenses, thus providing the legislative framework for a dual system of TV ownership.

The framework of the meeting was set up in another meeting held on 8 August 1948 during the Second London Olympics, which was called by the Indian Olympic Committee's representative Guru Dutt Sondhi.

In 1948, a 110 m tall guyed steel framework mast was built on the site at This served as a transmission aerial for the American Forces Network ( AFN ) until 1963.

This mast was replaced in turn in 1948 by two guyed insulated steel framework masts, each with a height of and which still exist today.

In 1948, a 120 meter high steel framework mast insulated from ground was built in Heusweiler.

Her book on her conceptual framework, Interpersonal Relations in Nursing, was completed in 1948.

When Israel's War of Independence erupted in 1948, Laskov assumed responsibility for preparing the framework in which new recruits would be trained.

Following the Zhdanov decree of February 1948, Prokofiev started work on a shortened single-evening version of the opera, at the same time making various revisions to his original scheme, although the thirteen-scene framework remained.

In the Romanian general election elections of 1946, the Romanian Communist Party ( PCR ) employed widespread intimidation tactics and electoral fraud to obtain 80 percent of the vote and, thereafter, eliminated the role of the centrist parties and forced mergers, the result of which was that, by 1948, most non-Communist politicians were either executed, in exile or in prison.

Personal Social Services or welfare services were developed in 1948 for individual and families in general, particularly special groups such as the mentally disordered, deprived children, the elderly, and the handicapped.

Lord Mountbatten with Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru the first Prime Minister of sovereign India in Government House, Lady Mountbatten standing to their left. When India and Pakistan attained independence on 15 August 1947, Mountbatten remained in New Delhi for ten months, serving as India's first governor general until June 1948.

* 1883 – Johannes Blaskowitz, German general ( d. 1948 )

The resolution from the UN General Assembly called for a UN-supervised general election in Korea, but with the North rejecting this proposition, a general election for a Constitutional Assembly was held in the South only, in May 1948.

* 2012 – Pavel Grachev, Russian general ( b. 1948 )

* 1860 – John J. Pershing, American general ( d. 1948 )

When NASCAR was first formed by Bill France, Sr. in 1948 to regulate stock car racing in the U. S., there was a requirement that any car entered be made entirely of parts available to the general public through automobile dealers.

* March 12 – William C. Lee, U. S. general ( d. 1948 )

* July 10 – Johannes Blaskowitz, German general ( d. 1948 )

** Muhammad Ali Jinnah, first governor general and founder of Pakistan ( d. 1948 )

* September 13 – John J. Pershing, American general ( d. 1948 )

Breaking decisively with its Communist and Socialist coalition partners under pressure from Harry Truman in May 1947, the party went on to win a decisive victory in 1948 general election with the support of the Catholic Church and the United States.

In the 1948 general election the party had its best result ever ( 48. 5 % and the absolute majority in the Italian Parliament.

The newly created Special Department for Money and Credit in Germany's western zones of occupation in September 1947, under Erhard, focused attention immediately upon the general theme of monetary and financial recovery, resulting in the adoption of the so-called Homburg plan in April 1948 that set the stage for the recovery of the economy.

The IOC selected St. Moritz to host the 1948 Games at their general session in September 1946.

In Italy, the Italian Democratic Socialist Party broke away from the Italian Socialist Party in 1947, when this latter joined the Soviet-funded Italian Communist Party to prepare the decisive general election of 1948.

The adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 marks the recognition at least nominally of a general ban of torture by all UN member states.

After working as Editor of the Church Times from 1948 to 1949, Heath worked as a management trainee at the merchant bankers Brown, Shipley & Co. until his election as Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Bexley in the February 1950 general election.

He was promoted to lieutenant general just before his retirement on 29 February 1948 in recognition of his leadership of the bomb program.

He was promoted to lieutenant general just before his retirement on 29 February 1948 in recognition of his leadership of the Manhattan Project.

When World War II ended, he was appointed to the permanent rank of brigadier general in the Regular Army but held his temporary rank of major general in the Army until promotion to lieutenant general in the now separate United States Air Force in 1948.