The NAACP had been waging a systematic legal fight against the " separate but equal " doctrine enunciated in Plessy v. Ferguson ( 1896 ) and finally had challenged Plessy in a series of five related cases, which had been argued before the Court in the spring of 1953.

Wilkins received a bachelor's degree in 1953, and a law degree in 1956 from the University of Michigan, where he interned with the NAACP and was a member of the senior leadership society, Michigamua.

Born in Mount Meigs, Alabama, Shuttlesworth became pastor of the Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham in 1953 and was Membership Chairman of the Alabama state chapter of the NAACP in 1956, when the State of Alabama formally outlawed it from operating within the state.

The Legal Defense Fund of the NAACP ( a small legal group separate from the much better known NAACP ) had been waging a systematic legal fight against the " separate but equal " doctrine enunciated in Plessy v. Ferguson ( 1896 ) and finally had challenged Plessy in a series of five related cases, which had been argued before the Court in the spring of 1953.

He was also Chairman of the Irish Legal Terms Advisory Committee from 14 May 1948 to 13 May 1953.

Returning to Lebanon in 1953, he accepted the post of Chief of Legal Services for International Agreements and External Relations at the Lebanese Directorate of Civil Aviation.

In 1953, he was appointed Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Office of Legal Counsel.

This name was changed to Office of Legal Counsel in an administrative order by Attorney General Herbert Brownell, Jr., issued April 3, 1953.

His first high-level government position was as Deputy Director-General of Defense in 1952, and Director-General in 1953 through 1959.

Unit 101 ( Hebrew: יחידה 101 ) was a special forces unit of the Israeli Defense Forces ( IDF ), founded and commanded by Ariel Sharon on orders from Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion in August 1953.

Importantly, in 1953 the United States Atomic Energy Commission and the Department of Defense signed the Missiles and Rockets Agreement, which paved the way for the development and implementation of PALs.

In April 1953 the Air Defense Command's ( ADC ) 15th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was activated with F-86A Sabres.

In 1919, MacDonald became Commissioner of the Bureau of Public Roads ( BPR ), a post he held until 1953, when he oversaw the early stages of the Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways.

The fourth Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces ( 1953 – 58 ), he became a fighting symbol to the world of the new State of Israel.

To inject more realism into the training, ATC made arrangements with Strategic Air Command to allow instructor pilots to fly intercept missions against SAC bombers with F-86D ( later L ) Sabre, With the addition of interceptor crew training and the acquisition of interceptor aircraft, HQ USAF decided effective 20 October 1953 to assign ATC responsibility for supporting Air Defense Command's interceptor forces.

By law, radio sets manufactured between 1953 and 1963 had these frequencies marked by the triangle-in-circle (" CD Mark ") symbol of Civil Defense.

Great Falls was reassigned to the Central Air Defense Force at Richards-Gebaur Air Force Base in 1953.

Air Defense Command activated the 740th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron at Rapid City AFB on 1 February 1953 under the ADC 31st Air Division.

However, in 1950, when the United States entered the Korean War, Secretary of Defense George Marshall and Secretary of the Navy Francis P. Matthews requested that the USO be reactivated " to provide support for the men and women of the armed forces with help of the American people " According to war historian Paul Edwards, Between 1952 and 1953, not a day went by without the USO providing services somewhere in Korea.

Known as the Defense Calculator while in development in the IBM Poughkeepsie Laboratory, this machine was formally unveiled April 7, 1953 as the IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine.

Peng made regular inspection tours of the Chinese provinces after becoming Defense Minister in 1953.

* Paul Keres vs Vasily Smyslov, Zurich Candidates ' Tournament 1953, English Opening: Anglo-Indian Defense.

: Japan Air Defense Force, 1 April 1953

Douglas J. Feith ( born July 16, 1953 ) served as the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy for United States President George W. Bush from July 2001 until August 2005.

On 29 November 1953, Pierre Poujade created the Union de Defense Commercants et Artisans ( UDCA ), to organize the tax protesters.

Frederick Valdemar Erastus Peterson ( July 18, 1903 – October 17, 1983 ), also known as Val Peterson, was an American politician who served as the 26th Governor of Nebraska from 1947 to 1953 ; as director of the Federal Civil Defense Administration from 1953 – 1957 ; as U. S. ambassador to Denmark 1957 – 1961 ; and as U. S. ambassador Finland, 1969 – 1973.

Peterson served in the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration as director of the Federal Civil Defense Administration from 1953 – 1957.

He was Instructor of Mathematics at Harvard University, 1930 – 31, 1933 – 35 ; NRC Fellow, Mathematics, 1931 – 33 ; Assistant Professor, 1935 – 40 ; Associate Professor, 1940 – 46, Professor, 1946 – 52 ; Professor Instructor, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton University, 1952 – 77 ; Professor Emeritus, 1977 – 89 ; Chairman of the Mathematics Panel, National Science Foundation, 1953 – 56 ; Exchange Professor, Collège de France, 1957 ; Memorial Committee, Support of Research in Mathematical Sciences, National Research Council, 1966 – 67 ; President, International Commission of Mathematical Instruction, 1979 – 82 ; Research Mathematicians, National Defense Research Committee, 1943 – 45 ; Construction of the School of Mathematics.

In March 1953, after Stalin died, the Ministry of Armaments was combined with the Ministry of Aviation Industry to become the Ministry of Defense Industry, with Ustinov assigned as head of this new ministry.

In 1948, Curtice became executive vice president of GM, and succeeded to the presidency in 1953 when GM president Charles Wilson became Secretary of Defense.

In 1953, Wilson left after President Dwight Eisenhower appointed him Secretary of Defense.

Later issues included a 1953 set of two ( 300 and 500 drachmae ) to raise funds for reconstruction in the Ionian Islands after an earthquake and a 1956 set of two ( 50 lepta and 1 drachma ) for the Macedonian Studies Society Fund, to help finance archaeological studies in the region.

Stevas also won many prizes and scholarships: the Blackstone and Harmsworth Scholarship ( 1952 ); the Blackstone Prize ( 1953 ); The Yorke Prize of Cambridge University ( 1957 ); a fellowship at Yale Law School ( 1958 ); a Fulbright award ; and a Fund for the Republic fellowship ( 1958 ).

* Member of Directorate of the United Kibbutz Fund, 1953 – 1955

Patterson would later become president of what is now Tuskegee University ( 1935 – 1953 ) and founder of the United Negro College Fund ( 1944, UNCF ).

In 1953, together with his wife, Evelyn, he founded the Evelyn and Walter Haas, Jr. Fund, a private family foundation based in San Francisco, California.

Together with his wife, Haas established the Evelyn and Walter Haas, Jr. Fund in 1953 as a private family foundation.

The men also set up a Trust Fund under the control of the Methodist Church in South Africa, which was used to build a school in Johannesburg ; the school, known as St Stithians College, opened in 1953.

In November 1953, Attorney General Herbert Brownell would allege in a speech that Truman had nominated a Soviet spy — senior Treasury Department official Harry Dexter White — to serve as the U. S. Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund, despite what Brownell said was the President ’ s awareness of White ’ s involvement in Soviet espionage.

This handicraft and style of miniature painting bore different names throughout its development, such as the Palekh Artel of Ancient Painting ( since 1924 ), Palekh Artists ’ Association ( since 1932 ), and Artistic Production Workshops of the Artistic Fund of the USSR ( since 1953 ).

Early in 1953, the French asked Eisenhower for help in French Indochina against the Communists, supplied from China, who were fighting the First Indochina War.

It was only after I'd created Little Plum ( April 1953 ) and Minnie the Minx ( September 1953 ) that the Beano editor George Moonie travelled to Preston on 20 October 1953 and asked me to go ahead with Bash Street ( he gave it the provisional title of ' When The Bell Goes '; when it appeared in The Beano in February 1954, it was titled ' When The Bell Rings ').

In spring 1953, the Court heard the case but was unable to decide the issue and asked to rehear the case in fall 1953, with special attention to whether the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause prohibited the operation of separate public schools for whites and blacks.

After the death of Sir Arnold Bax he was appointed Master of the Queen's Music in 1953, to the relief of Walton, who feared he would be asked to take the post.

At around midnight on January 1, 1953, when they crossed the Tennessee state line and arrived in Bristol, Virginia, Carr stopped at a small all-night restaurant and asked Williams if he wanted to eat.

In the summer of 1953 President Eisenhower asked Kennan to chair the first of a series of top-secret teams, dubbed Operation Solarium, examining the advantages and disadvantages of continuing the Truman administration's approach of containment and of seeking to " roll back " existing areas of Soviet influence.

In 6 May 1953, De Gaulle asked to the Gaullist deputies to abandon the name " RPF ".

De Gaulle asked to the Gaullist deputies to abandon the name " RPF ", then in June 1953, 5 Gaullist deputies joined Joseph Laniel's government.

During 1953 he had been trying to get a job at U. S. Steel, but on the morning of December 5, 1953, with internal tensions worsening day by day, Garfield met with Keene at the Mark Hopkins Hotel in San Francisco and asked him to turn around the organization.

From 1953 through 1958 he was a professor at Harvard University, when he was asked by Dan Noble to join Motorola in Phoenix, Arizona as Vice President and General Manager of the semiconductor operation.

In response to the expropriation of prime-farmland assets, the United Fruit Company asked the US Governments of presidents Harry Truman ( 1945 – 53 ) and Dwight Eisenhower ( 1953 – 61 ) to act diplomatically, economically, and militarily against Guatemalan President Árbenz Guzmán, which, in 1954, resulted in the Guatemalan coup d ’ état that provoked the thirty-six-year Guatemalan Civil War, from 1960 to and 1996, in which were killed 140, 000 to 250, 000 Guatemalans.

During 1953, as the land expropriations occurred, the United Fruit Company asked the Eisenhower Administration to confront the Árbenz Government, in order to compel the reversion of Decree 900.

In 1972 he was asked to stand in as the host of the long-running Sunday evening radio programme Down Your Way ( first broadcast in 1946 ) when Franklin Engelmann, who had hosted the programme since 1953, died very suddenly.

In February 1953 the Canada-U. S. Military Study Group ( MSG ) was asked " to study those aspects of the North American Air Defence System in general, and the early warning system in particular, which are of mutual concern to the two countries.

In September 1953, Strauss, hoping to uncover evidence of Oppenheimer's disloyalty, asked FBI director J. Edgar Hoover to initiate surveillance to track Oppenheimer's movements.

In 1953, the RLA asked developers to submit plans based on the NCPC's November 1952 compromise report.

One of the earliest attempts to introduce rugby league to the United States was in 1953, when Mike Dimitro, a wrestling promoter, was asked to organize a tour of Australasia by an American rugby league team.

In July 1953, the city of Houston asked the Texas Transportation Commission to include 2 new sections of Loop 137 ( the West Loop and the South Loop ) as part of the state's highway system.

Swaters, who had bought a Ferrari 500 Formula 2 car in 1952 for his racing team, was contacted in 1953 by Ferrari to resolve a problem with the local customs authority for the car they were to display at the Brussels Motor Show and was asked to take care of the Ferrari exhibition stand as well.

James Bryant Conant, the president of the university from 1933 to 1953, asked the Harvard Corporation ( the more senior of the two governing boards ) to create the office of provost in October 1945, at time when he ( Conant ) spent a great deal of time in Washington, D. C. as chairman of the National Defense Research Committee.