* 1988 – President of Pakistan Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and U. S. Ambassador Arnold Raphel are killed in a plane crash.

* 1988 – Japanese American internment: U. S. President Ronald Reagan signs the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, providing $ 20, 000 payments to Japanese Americans who were either interned in or relocated by the United States during World War II.

In fact, Cadillac was chosen in 1988 to donate the Holiday tree to sit on the lawn of the U. S. Capitol building in Washington D. C.

Senator John Kerry's 1988 Committee on Foreign Relations report on Contra drug links concluded that " senior U. S. policy makers were not immune to the idea that drug money was a perfect solution to the Contras ' funding problems.

He continued representing clients in federal courts until the U. S. Supreme Court ruled against him on March 21, 1988.

Disbarment by the Ninth U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals followed on August 19, 1988.

Britannica introduced the Children's Britannica to the U. S. market in 1988, aimed at ages 7 to 14.

In 1993, Guyana ratified the 1988 Vienna Convention on illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and cooperates with U. S. law enforcement agencies on counter-narcotics efforts.

" Gerrit Rietveld: A Centenary Exhibition " at the Barry Friedman Gallery, New York, in 1988 was the first comprehensive presentation of the Dutch architect's original works ever held in the U. S. The highlight of a celebratory “ Rietveld Year ” in Utrecht, the exhibition “ Rietveld ’ s Universe ” opened at the Centraal Museum and compared him and his work with famous contemporaries like Wright, Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe.

Cambridge U Press, 1988, 448 pages ISBN 0-521-29499-1

Japan's aid to the ASEAN countries totaled US $ 1. 9 billion in Japanese fiscal year ( FY ) 1988 versus about US $ 333 million for the United States during U. S. FY 1988.

Herman and Chomsky ( 1988 ) proposed a propaganda model hypothesizing systematic biases of U. S. media from structural economic causes.

* 1988 – U. S. President Ronald Reagan begins his first visit to the Soviet Union when he arrives in Moscow for a superpower summit with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.

The M16 rifle is principally manufactured by Colt and Fabrique Nationale de Herstal ( under a U. S. military contract since 1988 by FNH-USA ; currently in production since 1991, primarily M16A2, A3, and A4 ), with variants made elsewhere in the world.

* 1988 – War on Drugs: U. S. President Ronald Reagan signs a bill into law allowing the death penalty for drug traffickers.

* 1988 – Ronald Reagan decides to tear down the new U. S. Embassy in Moscow because of Soviet listening devices in the building structure.

* 1988 – U. S. televangelist Jim Bakker is indicted for fraud.

The chief conspirators, Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, met in 1988 at Fort Benning during basic training for the U. S. Army.

General Noriega's February 1988 indictment in U. S. courts on drug-trafficking charges sharpened tensions.

In April 1988, President Reagan invoked the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, freezing Panamanian Government assets in U. S. banks, withholding fees for using the canal, and prohibiting payments by American agencies, firms, and individuals to the Noriega regime.

In 1988, the U. S. National Academy of Sciences published a report on the subject that concluded that " no scientific justification from research conducted over a period of 130 years for the existence of parapsychological phenomena.

A Club Sport variant which was up to lighter became available to continental Europe and U. S. in 1988.

From 1965 to 1988 she served as secretary and receptionist to John Conyers, an African-American U. S. Representative.

* Irwin, T. H. ( 1988 ).

According to Igor M. Diakonoff ( 1988: 33n ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 10, 000 BC.

He also offers a conversion table ( see Cohen, 1988, p. 283 ) for eta squared ( η < sup > 2 </ sup >) where 0. 0099 constitutes a small effect, 0. 0588 a medium effect and 0. 1379 a large effect.

New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Narayanan – AIR India Reporter 1988 Court Page No. 1381 ; 1988 Volume No. 3 SCC Court Cases Page No. 366 ; 1988 PLJR 78 – Although an affidavit may be taken as proof of the facts stated therein, the Courts have no jurisdiction to admit evidence by way of affidavit.

Unger ( 1990 ) advocates a family consisting of Tungusic, Korean, and Japonic but not Turkic or Mongolic, and Doerfer ( 1988 ) rejects all the genetic claims over these major groups.

This would make it a language family about as old as Indo-European ( 4000 to 7, 000 BC according to several hypotheses cited in Mallory 1997: 106 ) but considerably younger than Afroasiatic ( c. 10, 000 BC according to Diakonoff 1988: 33n, 11, 000 to 16, 000 BC according to Ehret 2002: 35 – 36 ).

* Green, Bryan S. ( 1988 ).

* Conservative Judaism in America: A Biographical Dictionary and Sourcebook, Pamela S. Nadell, Greenwood Press, NY 1988

* 1988 – Richard S. Castellano, American actor ( b. 1933 )

* John Updike's S. ( 1988 ) is an epistolary novel consisting of the Heroin's letters and transcribed audio recordings.

1983 / 284 ), the Indictments ( Procedure ) ( Amendment ) Rules 1988 ( S. I.

1988 / 1783 ), the Indictments ( Procedure ) ( Amendment ) Rules 1992 ( S. I.

* Gregory S. Neal: " The Nature of Evil and the Irenaean Theodicy " Grace Incarnate ( 1988 )

The theory gained notoriety in media studies particularly with the publication of Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky ’ s Manufacturing Consent, published in 1988.

Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media ( 1988 ), by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky, is an analysis of the news media, arguing that the mass media of the United States " are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion ".

* United Nations Environment Programme Roll of Honor for Environmental Achievement ( The Global 500 ), 1988

The Ends of the Earth: Perspectives on Modern Environmental History ( 1988 )

Environmental Impact Report for the General Plan Amendment, Rezoning and Development of a Portion of FMC Corporation's Coleman Avenue Facility, Earth Metrics Inc., September 1988, published by the City of Santa Clara, California.

He received many awards and honors for his work in climate research, including the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal ( 1984 ), the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement ( 1988 ), the highest atmospheric science award of the American Meteorological Society and the Blue Planet Prize ( 1995 ), often considered as the Nobel Prize for environmental sciences.

Distinguished Service Award, by the Family Law Section of the North Carolina Bar Association, in 1981 ; Governor's Award as Legislator of the Year, by the North Carolina Wildlife Federation, in 1985 ; Award of Excellence, by the Triangle J Council of Governments, in 1985 ; Distinguished Service Award, by the Research Triangle Group of the Sierra Club, in 1986 ; Service Award, by the Orange-Chatham Alliance for the Mentally Ill ; Triangle Conservation Award, by the Triangle Land Conservancy, in 1987 ; Consumer Advocate of the Year, by the North Carolina Consumers Council, in 1987 ; Honorary Citizenship of the City of Raleigh, by Mayor Avery Upchurch, in 1987, for efforts in the passage of the phosphate detergent limitation ; Resolution of Appreciation, by the Governor's Crime Commission, in 1987 ; Service Award, by the Joint Orange Chatham Community Action, Inc. Board of Directors, in 1988 ; Service Award, by the North Carolina Chapter of the Sierra Club, in 1988 ; Legislative Award, by the North Carolina Chapter, American Planning Association, in 1989 ; Legislative Award, by the N. C. Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the N. C. Pediatric Society, in 1989 ; Appreciation Award, by the Chatham County Advisory Council of the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, in 1990 ; " Best Bets For 1990 ", by the Center For Policy Alternatives, Sustainable Growth Program, in 1990, " For Leadership in Reducing Environmental Hazards by Sponsoring Legislation to Establish Free Disposal Sites for Used Tires "; Service Award, by the Environmental Quality and Natural Resources Committee of the Southern Legislative Conference, in 1991, " In Appreciation For His Outstanding Leadership As Chairman .... 1989-1991 "; Recycling Merit Award, by the North Carolina Recycling Association in 1991 ; Appreciation Award, by the North Carolina Property Mappers Association, in 1993 ; Jake Alexander Public Service Award, by Mothers Against Drunk Driving, Students Against Driving Drunk, and the Governor's Highway Safety Program, in 1993 ; Distinguished Service Award, by the Family Law Section of the North Carolina Bar Association, in 1996 ; Legislator of the Year, by North Carolina Citizen Action, for " your years of outstanding leadership and dedication to the fair protection of North Carolina families, workers and environment ", in 1996 ; Certificate of Commendation, by the North Carolina Psychiatric Association, for " persistence and legislative commitment to improving mental health in North Carolina ", in 1997 ; Governor's Award as Legislator of the Year, by the North Carolina Wildlife Federation, in 1998 ; Friend of Education Award, by the Chapel Hill-Carrboro Association of Educators, in 1999 ; Public Service Award, by the Child Care Services Association, for " outstanding advocacy and service on behalf of young children and their families ", in 2003.

He also won the 1987 Esselen Award of the American Chemical Society, the 1988 Newcomb-Cleveland from the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the 1989 NASA Medal for Exceptional Scientific Advancement, and the 1989 United Nations Environmental Programme Global 500 Award.

In 1988, some members of the Select Society of Sanitary Sludge Shovelers ( 5S ), who were also members of the Institution of Water and Environmental Management ( IWEM, chartered in 1995 so now CIWEM ) decided to found the Guild of Water Conservators ; it was recognised as a Company in 1994.

Between 1988 and 2001, the University opened its first new schools in 50 years, including the Rangos School of Health Sciences, the Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, and the School of Leadership and Professional Advancement.

The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality began requiring a permit for farmers to burn their fields in 1981, but the requirements became stricter in 1988 following a multi-car accident in which smoke from field burning near Albany, Oregon obscured the vision of drivers on Interstate 5, leading to a 23-car accident in which 5 people died and 37 were injured.

In 1988 the United States Environmental Protection Agency eased restrictions on several pesticides which posed a " de minimis " risk to humans.

He did the Art and Design Foundation course at the Leicester Polytechnic in 1987, and then studied Environmental Art at the Glasgow School of Art from 1988 to 1991.

The Best Practicable Environmental Option ( BPEO ) ( Twelfth Report, FEB 1988, Cm 310 ), is a set of procedures adopted by Great Britain with the goal of managing waste and other environmental concerns.

He moved on to other roles in local government, serving as Head of Environmental Health and Consumer Affairs at the Association of Metropolitan Authorities, later Local Government Association 1988 – 97.

* Nick Middleton, Atlas of Environmental Issues ( Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988 )

* Environmental Ethics ( Temple University Press, 1988 )

Donald Worster's widely quoted 1988 definition states: " Environmental history is the interaction between human cultures and the environment in the past.

In 1988, Donald Worster stated that environmental history “ attempts to make history more inclusive in its narratives ” by examining the “ role and place of nature in human life ”, and in 1993, that “ Environmental history explores the ways in which the biophysical world has influenced the course of human history and the ways in which people have thought about and tried to transform their surroundings ”.

The Canadian Environmental Protection Act was first passed in 1988 in order to provide a systematic approach to assess and manage chemical substances in the environment that were not addressed under existing programs.

The Act came into force on March 31, 2000 and replaced the original Canadian Environmental Protection Act from 1988.

Opponents argued that the decision was flawed and possibly illegal as there was no Environmental Impact Assessment — a legal requirement incorporated into British law two weeks after the start of the 1988 public enquiry.

“ Environmental Security: A Concept .” Presented at the International Conference on Environmental Stress and Security, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden, December 1988.