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In August 1689, a French fleet appeared near the coast of Ceylon compelling the Governor of Pulicat Lawrence Pitt who was on high seas to seek protection within the bastions of Fort St George.
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August and 1689
The practice was introduced to the west by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu ( May 26, 1689 – August 21, 1762 ).
Blessed Pope Innocent XI ( 16 May 1611 – 12 August 1689 ), born Benedetto Odescalchi, was Pope from 1676 to 1689.
Innocent XI died after a long period of ill health on 12 August 1689.
Members of Parliament then explained in August 1689 that “ the Commons had a particular regard … when that Declaration was first made ” to punishments like the one that had been inflicted by the King's Bench against Titus Oates.
* August 21 – Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, English writer ( b. 1689 )
* August 2 – Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea, English politician ( b. 1689 )
* August 12 – Death of Innocent XI ( Benedetto Odescalchi ; 1611 – 1689 ), Pope since 1676.
Samuel Richardson ( 19 August 1689 – 4 July 1761 ) was an 18th-century English writer and printer.
Nevertheless, the decaying castle withstood several days of siege by the forces of William of Orange in 1689, before surrendering on 28 August.
However, at the Battle of Walcourt on 25 August 1689 Marlborough won praise from the Allied commander, Prince Waldeck – " ... despite his youth he displayed greater military capacity than do most generals after a long series of wars ...
He served with his regiment during the War of the Grand Alliance, seeing action at the Battle of Walcourt in August 1689.
This has been disputed by David Konig, who points out that between charters, according to the Records of the Court of Assistants, a group of 14 pirates were tried and condemned on January 27, 1690, for acts of piracy and murder committed in August and October 1689.
* Lady Mary Wortley Montagu ( May 26, 1689 – August 21, 1762 ) – explored Turkey.
Charles XI of Sweden supplied the contingents due from his German possessions to the Allied cause ( 6, 000 men and 12 warships ), while in August 1689 Christian V of Denmark agreed to a treaty to supply William III with 7, 000 troops in return for a subsidy.
Initially Marshal Humières commanded French forces in this theatre but in 1689, while the French concentrated on the Rhine, it produced little more than a stand-off – the most significant engagement occurred when William's second-in-command, the Prince of Waldeck, defeated Humières in a skirmish at the Battle of Walcourt on 25 August.
The Governor General of New France, Louis de Buade de Frontenac, capitalising on disorganization in New York and New England following the collapse of the Dominion of New England, expanded the war with a series of raids on the northern borders of the English settlements: first was the destruction of Dover, New Hampshire, in July 1689 ; followed by Pemaquid, Maine, in August.
* May 10-Jacob August Franckenstein, lexicographer ( born 1689 )
On August 12, 1689, William Penn at London signed a charter constituting some of the inhabitants a corporation by the name of " the bailiff, burgesses and commonalty of Germantown, in the county of Philadelphia, in the province of Pennsylvania.
At the end of a year, La Barre was replaced by the marquis de Denonville, a man of ability and courage, who, though he showed some vigor in marching against the western Iroquois tribes, angered rather than intimidated them, and the massacre of Lachine on August 5, 1689 must be regarded as one of the unhappy results of his administrations.
* Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea ( 24 May 1689 – 2 August 1769 ).
On August 4, 1689, Lachine, a small town adjacent to Montreal, was burned to the ground.
Edward Villiers, 1st Earl of Jersey ( c. 1656 – 25 August 1711 ) son of Sir Edward Villiers ( 1620 – 1689 ) of Richmond and Frances Howard, the youngest daughter of Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk and Elizabeth Hume, was created Baron Villiers and Viscount Villiers in 1691 and Earl of Jersey in 1697.
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu ( 15 May 1689 – 21 August 1762 ) was an English aristocrat and writer.
August and French
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier ( also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution ; 26 August 17438 May 1794 ; ), the " father of modern chemistry ," was a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry and biology.
André Weil (; 6 May 1906 – 6 August 1998 ) was an influential French mathematician of the 20th century, renowned for the breadth and quality of his research output, its influence on future work, and the elegance of his exposition.
The term ' the 10th of August ' is widely used by historians as a shorthand for the Storming of the Tuileries Palace on the 10th of August, 1792, the effective end of the French monarchy until it was restored in 1814.
Blaise Pascal (; 19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662 ), was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Christian philosopher.
Bernard of Clairvaux, O. Cist ( 1090 – August 20, 1153 ) was a French abbot and the primary builder of the reforming Cistercian order.
The Battle of the Nile ( also known as the Battle of Aboukir Bay, in French as the Bataille d ' Aboukir or in Egyptian Arabic as معركة أبي قير البحرية ) was a major naval battle fought between British and French fleets at Aboukir Bay on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt from 1 – 3 August 1798.
When Nelson's fleet arrived off Egypt on 1 August and discovered Brueys's dispositions, he ordered an immediate attack, and his ships advanced on the French line.
His scouts, HMS Alexander and HMS Swiftsure, discovered the French transport fleet at Alexandria on the afternoon of 1 August.
At 14: 00 on 1 August, lookouts on HMS Zealous reported the French anchored in Aboukir Bay, its signal lieutenant just beating the lieutenant on HMS Goliath with the signal, but inaccurately describing 16 French ships of the line instead of 13.
As the sun rose at 04: 00 on 2 August, firing broke out once again between the French southern division of Guillaume Tell, Tonnant, Généreux and Timoléon and the battered Alexander and Majestic.
On 19 August, Nelson sailed for Naples with Vanguard, Culloden and Alexander, leaving Hood in command of Zealous, Goliath, Swiftsure and the recently joined frigates to watch over French activities at Alexandria.
Rumours of a battle first appeared in the French press as early as 7 August, although credible reports did not arrive until 26 August, and even these claimed that Nelson was dead and Bonaparte a British prisoner.
Félix Éboué in a contemporary World War II cartoonDuring World War II, Chad was the first French colony to rejoin the Allies ( August 26, 1940 ), after the defeat of France by Germany.
Image: French heavy cavalry Paris August 1914. jpg | French cuirassiers, wearing breastplates and helmets, parade through Paris on the way to battle, August 1914.
In August, an official visit to the territory by then French President, General Charles de Gaulle, was also met with demonstrations and rioting.
The last article of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was adopted on 26 August 1789, by the National Constituent Assembly ( Assemblée nationale constituante ), during the period of the French Revolution, as the first step toward writing a constitution for France.
Anne further honoured Churchill, after his leadership in the victories against the French of 13 August 1704 near the village of Blenheim ( German Blindheim ) on the river Danube ( Battle of Blenheim ), by granting him the royal manor of Woodstock, and building him a house at her own expense to be called Blenheim.
August and fleet
The Bonapartes moved to Marseille but in August Toulon offered itself to the British and received the protection of a fleet under Admiral Hood.
The first clashes took place on 2 August, but little action took place for several days, as the King waited for all his forces to arrive and Essex waited for the fleet.
The first message to reach Bonaparte regarding the disaster that had overtaken his fleet arrived on 14 August at his camp on the road between Salahieh and Cairo.
* 1704 1 August ( NS ): ( 21 July ( OS )) – During the War of the Spanish Succession, and when returning from a failed expedition to Barcelona, an Anglo-Dutch fleet, under the command of Sir George Rooke, chief commander of the Alliance Navy, began a new siege ( the eleventh siege of the town ).
* 1704 24 August – The Alliance fleet, under the command of Rooke, set sail from Gibraltar and intercepted a joint Spanish-French fleet that attempted to recover Gibraltar by the coast of Málaga ( Battle of Vélez-Málaga ).
The few Spaniards who remained in Gibraltar in August 1704 were augmented by others who arrived in the fleet with Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt, possibly some two hundred in all, mostly Catalans.
Only a few weeks later the British fleet under Admiral Horatio Nelson unexpectedly destroyed the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile ( 1 – 3 August 1798 ).
Despite the only French naval victory ( during the Napoleonic Wars ) of Battle of Grand Port on 19 and 20 August 1810 by a fleet commanded by Pierre Bouvet, Mauritius was captured on 3 December 1810 by the British under Commodore Josias Rowley.
The decline began on 6 August 1284, when the numerically superior fleet of Pisa, under the command of Albertino Morosini, was defeated by the brilliant tactics of the Genoese fleet, under the command of Benedetto Zaccaria and Oberto Doria, in the dramatic naval Battle of Meloria.
Thus, in August 480 BC, when the Persian army was approaching Thessaly, the Allied fleet sailed to Artemisium, and the Allied army marched to Thermopylae.
Although the army and fleet were ready by early August, adverse winds kept the ships in Normandy until late September.
* August 18 – The Bolshevik fleet at Kronstadt, near Petrograd, Russia, on the Baltic Sea, is mostly destroyed by German warplanes and torpedo boats in a combined operation.
* July 29 – August 21 – War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Toulon – Allies are obliged to withdraw, but the French fleet is effectively put out of action.
* August 28 – Battle of Chilcheollyang: The Japanese fleet defeats the Koreans.
* August, 480 BC: Battle of Artemisium — The Persian fleet fights an inconclusive battle with the Greek allied fleet
* August 10 – War of the League of Cambrai: English naval victory at the Battle of Saint-Mathieu over the French-Breton fleet.
* August 26 – First Anglo-Dutch War – Battle of Plymouth: A fleet from the Commonwealth of England attacks an outward-bound convoy of the United Provinces, escorted by 23 men-of-war and 6 fire ships commanded by Vice-Commodore Michiel de Ruyter.
* August 28 – Alexandria, Virginia, offers surrender to the British fleet without a fight.
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