In 1999 the Australian Senate Joint Standing Committee on Treaties was told by Professor Desmond Ball that the Pine Gap facility was used as a ground station for a satellite-based interception network.

In Commentaries on the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia, Garran noted that, since the Australian executive is national in nature ( being dependent on the nationally elected House of Representatives, rather than the Senate ), " the Governor-General, as the official head of the Executive, does not in the smallest degree represent any federal element ; if he represents anything he is the image and embodiment of national unity and the outward and visible representation of the Imperial relationship of the Commonwealth.

His grandfather, Simon Fraser, emigrated from Nova Scotia in 1853, becoming a successful pastoralist and speculator, as well as a member of the Victorian Parliament, the Federation Conventions of 1897 – 98 and the Australian Senate.

Later that year, in the context of a series of ministerial scandals that were rocking the Whitlam government, Fraser opted to use the Coalition opposition Senate numbers to delay the government's budget bills with the objective of achieving an early election ( see 1975 Australian constitutional crisis ).

The Australian Democrats traditionally permitted parliamentary representatives to cast a conscience vote on any issue but, on this occasion, close numbers in the Senate placed greater pressure than usual on the dissenters.

Category: Members of the Australian Senate

Category: Members of the Australian Senate for South Australia

Category: Women members of the Australian Senate

Elections for the Australian Senate use what is referred to as above-the-line voting where candidates for each party are grouped on the ballot, allowing the voter to vote for the group or for a candidate.

This system is used in the Upper House in India, Australia ( Senate, Tasmanian and Australian Capital Territory Houses of Assembly and the Legislative Councils in New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia and Victoria ), Ireland, Northern Ireland ( assembly, local government and European elections, but not national ), Malta, local government elections in Scotland and selected ( optional ) local governments in New Zealand.

In 1996 he stood unsuccessfully as a Greens candidate for the Australian Senate.

Nick Xenophon was elected on an independent No Pokies ticket in the South Australian Legislative Council at the 1997 South Australian state election on 2. 9 percent, and re-elected at the 2006 election on 20. 5 percent, before being elected to the Australian Senate at the 2007 federal election on 14. 8 percent.

However, third parties are more common in the Australian Senate, which uses a proportional voting system more amenable to minor parties.

* Direct election ( such as the Australian Senate )

Many political scientists have held that the Australian system of government was consciously devised as a blend or hybrid of the Westminster and the United States systems of government, especially since the Australian Senate is a powerful upper house like the U. S. Senate ; this notion is expressed in the nickname " the Washminster mutation ".

He would eventually represent the ALP in the NSW Legislative Council in 1931-1940 and the Australian Senate 1943-1956.

* Australian Constitution Alteration ( Senate Elections ) Act, 1906, the first amendment to the Australian constitution

For example, elections are held every three years for half the membership of the Australian Senate, the term of a senator being six years.

Since 1967 there have been many matches between Australian Football teams ( mainly from Australia ) and Gaelic football teams ( mainly from Ireland ), under various sets of hybrid, compromise rules known as International rules football.

In November 2011 there was an Australian tour by various artists involved with the " She Will Her Way " and " He Will Have His Way " projects, under the name " They Will Have Their Way.

While other predictions show there could be as many as 28, 000 species in North America, including those currently undescribed, a realistic estimate of the little-studied Australian beetle fauna's true diversity could vary from 80, 000 to 100, 000.

During a Council of Australian Governments meeting of 2007, model legislation to rework double jeopardy laws was drafted, but there was no formal agreement for each state to introduce it.

Naturalistic dualism comes from Australian Philosopher, David Chalmers ( born 1966 ) who argues there is an explanatory gap between objective and subjective experience that cannot be bridged by reductionism because consciousness is, at least, logically autonomous of the physical properties upon which it supervenes.

Australian Rules Football has had a presence in the city since 1999 and there are now three clubs in the Capital ; the Dublin Demons, the South Dublin Swans and the West Dublin Saints.

Also, while in New Guinea, he visited the Lutheran missionaries Otto Thiele and Christian Keyser, in the Finschhafen district ; there, while in conversation with his hosts, he uncovered the discrepancies in Hermann Detzner's popular book, Four Years among the Cannibals in German Guinea from 1914 to the Truce, in which Detzner claimed to have seen the interior, discovered several species of flora and fauna, while remaining only steps ahead of the Australian patrols sent to capture him.

As there is no offside rule in Australian rules football, players can be tackled from any direction, and often blindsided.

As there is no offside rule in Australian rules, tackling is more often when chasing a player down rather than frequent on head on contact.

Although the term " tackle " is used in Australian Rules to exclusively describe wrapping, holding or wrestling a player in possession, there are also several other ways of contesting possession in Australian rules that other sports would describe as a " tackle " and that also involve a degree of contact.

Then in the early 1980s there were major changes in the Australian brewing industry, including the merger of Castlemaine ( Brisbane ), Swan ( Perth ) and Toohey's ( Sydney ) into a national brewing group, as a result of acquisitions by Perth entrepreneur Alan Bond.

As an example of false cognates, the word for " dog " in the Australian Aboriginal language Mbabaram happens to be dog, although there is no common ancestor or other connection between that language and English ( the Mbabaram word evolved regularly from a protolinguistic form * gudaga ).

In May 2009, there were thirteen European, two African, thirty-five North American, one Singaporean and two Australian institutions that kept Komodo dragons.

Throughout the winter, it serves as the home of Australian rules football, with at least one game ( though usually more ) held there each round.

Taxonomically, there are two primary divisions of Marsupialia: American marsupials and the Australian marsupials.

After Hurt's renditions of " Frankie " and " Spike Driver Blues " were included in The Anthology of American Folk Music in 1952, and an Australian man discovered a copy of " Avalon Blues ", there became increased interest in finding Hurt himself.

This surrender was accepted by the brigadier J. R. Stevenson, who represented Lieutenant General Sturdee, the commander of the First Australian Army, on board the warship HMAS Diamantina Arrangements were made to repatriate from Chuuk the 737 Nauruans who survived Japanese captivity there.

The most prominent contemporary natural law jurist, Australian John Finnis, is based in Oxford, but there are also Americans Germain Grisez, Robert P. George, and Canadian Joseph Boyle.

The current restructure has focused on the removal of men of a quality now judged to have been unsuitable for the Bougainville campaign and since the end of operations there the army has, with Australian assistance, attempted to reform all aspects of its training and administration.

Outdoor shooting later became commonplace and starting in the late 1970s it became standard practice that there will be some location-shot footage in each episode of any Australian soap opera, often to capitalise on the attractiveness and exotic nature of these locations for international audiences.

" This decision came under attack by Family Voice Australia ( formerly the Festival of Light Australia ), the Australian Christian Lobby and Liberal Party of Australia Senator Julian McGauran, who tried to have the lifted ban overturned, but the Board refused, stating " The film has aged plus there is bonus material that clearly shows it is fiction.

In December 2001, the Department of Foreign Affairs estimated that there were 800 Australian citizens resident in Sri Lanka.

Specific ecoregions of Western Australia include: the sandstone gorges of The Kimberley on the northern coast and below that areas of dry grassland ( Ord Victoria Plain ) or semi-desert ( Western Australian Mulga shrublands ), with Tanami Desert inland from there.

The group also picked up a cult following in Australia thanks to the support of the Sydney rock radio station 2JJ ( now Triple-J ) and the nationally broadcast weekly music TV show Countdown, which screened all of the band's early videos ( beginning with their first Australian single release-" This Is Pop "); thanks to this interest, the group made two well-received tours there in 1979 and 1980.