Homosexual interpretations have been part of the academic study of Batman since psychologist Fredric Wertham asserted in his Seduction of the Innocent in 1954 that " Batman stories are psychologically homosexual.

Only a few, trusted people are aware of it, such as Batman and other members of the Justice League, Superman's cousin Supergirl, and Clark's childhood friend Lana Lang ( In pre-Crisis stories, Lana did not know but their friend Pete Ross did, unbeknownst to anyone — including Clark ).

However, this reason was abandoned almost as quickly as it was introduced, since it had various flaws ( such as stories where Batman would disguise himself as Clark Kent, among others ).

* Solo ( 2006, DC Comics ), the eleventh issue of this DC Comics artist anthology series features various stories written and illustrated by Aragonés, some biographical, and a Batman story written by Mark Evanier.

* Gotham City ( the home of Batman ) and Metropolis ( the home of Superman ) have sometimes been presented as twin cities, mainly in 1970s and 1980s stories by DC Comics.

Often the hero's personal relationships are complicated by this dual life, a common theme in Spider-Man and Batman stories in particular.

Frank Miller ( born January 27, 1957 ) is an American writer, artist, and film director best known for his dark, film noir-style comic book stories and graphic novels Ronin, Daredevil: Born Again, Batman: The Dark Knight Returns, Sin City and 300.

This leads readers to believe that the revamped Poison Ivy that appeared in The New Batman Adventures, as well as the subsequent stories that followed, was a copy all along, and that the real Pamela Isley had left her life of crime to run away during the two year gap between both series.

* The character also co-starred in the three-issue comic book miniseries Harley and Ivy, and was given her swan song in the critically acclaimed The Batman Adventures comic book series, which contains stories about Batman's adventures in Gotham City after a break from the Justice League.

Fox returned to writing Batman stories in 1964, some 17 years after his last tales.

Most of the dreams told by Superman and Batman are actual imaginary stories from the Silver Age, and references to their adventures in other media.

He did a smattering of additional horror and war stories, respectively, for the two publishers, and then, after being turned down by DC's Batman editor Julius Schwartz, approached fellow DC editor Murray Boltinoff in the hopes of drawing for Boltinoff's Batman team-up title The Brave and the Bold.

( Note that the Anderson in the Judge Dredd and Batman crossover stories is the original 2000 AD version of the character.

Alvin Schwartz ( November 17, 1916 – October 28, 2011 ) was an American comic-book writer best known for his Batman and Superman stories.

In a 1989 editorial titled " Drown the Berenstain Bears ", Washington Post columnist Charles Krauthammer lamented the popularity of the books, writing that " it is not just the smugness and complacency of the stories that is so irritating ," but the bears themselves, particularly " the post-feminist Papa Bear, the Alan Alda of grizzlies, a wimp so passive and fumbling he makes Dagwood Bumstead look like Batman.

Similarly, they had characters such as Batman whose early adventures set in the 1940s could not easily be reconciled with stories featuring a still-youthful man in the 1970s.

** In the Superman & Batman: Generations series of stories by John Byrne, Superman gets his start as Superboy during the 1920s.

In certain episodes, the clock-entrance is opened by setting the hands of the clock the time Bruce's parents were killed ( similar to certain comic book stories ), while in The New Batman Adventures, Batman Beyond, and Justice League, the pendulum is pulled from behind the face of the clock to unlock the entrance.

From Batman # 189 ( 1967 ) onwards, the character becomes a recurring foe in the Silver Age Batman stories and also appears as one of the original members of the Injustice Gang.

Batman has also starred in multiple video games, most of which were adaptations of the various cinematic or animated incarnations of the character.

As with most animated Batman media, Kevin Conroy has provided the voice of the character in these games.

Denny O ' Neil's Batman, Marv Wolfman's Batman, everybody's Batman all the way back to Bob Kane ... none of them wrote him as a gay character.

" While Frank Miller has described the relationship between Batman and the Joker as a " homophobic nightmare ," he views the character as sublimating his sexual urges into crimefighting, concluding, " He'd be much healthier if he were gay.

Will Brooker argues in Batman Unmasked: Analyzing a Cultural Icon, that a queer reading of Batman is a valid interpretation, and that homosexual readers would naturally find themselves drawn to the lifestyle depicted within, whether the character of Bruce Wayne himself is explicitly homosexual or not.

He doesn ’ t care — he ’ s more interested in hanging out with the old guy and the kid .” Building on this, a Comics Alliance opinion piece titled The Gayness of Batman discussed the question of homosexual readings of the character, citing his relationship with the flamboyant Joker as " a monstrous distortion of the conflict between the closet and the scene.

2, with the character of Bill noting that Superman was not born into his alter ego ( Spider-Man was " Peter Parker " first, Batman was born " Bruce Wayne "), using the blanket he was wrapped in as his costume, and Clark Kent is a collage of mankind's less impressive traits meant to blend in with other humans ( as well as a device to pursue Lois Lane's affections ).

In 1995, Barrymore starred in Boys on the Side opposite Whoopi Goldberg and Mary-Louise Parker, and had a cameo role in Joel Schumacher's film Batman Forever, in which she portrayed a moll to Tommy Lee Jones ' character, Two-Face.

In Batman: The Brave and the Bold TV series, a character named Rohtul ( Luthor spelled backwards ) appears in the episode " The Super-Batman of Planet X " portrayed by Clancy Brown.

The result was Batman Returns which featured Michael Keaton returning as the Dark Knight, and a new triad of villains: Danny DeVito ( as the Penguin ), Michelle Pfeiffer ( as Catwoman ) and Christopher Walken as Max Shreck, an evil corporate tycoon and original character created for the film ( similar to Superman IIIs Ross Webster ).

* An underlying motif or theme that affects the hero's name, costume, personal effects, and other aspects of his or her character ( e. g., Batman wears a bat-themed costume, uses bat-themed gadgetry and equipment and operates at night ; Spider-Man can shoot webs from his hands, has a spider web pattern on his costume, and other spider-like abilities ).

The vigilante character is frequently a superhero, such as Batman, or a rogue cop such as Dirty Harry.

" " Gone are the traits that define Batman ," also citing " misuse of the central character.

* Ellen Yin, a supporting character in The Batman, is a clear nod to Ellen Yindel, Police Commissioner of Gotham City in The Dark Knight Returns.

Holland's grieving is interrupted by another Pamela Isley, whose character design matches her appearance in Batman: The Animated Series, rather than her later redesign.

* Contrary to the popular belief that Bruce Wayne ( the real name of the superhero character Batman ) was named after John Wayne, comic book writer Bill Finger named Batman's alter ego after Robert the Bruce and Anthony Wayne.

Fox's " Remarkable Ruse of the Riddler " ( with art by Sheldon Moldoff ) in Batman # 171 ( May, 1965 ) not only updated and refreshed the character launched in 1948, but officially relocated the villain to the newly identified Earth-1 after his ( now retroactively labelled ) Earth-2 debut.

Double-O Duck became a separate character to Launchpad ( who was kept as the sidekick ) and made into an egotist ' man of mystery ' and given an array of duck-headed vehicles after Batman and a motorcycle based on Judge Dredd's Lawmaster bike.

Among the many noted video game voice actors and actresses are Maaya Sakamoto ( the Japanese voice for the Final Fantasy XIII character Lightning ), Tatsuhisa Suzuki ( the voice of Noctis Lucis Caelum in Final Fantasy Versus XIII ), Troy Baker ( English Snow Villers, Joel, Batman in Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes ), Steve Downes and Jen Taylor ( Master Chief and Cortana from the Halo series ), Nolan North ( Nathan Drake from the Uncharted games and Desmond Miles from the Assassin's Creed game series ), Liam O ' Brien ( the voice of Caius Ballad in Final Fantasy XIII-2 and War in Darksiders ), and Jonell Elliott ( the voices of Lara Croft from 1999-2003 ).

Following the cancellation of the third Supergirl comic book series, starring the Linda Danvers version of the character, a modern version of Kara Zor-El was reintroduced into the DC Comics continuity in issue # 8 of the Superman / Batman comic book series titled " The Supergirl from Krypton " ( 2004 ).

" Wertham wrote, " Only someone ignorant of the fundamentals of psychiatry and of the psychopathology of sex can fail to realize a subtle atmosphere of homoeroticism which pervades the adventures of the mature ' Batman ' and his young friend ' Robin.

Another happened in the summer of 2005, when painter Mark Chamberlain displayed a number of watercolors depicting both Batman and Robin in suggestive and sexually explicit poses.

File: Children dressed as Batman and Robin, 1966. jpg | Children dressed as Batman and Robin, inspired by the campy hit Batman TV series ( 1966 )

DC Comics produces material featuring a large number of well-known characters, including Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Robin, Aquaman, Hawkman, Green Arrow, Martian Manhunter, Green Lantern and the Flash, along with superhero teams Justice Society, the Justice League, the Teen Titans, and the Doom Patrol as well as antagonists such as Lex Luthor, the Joker, the Riddler, Mr. Freeze, Catwoman, Sinestro, the Penguin, Poison Ivy, Two-Face, General Zod, Brainiac and Darkseid .< ref > Benton, Mike.

He is known for his roles in two Batman movies, Batman Forever and Batman & Robin, and has had minor roles in Saved by the Bell, Ally McBeal, McMillan & Wife, and various other series since the 1970s.

* In Issue # 3 ( January 1976, shortly after Monty Python began being broadcast in the U. S .) of the comic book title Batman Family the joint exploits of Batgirl ( Barbara Gordon ) and Robin ( Dick Grayson ) the story " Isle of a Thousand Thrills " borrowed the scenario of a land where anything anybody thinks of is quickly brought to life.

" They also had songs featured in the movies The X-Files film ( Fight the Future ), Batman and Robin, Tommy Boy and Spawn ( a song called " A Plane Scraped Its Belly on a Sooty Yellow Moon ", a collaboration with drum and bass artist Roni Size.

Some superheroes, especially those introduced in the 1940s, work with a young sidekick ( e. g., Batman and Robin, Captain America and Bucky ).

Batman, starring Adam West as the Caped Crusader and Burt Ward as his youthful sidekick Robin the Boy Wonder, helped establish ABC as a TV force with which to be reckoned.

In the early 1940s, the adventures of Batman and Robin appeared in daily newspapers.

After Batman saves her from a Mutant attack, 13-year-old Carrie Kelley buys herself a knock-off Robin costume, and searches for Batman to aid him.

Once home, Batman takes Carrie on as the new Robin despite the objections of his butler, Alfred.

Batman and Robin free her, and track the Joker to a county fair, where he has already murdered many people.

Batman and Robin train former Mutants and the Sons of the Batman in non-lethal fighting to stop looting and ensure the flow of needed supplies.

Some time afterward, Batman leads Robin, Green Arrow, and the rest of his followers into the caverns beyond the Batcave and prepares to continue his fight.

To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the graphic novel, in 1996, DC Direct released a limited edition statue of Robin aiming her slingshot with the guidance of Batman.