The Frankfurt years were particularly noteworthy for his performance of Berg's Wozzek soon after the Berlin premiere under Erich Kleiber, and the world premiere of Schonberg's Von heute auf morgen.

That this and the closing of the East Berlin-West Berlin border have not been accepted by the Western governments appears in notes which Britain, France, and the United States sent to Moscow after the latter's gratuitous protest over a visit of Chancellor Adenauer and other West German officials to West Berlin.

Berlin in ruins after World War II ( Potsdamer Platz, 1945 ).

Berlin was devastated by bombing raids during World War II, and many of the buildings that had remained after the war were demolished in the 1950s and 1960s in both West and East Berlin.

Beethoven was eager to have his work played in Berlin as soon as possible after finishing it, since he thought that musical taste in Vienna was dominated by Italian composers such as Rossini.

Soon after, Pasternak and Ivinskaya arranged for Doctor Zhivago to be smuggled abroad by Sir Isaiah Berlin.

* Amarna tablets ( Collection of 95 out of 382 tablets found, second greatest in the world after the Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin ( 203 tablets ) ( 1350 BC )

If the Americans tried to bargain with the Soviets after becoming aware of the missiles, Khrushchev could demand trading the missiles for West Berlin.

In 1993 it renamed to Alliance ' 90 / The Greens Berlin after the merger with East Berlin's Greens and Alliance ' 90.

The method is named after its inventor, the Danish scientist Hans Christian Gram ( 1850 – 1938 ), who developed the technique while working with Carl Friedländer in the morgue of the city hospital in Berlin.

Increasingly after 1815, a centralized Prussian government based in Berlin took over the powers of the nobles, which in terms of control over the peasantry had been almost absolute.

Devastation in Berlin after the Second World War, 1945

With a booming economy short of unskilled workers, especially after the Berlin Wall cut off the steady flow of East Germans, the FRG negotiated migration agreements with Italy ( 1955 ), Spain ( 1960 ), Greece ( 1960 ), and Turkey ( 1961 ) that brought in hundreds of thousands of temporary guest workers, called Gastarbeiter.

Zuse also claimed to have designed the first higher-level programming language, which he named Plankalkül, in 1945 ( published in 1948 ) although it was implemented for the first time in 2000 by a team around Raúl Rojas at the Free University of Berlin — five years after Zuse died.

Shortly after Ebbinghaus left Berlin in 1893, Dilthey published a paper extolling the virtues of descriptive psychology, and condemning experimental psychology as boring, claiming that the mind was too complex, and that introspection was the desired method of studying the mind.

In Berlin, he improved the methods he used in Wollstein, including staining and purification techniques and bacterial growth media, including agar plates ( thanks to the advice of Angelina and Walther Hesse ) and the Petri dish ( named after its inventor, his assistant Julius Richard Petri ).

He completed his Ph. D. thesis at the University of Freiburg in 1922 on the German Künstlerroman after which he moved back to Berlin, where he worked in publishing.

In 2003, after his ashes were rediscovered in the United States, they were buried in the Dorotheenstädtischer cemetery in Berlin.

He was underlining the support of the United States for West Germany 22 months after the Soviet-supported East Germany erected the Berlin Wall as a barrier to prevent movement between East and West.

Germany's capital, Berlin, was deep within the area controlled after World War II by the Soviet Union.

While initial talk existed of a race to Berlin by the Allies, after Stalin successfully lobbied for Eastern Germany to fall within the Soviet " sphere of influence " at Yalta, no plans were made by the Western Allies to seize the city by a ground operation.

After the capture of Berlin, Soviet troops reportedly raped from tens of thousands to two million women, and 50, 000 during and after the occupation of Budapest.

In 1448, citizens rebelled in the " Berlin Indignation " against the construction of a new royal palace by Frederick II Irontooth.

In addition, owing to the city's legal status, citizens of West Berlin were unable to vote in elections to the Bundestag, and were instead represented by 20 non-voting delegates, indirectly elected by the city's House of Representatives.

In his Addresses to the German Nation ( 1808 ), a series of speeches delivered in Berlin under French occupation, he urged the German peoples to " have character and be German "-- entailed in his idea of Germanness was antisemitism, since he argued that " making Jews free German citizens would hurt the German nation.

Unable to stop the growing civil unrest, Erich Honecker was forced to resign in October, and on 9 November, East German authorities unexpectedly allowed East German citizens to enter West Berlin and West Germany.

However, it was universally known as the Berlin Wall and the majority opinion was that its primary purpose was to keep East German citizens from escaping to the West.

Since the President was not literally from Berlin but only declaring his solidarity with its citizens, " Ich bin ein Berliner " was correct.

* 1848 – The March Revolution goes onin the German Confederation ; in Berlin a struggle between citizens and military occurs, costing ca.

Communist-controlled East Germany opens checkpoints in the Berlin Wall allowing its citizens to travel to West Germany.

It was not called that until 8 July 1831, but the area outside the Potsdam Gate began to develop in the early 19th century as a district of quiet villas, for as Berlin became even more congested, many of its richer citizens moved outside the customs wall and built spacious new homes around the trading post, along the newly developing boulevards, and around the southern edge of the Tiergarten.

In response to repeated Greek requests for return of the Elgin Marbles and similar requests to other museums around the world, in 2002, over 30 of the world's leading museums — including the British Museum, the Louvre, the Pergamon Museum in Berlin and the Metropolitan Museum in New York City — issued a joint statement declaring that " objects acquired in earlier times must be viewed in the light of different sensitivities and values reflective of that earlier era " and that " museums serve not just the citizens of one nation but the people of every nation ".

East Germany opens checkpoints in the Berlin Wall, allowing its citizens to travel freely to West Germany for the first time in decades ( November 17 celebrates Germans began tearing the wall down ).

Around 125 East German citizens were killed during this period while trying to cross the border into West Germany or West Berlin.

Additional problems growing out of the expanding relationship with West Germany included conflict between Bonn and East Berlin on the rights and privileges of West German news correspondents in East Germany ; the social unrest generated by the " two-currency " system, in which East German citizens who possessed West German D-marks were given the privilege of purchasing scarce luxury goods at special currency stores ( Intershops ); and the ongoing arguments over the issue of separate citizenship for the two German states, which the SED proclaimed but which the West German government refused to recognize as late as 1987.

As the first successful crossing of the border it helped pave the way for the mass flight of East German citizens that led to the fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989.

The 8 member Common Council is the elected body that represents the citizens of New Berlin.

The first NSK citizens congress was held in Berlin 2010.

The citizens of Berlin petitioned to have him restored, and owing to their repeated requests an exception to the edict was made for Gerhardt, although his conscience did not allow him to retain a post which, appeared to him, could only be held on condition of a tacit repudiation of the Formula of Concord.

The Berlin sector border was essentially a " loophole " through which East Bloc citizens could still emigrate.

Hence the Berlin sector border was essentially a " loophole " through which Eastern Bloc citizens could still escape.

These were then modified by forgers and given to underground Jews so they could pass as legal Berlin citizens.

On August 13, 1961 the communist East German government started to build a wall, physically separating West Berlin from East Berlin and the rest of East Germany, as a response to massive numbers of East German citizens fleeing into West Berlin as a way to escape to the west.