His successor, Frederick II Irontooth, established Berlin as capital of the margraviate, and subsequent members of the Hohenzollern family ruled until 1918 in Berlin, first as electors of Brandenburg, then as kings of Prussia, and eventually as German emperors.

With the dissolution of the German Confederation in 1866 and the founding of the German Empire ( Deutsches Reich ) in 1871, the Reichstag was established as the German parliament in Berlin.

While Scary Monsters utilised principles established by the Berlin albums, it was considered by critics to be far more direct musically and lyrically.

East Berlin comprised the eastern regions of Berlin and consisted of the Soviet sector of Berlin that was established in 1945.

Nevertheless, the three Western Allies eventually established embassies in East Berlin in the 1970s, although they never recognized it as the capital of East Germany.

Since reunification, the German government has spent vast amounts of money on reintegrating the two halves of the city and bringing services and infrastructure in the former East Berlin up to the standard established in West Berlin.

In grateful recognition of that fact, on the fiftieth anniversary ( May 16, 1866 ) of the date of Windischmann's preface to that work, a fund called Die Bopp-Stiftung, for the promotion of the study of Sanskrit and comparative grammar, was established at Berlin, to which liberal contributions were made by his numerous pupils and admirers in all parts of the globe.

The German Democratic Republic ( GDR ; German: Deutsche Demokratische Republik or DDR ), informally known as East Germany ( German: Ostdeutschland ), was a socialist state established by the Soviet Union in 1949 out of the Soviet zone of occupied Germany, including East Berlin of the Allied-occupied capital city.

* 1878 – League of Prizren is established, to oppose the decisions of the Congress of Berlin and the Treaty of San Stephano, as a consequence of which the Albanian lands in Balkans were being partitioned and given to the neighbor states of Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria and Greece.

First he approached the German emperor ; then more friendly relations were established with the courts of Italy and Russia by means of conferences at Berlin, Vienna, St Petersburg and Venice.

The Berlin Conference ( 1884 – 85 ) established regulations for the acquisition of African colonies ; in particular, it protected free trade in certain parts of the Congo basin.

On his return he established a private medical practice and small laboratory in Berlin-Steglitz, and in 1891 received a call from Robert Koch to join the staff at his Berlin Institute of Infectious Diseases, where in 1896 a new institute was established for Ehrlich ’ s specialization, the Institute for Serum Research and Testing ( Institut für Serumforschung und Serumprüfung ), whose director he became.

The Charité ( a hospital founded in 1710 ) in Berlin established a separate Paediatric Pavilion in 1830, followed by similar institutions at Saint Petersburg in 1834, and at Vienna and Breslau ( now Wrocław ), both in 1837.

The schools with the most-lasting effect in founding the modern versions of thermodynamics are the Berlin school, particularly as established in Rudolf Clausius ’ s 1865 textbook The Mechanical Theory of Heat, the Vienna school, with the statistical mechanics of Ludwig Boltzmann, and the Gibbsian school at Yale University, American engineer Willard Gibbs ' 1876 On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances launching chemical thermodynamics.

At the Berlin Conference of 1885, the fact that Kigoma had been established and supplied from Zanzibar and Bagamoyo led to the inclusion of East Africa into the territory of the Conventional Basin of the Congo, to Belgium's advantage.

At the table in Berlin, contrary to widespread perception, Africa was not partitioned ; rather, rules were established among the colonial powers and prospective colonial powers as how to proceed in the establishment of colonies and protectorates.

Over time, Oscar Wiesengrund's firm established close professional and personal ties with the factory of Karplus & Herzberger in Berlin.

The university was founded in 1811 and was modelled after the University of Copenhagen the recently established University of Berlin.

West Berlin consisted of the American, British, and French occupation sectors, which had been established in 1945.

In Germany, Richard Huelsenbeck established the Berlin group, whose members included Jean Arp, John Heartfield, Wieland Hertzfelde, Johannes Baader, Raoul Hausmann, George Grosz and Hannah Höch.

The President and his advisers felt that the time might have come to warn Premier Khrushchev against a grave miscalculation in areas such as Berlin, Iran or Latin America from which there would be no turning back.

* 1967 – Protests in West Berlin against the arrival of the Shah of Iran turn into riots, during which Benno Ohnesorg is killed by a police officer.

Protests turned into riots on 2 June 1967, when Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran, visited West Berlin.

** Protests in West Berlin against the arrival of the Shah of Iran turn into fights, during which 27-year-old Benno Ohnesorg is killed by a police officer.

Rashid Ali and the Mufti of Jerusalem fled to Iran, then Turkey, Italy, and finally Germany, where Ali was welcomed by Hitler as head of the Iraqi government-in-exile in Berlin.

Ronald Reagan is credited with increasing spending on national defense and diplomacy which contributed to the end of the Cold War, deploying U. S. Pershing II missiles in West Germany in response to the Soviet stationing of SS-20 missiles near Europe, negotiating the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty ( INF ) to substantially reduce nuclear arms and initiating negotiations with the Soviet Union for the treaty that would later be known as START I, proposing the Strategic Defense Initiative, a controversial plan to develop a missile defense system, re-appointing monetarists Paul Volcker and ( later ) Alan Greenspan to be chairmen of the Federal Reserve, ending the high inflation that damaged the economy under his predecessors Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford, lowering tax rates significantly ( under Reagan, the top personal tax bracket dropped from 70 % to 28 % in 7 years ) and leading a major reform of the tax system, providing arms and other support to anti-communist groups such as the Contras and the mujahideen, selling arms to foreign allies such as Taiwan, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq ( see Iran – Iraq War ), greatly escalating the " war on drugs " with his policies and Nancy Reagan's " Just Say No " campaign, ordering the April 14, 1986 bombing of Tripoli and Benghazi in retaliation for an April 5 bombing of a West Berlin nightclub frequented by U. S. servicemen, in which the Libyan government was deemed complicit, and signing the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 which compensated victims of the Japanese American Internment during World War II.

He continued to lived and work in Berlin, visiting Iran for the last time in 1993.

* Kampfendes Iran ( 1955, Berlin )

Jamalzadeh's major work Yeki Bud Yeki Nabud ( یکی بود یکی نبود-Once Upon a Time ), published in 1921 in Berlin, did not reach Iran until a year later, and when it did, it was not received favourably.

Shokof announced in his first press conference in Berlin on June 6, 2010 that he not only would continue to show the film ( s ) but that he would place the film Iran Zendan " on line " on global net for the whole world to be able to see the reality of the true face of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

** Iran, Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin

In a 2004 letter to Berlin mayor Klaus Wowereit, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad ( then mayor of Tehran ) objected to the commemorative plaque in front of the restaurant, calling it an insult to Iran.

Ganji took part in a conference in Berlin held by the Heinrich Boell Foundation under the title " Iran after the elections " held in the wake of the Majlis elections of February 2000 which resulted in a huge victory by reformist candidates.

In 2006, the one-year anniversary of the hangings in Mashhad was designated an International Day of Action Against Homophobic Persecution in Iran by OutRage !, with vigils planned for Amsterdam, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Fort Lauderdale, Frankfurt, London, Marseille, Mexico City, Moscow, New York, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle, Stockholm, Tehran, Toronto, Vancouver, Vienna, Warsaw, and Washington, D. C., and with hearings planned in the British House of Commons.

In 2001, Ali Afshari, one of the leaders of OSU, was sentenced to five years in jail: four years " for acting against national security by participating in the Berlin Conference, six months for establishing a crisis centre " in the OSU, and " six months for disseminating propaganda against the Islamic Republic of Iran.

In later years Sahabi was managing editor of the journal Iran-e Farda ( The Iran of Tomorrow ), which was banned by the Islamic government, and participated in the 2000 ' Iran After the Elections ' Conference held in Berlin, for which he was sentenced to four and a half years imprisonment.

Iran in Berlin.

* During 1926 the International Telegraph Communications Advisory Committee of the International Telecommunication Union met in Berlin and immortalised Baudot by designating the baud-shortened from his name-as the unit of telegraph transmission speed.

In 1936, Hitler invited Riefenstahl to film the Olympic Games in Berlin, a film which Riefenstahl claimed had been commissioned by the International Olympic Committee.

The West German Olympic Organizing Committee had encouraged an open and friendly atmosphere in the Olympic Village, to help erase memories of the militaristic image of wartime Germany and, specifically, of the 1936 Berlin Olympics, which had been exploited by Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler for propaganda purposes.

In 1961, Honecker, as the Central Committee secretary for security matters, was in charge of the building of the Berlin Wall.

In February 1933, a Central Committee meeting of the already banned KPD took place in Königs Wusterhausen at the " Sporthaus Ziegenhals ", near Berlin, where Thälmann called for the violent overthrow of Hitler's government.

The plenipotentiary of the German Government, namely Freiherr von Maltzan, Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs ; the plenipotentiary of the Socialist Soviet Republic of the Ukraine, namely, Herr Waldemar Aussem, Member of the Central Executive Committee for all Ukraine, and also the plenipotentiary of the Government of the Socialist Soviet Republic of White Russia, the Socialist Soviet Republic of Georgia, the Socialist Soviet Republic of Azerbaijan, the Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia, and the Republic of the Far East, namely Herr Nikolaus Krestinski, plenipotentiary and Ambassador of the Russian Socialist Soviet Republic in Berlin ; having communicated their full powers, which were found in good and due form, agreed to the following provisions:

Four years later he was barred from the 1932 Summer Olympics because the Dutch Olympic Committee was led by a member of the Dutch Nazi party, and he boycotted the 1936 Games in Berlin.

The next month, the head of the German Financial Regulator told the Bundestag Finance Committee that the failure of the " terrible " Depfa Bank, which was completely supervised by its Irish equivalent, lead to the collapse of its German parent which forced Berlin to bail it out at a cost of € 102 billion.

The Berlin Air Safety Centre ( BASC ) was established by the Allied Control Authority Coordinating Committee on the 12 December 1945.

From 1962 onward, he worked as a consultant for the Corporate Executive Committee of the Union of Science in Berlin, and, in 1965, was appointed deputy chief of the Freie Deutsche Jugend ( FDJ ) youth and student magazine, Forum.

The highlight of the Committee for the release of Rudolf Bahro organized " International Conference for and about Rudolf Bahro ", held 16 to 19 November 1978 in West Berlin and attended by over 2000 participants.

Carl Diem ( born June 24, 1882, Würzburg – December 17, 1962, Cologne ) was a German sports administrator, and as Secretary General of the Organizing Committee of the Berlin Olympic Games, the chief organizer of the 1936 Olympic Summer Games ( sometimes referred to as the " Nazi Olympics ").

In May 1932, again largely due to the reputation and lobbying efforts of Diem and Lewald, Berlin was selected to host the 1936 summer games ; Diem was named Secretary General of the Organizing Committee.

His partner Theodor Lewald, who had been removed by the Nazis from his post as President of the German Sports Body in 1933 because his paternal grandmother was Jewish, was appointed president of the Organizing Committee of the Berlin Olympic Games by the leader of the Nazi Sports Body, Hans von Tschammer und Osten.

Diem's old friend Avery Brundage, president of the American Olympic Committee, was dispatched to appraise the facts ; in Berlin, Diem convinced Brundage that Jews were not being excluded, though he likely knew otherwise.

As decided by the Executive Committee the Workers ' and Soldiers ' Councils in the whole Empire sent deputies to Berlin who were to convene on 16 December in the Circus Busch for the " First General Convention of Workers ' and Soldiers ' Councils " ( Erster Allgemeiner Kongress der Arbeiter-und Soldatenräte ).

While on Ebert's orders more troops were moving into Berlin, he accepted an offer by the USPD to mediate between him and the Revolutionary Committee.

* International Law Association Water Resources Committee ( 2004 ), Final Report presented at the Association's 2004 Conference in Berlin

Furthermore, the International Olympic Committee decided, between Berlin and Barcelona, to choose Berlin for the 1936 Olympic Games.

In 1914-1918 he was Associate Professor of the Berlin University and Chairman of the Committee of Independent Georgia.

Brundage, who was president of the United States Olympic Committee in 1936, had made no objections against Nazi salutes during the Berlin Olympics.

United States Olympic Committee president Avery Brundage requested, during or shortly after the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, that a system be established to examine female athletes.

During the 1912 Summer Olympics, the city of Berlin was designated by the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) to host the 1916 Summer Olympics.

In 1931, the International Olympic Committee made Berlin the host city of the 11th Summer Olympics.