Discoveries recently made of old Biblical manuscripts in Hebrew and Greek and other ancient writings, some by the early church fathers, in themselves called for a restudy of the Bible.

In addition to languages spoken today, Afroasiatic includes several ancient languages, such as Ancient Egyptian, Akkadian, and Biblical Hebrew.

Today, Biblical Aramaic, Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialects and the Aramaic language of the Talmud are written in the Hebrew alphabet.

Abijah ( אביה ' aḆiYaH ) or Abiah or Abia, modern Hebrew Aviya, is a Biblical unisex name that means " my Father is Yahweh ".

At first this interest drew him to the study of Biblical Hebrew, but he studied the indigenous languages of Mesoamerica on his own.

Inspired by the esoteric work La langue hebraïque restituée by Antoine Fabre d ' Olivet, he began a semantic and grammatical analysis of Biblical Hebrew.

The book is written in a complex and poetic Hebrew ( apart from verse 10: 11, curiously written in Biblical Aramaic ).

Biblical Literacy: The Most Important People, Events, and Ideas of the Hebrew Bible.

The English Biblical scholar Robert Henry Charles ( 1855 – 1931 ) reasoned on internal textual grounds that the book was edited by someone who spoke no Hebrew and who wished to promote a different theology from John's.

The Book of Ruth (; Sephardic, Israeli Hebrew: ; Ashkenazi Hebrew: ; Biblical Hebrew: Megilath Ruth " the Scroll of Ruth ") is one of the books of the Hebrew Bible, Tanakh, or Old Testament.

Christians accept the Written Torah and other books of the Hebrew Bible as Scripture, although they generally give readings from the Koine Greek Septuagint translation instead of the Biblical Hebrew / Biblical Aramaic Masoretic Text.

Christians refer to the Biblical books about Jesus as the New Testament, and to the canon of Hebrew books as the Old Testament, terms associated with Supersessionism.

In the 9th or 10th century, Yehuda Ibn Quraysh compared the phonology and morphology of Hebrew, Aramaic, and Arabic, but attributed this resemblance to the Biblical story of Babel, with Abraham, Isaac and Joseph retaining Adam's language, with other languages at various removes becoming more altered from the original Hebrew.

Other examples of late Biblical Hebrew include the qetAl pattern form nouns, which would have dated after an Aramaic influence, the frequent use of the relative sh (- ש ) alongside asher ( אשר ), the Ut ending ( ות -), the frequent use of the participle for the present ( which is later developed in Rabbinic Hebrew ), using the prefix conjugation in the future ( vs. the older preterite use ), and terms that appear to specifically fit a Persian / Hellenistic context ( e. g. Shallit ).

Hence the Biblical " Galilee of the Nations ", Hebrew " galil goyim "( Isaiah 9: 1 ).

History, Historiography and Interpretation: Studies in Biblical and Cuneiform Literatures, Magnes Press, Hebrew University pp. 21 – 35.

It was possibly influenced by the Aramaic and Arabic languages, and in some cases by Sephardi Hebrew, although some linguists maintain that it is the direct heir of Biblical Hebrew and thus represents the true dialect of Hebrew.

To you, for instance, the word innocence, in this connotation, probably retained its Biblical, or should I say technical sense, and therefore I suppose I must make myself quite clear by saying that I lost -- or rather handed over -- what you would have considered to be my innocence two weeks before I was legally entitled, and in fact by oath required, to hand it over along with what other goods and bads I had.

The etymology is uncertain, but a strong candidate has long been some word related to the Biblical פוך ( pūk ), " paint " ( if not that word itself ), a cosmetic eye-shadow used by the ancient Egyptians and other inhabitants of the eastern Mediterranean.

Many Jews view Christians as having quite an ambivalent view of the Torah, or Mosaic law: on one hand Christians speak of it as God's absolute word, but on the other, they apply its commandments with a certain selectivity ( compare Biblical law in Christianity ).

After Montag starts to rip a few pages from the beginning of a rare copy of The New Testament ( one of the few left that actually contains God's word, rather than the bastardized versions that have Jesus and other Biblical characters shilling products ), Faber relents and teaches Montag about the importance of literature in its attempt to explain human existence.

* The default word order in Biblical Hebrew is VSO, while Modern Hebrew is SVO.

Azymes is an archaic English word for matzah, derived from the Koine Greek word " ἄζυμος " ( ázymos: " unleavened ") for unfermented bread in Biblical times.

Biblical scholars often trace the word to the Semitic root p-l-š () which means " to divide ", " go through ", " to roll in ", " cover ", or " invade ".

There are longer phrases that are typical of Rabbinic Hebrew in word order and are different from Biblical Hebrew.

Early on, this vocabulary of refined behaviour began to work its way into English: the word ' debonaire ' appears in the 1137 Peterborough Chronicle ; so too does ' castel ' ( castle ) which appears in the above Biblical quotation, another import of the Normans, who made their mark on the English language as much as on the territory of England itself.

The word " Israelite " derives from the Biblical Hebrew word " Israel ".

Midrashim ) is a Hebrew word referring to a method of reading details into, or out of, a Biblical text.

The first word of each Biblical book is also as a rule surrounded by notes.

The word sanctuary is also used for the Biblical tabernacle, as well as the phrase the " tent of meeting ".

" In 1768 David Ruhnken ( Critical History of the Greek Orators ) recast the mold of the view of the classical by applying the word canon to the pinakes of orators, after the Biblical canon or list of authentic books of the Bible.

As noted, in the above-quoted Rabbinical literature the meaning of the word "" shifted the Biblical meaning of " a people " which could be applied to the Hebrews / Jews as to others into meaning " a people other than the Jews ".

Eissfeldt identified the site as a tophet, using a Hebrew word of previously unknown meaning connected to the burning in some Biblical passages.

Although the word does not have specific religious connotation, the word has been used by a variety of contemporary and ancient sources, including Biblical authors and Christian authors.

Saint Thomas Aquinas spoke of the name " Mary ," which served to indicate who was the " full of grace " person mentioned, as the only word added at his time to the Biblical text.

Many Biblical scholars, especially Roman Catholic and other non-Protestant Christians, consider this to be a flawed translation of a word meaning " stewardship ", which would indicate that mankind should take care of the earth and its various forms of life, but is not inherently better than any other form of life.

Purim ( Hebrew: Pûrîm " lots ", from the word pur, related to Akkadian pūru ) is a Jewish holiday that commemorates the deliverance of the Jewish people in the ancient Persian Empire from destruction in the wake of a plot by Haman, a story recorded in the Biblical Book of Esther ( Megillat Esther ).

Biblical scholars believe Bethlehem, located in the " hill country " of Judah, may be the same as the Biblical Ephrath, which means " fertile ", as there is a reference to it in the Book of Micah as Bethlehem Ephratah.

' Let us obey the Biblical injunction: you of course, have the choice of natural means ; but as for me, I am afraid that there is no course open to me but the scientific way.

Readers accustomed to identifying poetry with Dante, Goethe, Mickiewicz and Rumi may think of it as written in lines based on rhyme and regular meter ; however, there are traditions, such as Biblical poetry, that use other means to create rhythm and euphony.

The Greek form of the name Babylon is from the native Akkadian Bāb-ilim, which means " Gate of the god ", which summarizes the religious purpose of the great temple towers ( the ziggurats ) of ancient Sumer ( Biblical Shinar ).

Although Petra is usually identified with Sela which means a rock, the Biblical references refer to it as " the cleft in the rock ", referring to its entrance.

In the Biblical account, earlier regulations had specified that property was to be inherited by heirs who were male, but the daughters were the only children of their now deceased father, and so they came to the door of the Tent of Meeting and asked Moses, Eleazer, the tribal chieftains, and the rest of the congregation, for advice on what was to be done, as there were no obvious male heirs ; in the Talmud, opinions vary as to whether this means that the daughters petitioned all of these groups at the same time, with them gathered together, or if it means that the daughters first petitioned the congregation, then the chieftains, then Eleazar, and finally petitioned Moses.

In Biblical Hebrew that Semitic root means literally to settle, inhabit, or dwell, and is used frequently in the Hebrew Bible.

Deucalion, with the aid of his father Prometheus, was saved from this deluge by building a chest ( literally “ chest ” like the Bible's “ ark ,” which means “ box ”) Like his Biblical equivalent Noah and Mesopotamian counterpart Utnapishtim, he uses his chest to survive the deluge with his wife, Pyrrha.

In that particular context, the term " Rûm " is used in preference to " Ionani " or " Yāvāni " which means " European-Greek " or Ionian in Classical Arabic and Biblical Hebrew.

The idea that Christians should actively support a Jewish return to the Land of Israel, along with the parallel idea that the Jews ought to be encouraged to become Christian, as a means fulfilling a Biblical prophecy has been common in Protestant circles since the Reformation.

According to the 19th-century language scholar, Johann Heinrich Hübschmann, the name " Nakhichavan " in Armenian literally means " the place of descent ", a Biblical reference to the descent of Noah's Ark on the adjacent Mount Ararat.

According to the great Biblical commentator Rashi, Kiryat Arba (" Town of Arba ") means either the town ( kirya ) of Arba, the giant who had three sons, or the town of the four giants: Anak ( the son of Arba ) and his three sons-Ahiman, Sheshai and Talmi-who are described as being the sons of a " giant " in: " On the way through the Negev, they ( Joshua and Caleb ) came to Hebron where saw Ahiman, Sheshai and Talmi, descendants of the Giant ( ha-anak )..." Some say that Anak (" Giant ", see Anak ) is a proper name ( Targum Jonathan and the Septuagint ), and that he, Anak, may have been the father of the three others mentioned in the Book of Numbers as living in Hebron, previously known as " Kiryat Arba.

Biblical scholars regard the triconsonantal root of hawah ( הוה ), as a more likely origin for the name Yahweh ( יהוה ); hawah literally means blow / fall, and thus Yahweh would be he who blows / he who certain things fall, suggesting the interpretation of a storm deity.

The Biblical law regarding Passover is said to be a " perpetual ordinance " (), to some degree also applicable to Proselytes (), but what it means to observe Biblical law in Christianity is disputed.

While according to the Israeli Ministry of the Interior, " Efrata " is the quotation from the Biblical verse, and therefore the town's name, Efrata's residents and municipality have maintained for many years that the reference isn't the location's name, but rather means " towards Efrat ".

KA Kitchen takes a middle position noting that Biblical Aramaic is most similar to Imperial Aramaic between 600 – 330BC but that in no way means it could not have been written as late as 170BC.

According to the Torah, Merari was one of the sons of Levi, and the patriarchal founder of the Merarites, one of the four main divisions among the Levites in Biblical times ; the Hebrew word Merari means sad / bitter.

Geonim is the plural of גאון ( Gaon ), which means " pride " or " splendour " in Biblical Hebrew and since the 19th century " genius " as in modern Hebrew.

Essentially, the kanon is an hymnodic complex composed of nine odes which were originally attached to the nine Biblical canticles and to which they were related by means of corresponding poetic allusion or textual quotation.