The first demonstration of such " inverse opal " structures came in 2000 by researchers at the University of Toronto, Canada.

In the aftermath of the 1989 budget, which saw a fillibuster by Liberal Senators in attempt to kill legislation creating the Goods and Services Tax, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney " stacked " the Senate by creating additional seats in several provinces across Canada, including New Brunswick ; however, there was no attempt by these provinces to increase the number of MPs to reflect this change in Senate representation.

The remaining acts dealt with a variety of topics, though the majority were concerned with modifying the representation in Parliament or in the Senate of Canada as the country enlarged and changed 1915, 1943, 1946, 1952, 1974, 1975, 1975 ( No. 2 ), adding the newer Provinces of Manitoba, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Newfoundland.

This Act gave parliament the authority to allow the Territories of Canada to have representation in the Canadian Senate and Canadian House of Commons.

Their separate legislatures were combined into a single parliament with equal representation for both constituent parts, even if Lower Canada had more population.

As of the May 2011 there was only one Federal elected member of the Green Party in Canada, Elizabeth May, and there remains no representation in the United States.

In the United States and Canada, there are also Prelacies and Dioceses that are related to the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, so there is duality of representation of Armenian Apostolic churches in these two countries.

As a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1858 to 1864, he was closely associated with George Brown and served as Provincial Secretary ( 1858 ) and Postmaster-General ( 1863 – 1864 ) in pre-Confederation government ( the John Sandfield Macdonald administration ) and was also an avid supporter of " representation by population ".

Influenced by the burgeoning Reform movement in England, he also began calling for a review of representation in Upper Canada.

Borden responded by pointing out that since Canada had lost a far larger proportion of its men compared to the U. S. in the war ( although fewer in absolute numbers ), Canada at least had the right to the representation of a " minor " power.

Though Upper Canada College has accepted ethnic minorities since the first black student enrolled in 1831, their representation within the student body was initially disproportionate to the same within the city's population.

A well-known advocate of proportional representation, he is a member of the National Advisory Board of Fair Vote Canada and has been a guest speaker at their conferences.

In Lower Canada, Louis-Joseph Papineau demanded representation by population and the recall of the union the minute he entered the new parliament of the united Canadas.

Many politicians in Canada West began to lobby for representation by population as they no longer considered the equal representation mandated by the Act of Union to be just.

The committee had concerns stemming from the Steve Moore incident and Bertuzzi's probationary status, but subsequently approved his representation of Canada at the Olympics.

In Canada, each political party with representation in the House of Commons has a House Leader who is a front bench Member of Parliament ( MP ) and an expert in parliamentary procedure.

... These Commissioners ' instructions imply refusal, of those who prepared them, to listen heedfully to any representation of the many grievances either Canada has to complain of.

Members are chosen to ensure fair representation of gender, the two official languages, the various regions and cultures of Canada, and the various types of artistic and scholarly disciplines.

Politicians of Canada West begin to argue for representation by population (' rep by pop ').

In addition to applying to single-winner voting systems ( such as used in the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada ), a split vote can occur in proportional representation methods that use election thresholds, such as in Germany, New Zealand and Turkey.

: This badge commemorates Lord Strathcona's role in the fur trade and in the settlement of North West Canada ( as the province of Alberta was called prior to 1905 ) by its representation of a Hudson's Bay Company trade canoe, the flag ' NW ' ( for " North West "), and the representation of the railway construction tools.

Some of these parties had already achieved some small success in attaining seats in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, though the 1982 general election had seen Social Credit, the Alberta Reform Movement and the Western Canada Concept lose their representation in the Legislature.

It hit number 1 in the UK singles chart in April 1972, spending 24 weeks total on the charts, topped the RPM national singles chart in Canada for three weeks, and rose as high as number 11 in the U. S. It is also a controversial instrumental, as it combined pipes with a military band.

However, for Young Religious Unitarian Universalists ( YRUU ) programming in Canada, the " Central " and " Eastern " regions are combined to form a youth region known as " QuOM " ( Quebec, Ontario and the Maritimes ), giving the youth only three regions for their activities.

In 2004, after a Fox U. S. executive said there were no plans to create the combined channel, the CRTC approved an application to bring Fox News to Canada.

In Canada, Italian is the second most spoken non-official language when Chinese dialects are not combined, with over 660, 000 speakers ( or about 2. 1 % of the population ) according to the 2006 Census.

Because the territorial boundary line between the U. S. and Canada ran through the middle of Lake Erie and then up the Detroit River, combined with the prevailing belief regarding the location of the southern tip of Lake Michigan, the framers of the 1802 Ohio Constitution believed it was the intent of Congress that Ohio's northern boundary should certainly be north of the mouth of the Maumee River, and possibly even of the Detroit River.

Joe Clark returned as leader, but the schism with the Reformers effectively watered down the combined Blue and Red Tory vote in Canada.

The combined bodies of water including Puget Sound, the Straits of Georgia and Juan de Fuca, were recognized collectively as the Salish Sea, by the United States in 2009 and by Canada in 2010.

The provinces of Lower Canada and Upper Canada were combined as the United Province of Canada in 1841, when The Union Act came into force.

In 1867, the colonies of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada ( the southern portion of modern-day Ontario and Quebec ) combined to form a self-governing dominion, named Canada, within the British Empire.

* Province of Canada combined the colonies of Quebec ( Lower Canada ) and Ontario ( Upper Canada ) from 1841 to 1867.

The Minister of Justice and Attorney General are combined into one cabinet position in Canada.

* École / Collège régional Gabrielle-Roy, a French-language combined elementary and high school in Île-des-Chênes, Manitoba, Canada

* École Gabrielle-Roy, a French-language combined elementary and high school in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada

Among the exceptions are the Kupresak triplets of Mississauga, Ontario, Canada ; their combined weight at birth in 2008, of 17 lbs, 2. 7 ounces, set a world record.

In the Canada 2006 Census, the three territories posted a combined population of over 100, 000 people for the first time in Canadian history.

Over 3. 2 million printed volumes combined with online access to more than 300, 000 full-text electronic journals and more than 700 electronic databases are available at the U of C. As of 2006, the library system is the sixth largest, by the number of volumes held, in Canada.

Bichon Frise in ( combined ) UK and USA / Canada surveys had an average life span of about 12 – 13 years, with Bichon Frises in the UK tending to live longer than Bichon Frises in the US / Canada.

Since early 2000s, large numbers of Iraqis immigrants settled in Södertälje and the city has taken more Iraqi immigrants than the United States and Canada combined, even though these countries have a combined population of around 335 million.

`` We were on our vacation in Canada '', Howard explained, in a muffled voice that must have been used to booming, `` and the news didn't catch up with us till we were nearly home.

This happy, always smiling lad with the sunny disposition is our new Junior Mr. Canada -- Henri De Courcy.

Other posts would be established up the Ohio and Wabash to protect communication with Canada.

Canada alone has been somewhat out of step with the Oslo attempt to get all the allied cars back on the track behind the NATO locomotive.

Born Joseph Aloysius Dwan in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Dwan moved with his family to the United States when he was 11 years old.

True anthropology began with a Government department: the Geological Survey of Canada, and George Mercer Dawson ( director in 1895 ).

It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait.

alt = Map displaying a looping line with arrows indicating that water flows eastward in the far Southern ocean, angling north east of Australia, turning sough after passing Alaska, then crossing the mid-Pacific to flow north of Australia, continuing west below Africa, then turning northwest until reaching eastern Canada, then angling east to southern Europe, then finally turning south just below Greenland and flowing down the Americas ' eastern coast, and resuming its flow eastward to complete the circle

In contrast, the largest North American community north of the circle, Sisimiut ( Greenland ), has approximately 5, 000 inhabitants, while between Canada and the USA, Barrow, Alaska is the largest settlement with circa 4, 000 inhabitants.

In response, the American Episcopal Church and the Anglican Church of Canada answered that the actions had been undertaken after lengthy scriptural and theological reflection, legally in accordance with their own canons and constitutions and after extensive consultation with the provinces of the Communion.

In 1787 a bishop of Nova Scotia was appointed with a jurisdiction over all of British North America ; in time several more colleagues were appointed to other cities in present-day Canada.

Azerbaijan currently has diplomatic relations with 160 countries: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, the People's Republic of China, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Kuwait, Libya, Luxembourg, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Qatar, Republic of India, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uzbekistan and Vietnam.

Countries where ASL or a derivative of ASL is the national or a widespread language include Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana ( with BSL ), Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, the Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d ' Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Kenya ( minority use ), Liberia, Madagascar ( minority use ), Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Philippines ( L2 use ), Puerto Rico, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Trinidad and Tobago, Togo, and Zimbabwe ( with ZSL ).

* 1818 – The United States Senate ratifies the Rush-Bagot Treaty, establishing the border with Canada.

* 1938 – The Thousand Islands Bridge, connecting New York, United States with Ontario, Canada over the Saint Lawrence River, is dedicated by U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

The U. S. experienced tense relations with Britain and its colonial government in Canada in the aftermath of the Civil War.

In Canada, where the Act of Settlement is now a part of Canadian constitutional law, Tony O ' Donohue, a Canadian civic politician, took issue with the provisions that exclude Roman Catholics from the throne, and which make the monarch of Canada the Supreme Governor of the Church of England, requiring him or her to be an Anglican.

Also, the court pointed out that, while Canada has the power to amend the line of succession to the Canadian throne, the Statute of Westminster stipulates that the agreement of the governments of the fifteen other Commonwealth realms that share the Crown would first have to be sought if Canada wished to continue its relationship with these countries.

Acadia University is a predominantly undergraduate university located in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada with some graduate programs at the master's level and one at the doctoral level.