In this connection, it has been observed that the increasing number of Irish Catholics, priests and laity, in England, while certainly seen as good for Catholicism, is nevertheless a source of embarrassment for some of the more nationalistic English Catholics, especially when these Irishmen offer to remind their Christian brethren of this good.

Some Christian denominations hold that salvation depends upon transformational faith in Jesus, which expresses itself in good works as a testament ( or witness ) to ones faith for others to see ( primarily Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Roman Catholicism ), while others ( including most Protestants ) hold that faith alone is necessary for salvation.

Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, and the Church of the East teach that the reality ( the " substance ") of the elements of bread and wine is wholly changed into the literal body and blood of Jesus Christ, while the appearances ( the " species ") remain.

Copleston's family was Anglican ( his uncle, Reginald Stephen Copleston, was a bishop of Calcutta ), but he converted to Roman Catholicism while a pupil at Marlborough College, and became a Jesuit in 1929.

In 1923 – 24, Himmler, while searching for a world view, moved away from Catholicism and furthered his interest both in the occult and in antisemitism.

The majority ( roughly two thirds ) of Latvians, under Swedish influences, adopted Lutheranism, while the minority ( the remaining third ) of Latvians under Poland-Lithuania, Latgale in particular, retained their Catholicism.

For a general rule, in Roman Catholicism, monks and nuns are called brother or sister, while in Orthodox Christianity, they are called father or mother.

The marriage was unpopular with the English ; Gardiner and his allies opposed it on the basis of patriotism, while Protestants were motivated by a fear of Catholicism.

For example, some Conversos developed a sort of cult for martyr-victims of the Spanish Inquisition, thus incorporating elements of Catholicism while resisting it.

Generally, the Tories were associated with lesser gentry and the Church of England, while Whigs were more associated with trade, money, larger land holders ( or " land magnates "), expansion and tolerance of Catholicism.

The Visigoths, Ostrogoths, and Vandals were Christianized while they were still outside the bounds of the Roman Empire ; however, they converted to Arianism rather than to orthodox Catholicism, and were soon regarded as heretics.

The gentry with time started to adopt Catholicism while the common people by large remained faithful to Eastern Orthodoxy.

Astaire's mother was born in the United States to Lutheran German immigrants from East Prussia and Alsace, while Astaire's father was born in Linz, Austria, to Jewish parents who had converted to Catholicism.

For example, while Templeton's Roman Catholicism embraces the hierarchical trappings of the Church, Larry's proclivities tend towards the 13th century Flemish mystic and saint John of Ruysbroeck.

Paris ' capitulation encouraged the same of many other towns, while others returned to support the crown after Pope Clement VIII absolved Henry, revoking his excommunication in return for the publishing of the Tridentine Decrees, the restoration of Catholicism in Béarn, and appointing only Catholics to high office.

There was little longing for Roman Catholicism, Baltic Prussian and Prussian Lithuanian peasants continued to practice pagan customs in some areas, for example adhering to beliefs in Perkūnas ( Perkunos ), symbolised by the goat buck, Potrimpos, and Pikullos ( Patollu ) while " consuming the roasted flesh of a goat ".

The English-speaking minority mostly adhered to the Church of Ireland or to Presbyterianism, while the Irish-speaking majority remained faithful to the Latin liturgy of Roman Catholicism, which remained by far the majority denomination in Ireland.

This led to a lengthy dispute over succession to the various territories before the partition of 1614: the Count Palatine of Neuburg, who had converted to Catholicism, annexed Jülich and Berg ; while Cleves and Mark fell to John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg, who subsequently also became Duke of Prussia.

The Jesuits argued that Chinese folk religion and offerings to the Emperor and departed ancestors were civil in nature and therefore not incompatible with Catholicism, while their opponents argued that these kinds of worship were a normal expression of local religion and therefore they should be incompatible for Chinese Christians.

On the issue of Church's Autocephaly and his role as king within the Church, Otto was overwhelmed by the arcana of Orthodox Church doctrine and popular discontent with his Roman Catholicism ( while the Queen was Protestant ).

The central figure, the woman, was nicknamed " Māra " after the ancient Latvian goddess of motherhood, fertility, and the earth ( see: Māra ), while the cross in her outstretched arm symbolizes the deep importance of Catholicism to Latgalian culture and complements the pagan symbol " Māra ".

Her deathbed conversion to Roman Catholicism surprised many, including Wellington, who remarked that while she was greatly afraid of death he had thought her incapable of believing in the afterlife.

The term crypto-Jew is also used to describe descendants who maintain some Jewish traditions of their ancestors, often secretly, while publicly adhering to other faiths, most commonly Catholicism.

Having converted to Roman Catholicism while in prison, Mildred Gillars then went to live at the Our Lady of Bethlehem Convent in Columbus, Ohio, and taught German, French, and music at St. Joseph Academy, Columbus.

This concept became a key element of the meaning of " emperor " in the Byzantine and Orthodox east, but went out of favor with in the west with the rise of Roman Catholicism.

There are, however, important unresolved doctrinal differences separating Roman Catholicism and Methodism, which include " the nature and validity of the ministry of those who preside at the Eucharist, the precise meaning of the Eucharist as the sacramental ‘ memorial ’ of Christ ’ s saving death and resurrection, the particular way in which Christ is present in Holy Communion, and the link between eucharistic communion and ecclesial communion.

At about the same time that Calvinists and Arminians were debating the meaning of grace in Protestantism, in Catholicism a similar debate was taking place between the Jansenists and the Jesuits.

In western Catholicism, canonical hours may also be called offices, since they refer to the official set of prayer of the Roman Catholic Church that is known variously as the Divine Office ( from the Latin officium divinum meaning " divine service " or " divine duty "), and the Opus Dei ( meaning in Latin, " Work of God ").

They may also describe themselves as Hiaki Nation or Pascua Hiaki, meaning " The Easter People ", as most had converted to Catholicism under Jesuit influence in colonial Mexico.

In Roman Catholicism and the Church of England, the word " lychgate " refers to a covered area at the entrance to the cemetery where the casket awaits the clergy before proceeding into the cemetery for proper burial, lych being a word derived from Old English lic meaning " body " or " corpse ".

Roman Catholicism employs the liturgical Latin phrase Ora Pro Nobis, meaning pray for us, and does not teach adherents to pray to saints or worship saints, but rather asks those saints to pray for them.

According to Roman Catholicism, a venial sin ( meaning " forgivable " sin ) is a lesser sin that does not result in a complete separation from God and eternal damnation in Hell.

Cyril taught that being " anointed with the Holy anointing oil < nowiki ></ nowiki > of God " was the sign of a Christian ( Christos means " anointed "), and a physical representation of having the Gift of the Holy Spirit ( Holy Ghost ), and it retains this meaning in Catholicism and Orthodoxy today.

They argue that Dollfuss was interested in a renaissance of Catholicism rather than in a totalitarian state, meaning that he wanted to return to the time before the ideas of the French Revolution of 1789 took hold.

In the English language, " sacred tradition " is more likely to be used in reference to Roman Catholicism and " holy tradition " in reference to Eastern Orthodoxy, although the two terms are interchangeable in meaning.

Outside of Catholicism, clericalism is used to denote the divisions between ordained clergy and lay leaders in some churches while the older meaning of the term — an application of church-based theory or thought to secular issues — seems rather lost in most current uses of the term.

Deuterocanonical is a term coined in 1566 by the theologian Sixtus of Siena, who had converted to Catholicism from Judaism, to describe scriptural texts of the Old Testament considered canonical by the Catholic Church, but which are not present in the Hebrew Bible, and which had been omitted by some early canon lists, especially in the East.

Today the term " priest " is used in Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Anglicanism, and some branches of Lutheranism to refer to those who have been ordained to a ministerial position through receiving the sacrament of Holy Orders, although " presbyter " is also used.

Because the river is identified with Rome, the term " swimming the Tiber " has come to be the Protestant shorthand term for converting to Roman Catholicism.

Within Christianity, especially in Eastern Christianity and formerly in Western Roman Catholicism, the term cleric refers to any individual who has received the clerical tonsure, including deacons, priests, and bishops.

* Eparchy, a term in Eastern Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, and the Assyrian Church of the East

The term frankolevantinika properly refers to the use of the Latin script to write Greek in the cultural ambit of Catholicism.

Integralism is a term also used to describe an " anti-pluralist " trend of Catholicism ; the Catholic Integralism born of mid-19th century Italy was a movement to assert a Catholic underpinning to all social and political action, and to minimize or eliminate any competing ideological actors, such as Marxism or secular humanism.

The term gained national prominence during the 1928 presidential campaign when many Southern voters disliked several items on Democratic candidate Al Smith's platform, as well as his Catholicism, but voted for him regardless.

On Aristotle, term logic, and Roman Catholicism, see Copleston's A History of Philosophy.

Though adherents of Eastern Catholicism are fully part of the Catholic communion, most do not to use the term " Roman Catholic " to describe themselves, associating that name instead with members of the Latin Church.

Most Catholics are unaware of the existence of Old Catholicism which represents a relatively recent split from the Catholic Church and is particularly vocal in rejecting their use of the term Catholic.

The term is sometimes contrasted with Little Irelander, a derogatory term for an Irish person who is seen as excessively nationalistic, Anglophobic and xenophobic, sometimes also practicing a strongly conservative form of Roman Catholicism.

Historian Walter Laqueur found the term ' clerical fascism ' mentioned earlier, even before Mussolini's March on Rome ( October 1922 ), referring to " a group of Catholic believers in Northern Italy who advocated a synthesis of Catholicism and fascism ".

In Roman Catholicism, cultus or cult is the technical term for devotions or veneration extended to a particular saint.

The term is often used to describe Anglican churches using a number of ritual practices associated in the popular mind with Roman Catholicism.

In contemporary Roman Catholicism, the term " high church " is sometimes used principally for liturgical distinctions, of which there are many variations.

A " lapsed Catholic " who has stopped practising the faith ( going to Mass or confession or carry out other practices of Catholicism ) is not necessarily an " ex-Catholic ", a term that would apply instead to someone who no longer identifies as Catholic or has adopted a new religion or no religion.

Emphasizing intense opposition to sending an Anglican bishop to the colonies, and anger at the pro-Catholic Quebec Act of 1774, Kidd argues that they reflected the long term impact of the Great Awakening, in terms of apocalyptic warnings religious egalitarianism, and anti ‐ Catholicism.

The East-West Schism, known also as the Great Schism ( though this latter term sometimes refers to the later Western Schism ), was the event that divided Christianity into Western Catholicism and Greek Eastern Orthodoxy, following the dividing line of the Empire in Western Latin-speaking and Eastern Greek-speaking parts.

Anti-Catholicism is a generic term for discrimination, hostility or prejudice directed against Catholicism, and especially against the Catholic Church, its clergy or its adherents.

The term also applies to the religious persecution of Catholics or to a " religious orientation opposed to Catholicism.