The initial developments in electroacoustic music composition during the 20th century are associated with the activities of the Groupe de Recherches Musicales at the ORTF in Paris, the home of musique concrete, the Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk ( NWDR ) studio in Cologne, where the focus was on the composition of elektronische Musik, and the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center in New York, where tape music, electronic music, and computer music were all explored.

Physicist Werner Meyer-Eppler had been inspired by Homer Dudley's 1948 invention of the Vocoder and began in 1951 to work with a device known as a Melochord, in conjunction with magnetic tape recorders, leading to a decade of working at the Cologne school specializing in " elektronische Musik " using magnetic tape recorders, sine wave generators and serial composition techniques.

He was educated at the Hochschule für Musik Köln and the University of Cologne, and later studied with Olivier Messiaen in Paris, and with Werner Meyer-Eppler at the University of Bonn.

From 1984 he was Professor of Composition at the Staatliche Hochschule für Musik in Cologne, where his students have included Volker Staub, Caspar Johannes Walter, Juan Maria Solare, Josef Rebbe, Branimir Krstic and many other composers & improvisors.

The first performance was by Michele Marelli ( corno di bassetto ) on 12 October 2000 in the Aula Magna of the Hochschule für Musik at Cologne, opening the festival for the 35th anniversary of the School's Studio for Electronic Music.

He studied at the Calcutta University, at the Trinity College of Music in London ( Calcutta Centre ), at the Hochschule für Musik Köln ( Music University Cologne ) and at the Institute of Sonology at Utrecht University.

From 2003 to 2011, he conducted a series of the complete symphonies of Bruckner at the Rheingau Musik Festival with the WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne, concluding with the unfinished Ninth Symphony.

It was also performed at the Conservatorio Nacional in Buenos Aires on October 7, 2005, in Santa Fe, Argentina in November 2005 within the frame of the 20th Reunión de Música Electroacústica and on December 12, 2002 at the Hochschule für Musik Köln in Cologne, in the cycle Aula Konzerte.

She is also a professor of singing at the Hochschule für Musik in Cologne.

* Hochschule für Musik Cologne

Morgan attended Oxford High School ( where she is now a governor ) before studying the viola at the Hochschule für Musik, Cologne.

Subsequently, Bargiel held positions at the conservatories in Cologne and Rotterdam ( where he met Hermine Tours, his future wife, sister of the composer Berthold Tours ) before accepting a position at the prestigious Hochschule fur Musik in Berlin where he taught for the rest of his life.

In the aftermath of the First World War the Royal Engineers ( Postal Section ) and the Royal Air Force pioneered a scheduled airmail service between Folkestone, Kent and Cologne, Germany.

In 1949, he published a thesis on the electronic music and speech synthesis from the viewpoint of sound synthesis, and in 1951, he joined to the successful proposal of establishment of WDR Cologne Studio for Electronic Music.

It finally took place on a reduced scale in 1949, back in Cologne, and turned out to be the last Werkbund Exhibition.

Broszat was born in Leipzig, Germany and studied history at the University of Leipzig ( 1944 – 1949 ) and at the University of Cologne ( 1949 – 1952 ).

* 1880 – Construction of Cologne Cathedral, the most famous landmark in Cologne, Germany, is completed.

* 1248 – The foundation stone of Cologne Cathedral, built to house the relics of the Three Wise Men, is laid.

( 1193 / 1206 – November 15, 1280 ), also known as Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, is a Catholic saint.

* 1075 – Archbishop Anno II of Cologne

* 1887 – Josef Frings, German Archbishop of Cologne ( d. 1978 )

# Bruno ( 925 – 965 )-Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lorraine

* 1964 – World War II veteran Walter Seifert runs amok in an elementary school in Cologne, Germany, killing at least eight children and two teachers and seriously injuring several more with a home-made flamethrower and a lance.

A devout Catholic, he was a leading Centre Party politician in the Weimar Republic, he served as Mayor of Cologne ( 1917 – 1933 ) and president of the Prussian State Council ( 1922 – 1933 ).

Konrad Adenauer was born as the third of five children of Johann Konrad Adenauer ( 1833 – 1906 ) and his wife Helene ( née Scharfenberg ; 1849 – 1919 ) in Cologne, Rhenish Prussia.

* 2009 – The building of the Historisches Archiv der Stadt Köln ( Historical Archives ) in Cologne, Germany, collapses.

* 1942 – World War II: 1000 British bombers launch a 90-minute attack on Cologne, Germany.

* 1021 – Heribert of Cologne, Archbishop of Cologne and Chancellor of Emperor Otto III

* 1945 – World War II: Cologne is captured by American Troops.

* 1647 – Thirty Years ' War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm.

# Bruno ( 925 – 965 ), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lorraine

In 1627 he began his apprenticeship as vice-papal legate at Ferrara, and on recommendations from two cardinals he was appointed successively Inquisitor of Malta and nuncio in Cologne ( 1639 – 1651 ).

* 1977 – Hanns Martin Schleyer, is kidnapped in Cologne, West Germany by the Red Army Faction and is later murdered.

This was evident from the Cologne War ( 1583 – 88 ), a conflict initiated when the prince-archbishop of the city, Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg, converted to Calvinism.

* January 31 – British and Belgian troops leave Cologne.

* January 24 – Jazz pianist Keith Jarrett plays the solo improvisation ' The Köln Concert ' at the Cologne Opera, which, recorded live, becomes the best-selling piano recording in history.

* February 6 – Josef Frings, Archbishop of Cologne ( d. 1978 )

1574 ( 51. 2 × 36. 5 cm, Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne )

Five years were spent with the Cologne Opera, after which he was called to Prague by Alexander von Zemlinsky, teacher of Arnold Schonberg and Erich Korngold.

Local transport is provided by a Stadtbahn ( light rail ), which also features two lines to Cologne.

The 20 French and Bavarian battalions in Ramillies, supported by Irish dragoons and a small brigade of Cologne and Bavarian Guards under the Marquis de Maffei, put up a determined defence, initially driving back the attackers with severe losses.

Berthe Morisot, Child among Staked Roses ( common mistranslation of Child among Hollyhocks ), 1881, Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne It was Morisot who persuaded Manet to attempt plein air painting, which she had been practicing since having been introduced to it by Corot.

He borrowed much from German sources, particularly from work commissioned by Hermann von Wied, Archbishop of Cologne ; and also from Osiander ( to whom he was related by marriage ).

After Pope Pius II, in his bull Execrabilis ( 1460 ) and his reply to the University of Cologne ( 1463 ), set aside the theory of the supremacy of general councils laid down by the Council of Constance

The Neustrians allied with another invading force under Radbod, King of the Frisians and met Charles in battle near Cologne, which was still held by Plectrude.

It is now generally agreed by most scholars that identifiable Catharism did not emerge until at least 1143, when the first confirmed report of a group espousing similar beliefs is reported being active at Cologne by the cleric Eberwin of Steinfeld.

The historic university is regarded as the oldest university in Germany ( followed by Heidelberg ( 1386 ) and Cologne ( 1388 )).

He went to Paris after the liberation of France and to Cologne once it had been occupied by the Allies.

William was also stadtholder of the main provinces of the Dutch Republic, then in the preliminary stages of joining the War of the Grand Alliance against France, in a context of international tensions caused by the revocation by Louis XIV of the Edict of Nantes and the disputed succession of Cologne and the Electorate of the Palatinate.

In Cologne, Gallienus son, Saloninus, and his supervisor Silvanus were installed by Gallienus in 258.

The economic structures of medieval and early modern Cologne were characterized by the city's status as a major harbor and transport hub upon the Rhine.

The addition Nationis Germanicæ ( of German Nation ) to the emperor's title appeared first in the 15th century: in a 1486 law decreed by Friedrich III and in 1512 in reference to the Reichstag in Cologne by Maximilian I.

In the late 270s, a half-Brythonic usurper named Bononus rebelled to avoid the repercussions of letting his fleet be burnt by barbarians at Cologne.

The first recorded use of incunabula as a printing term is in a Latin pamphlet by Bernhard von Mallinckrodt, De ortu et progressu artis typographicae (" Of the rise and progress of the typographic art ", Cologne, 1639 ), which includes the phrase prima typographicae incunabula, " the first infancy of printing ", a term to which he arbitrarily set an end, 1500, which still stands as a convention.

With the help of lawyers in August 1937 he was successful in claiming a pension ; he received a cash settlement for his house, which had been taken over by the city of Cologne ; his unpaid mortgage, penalties and taxes were waived.

Konrad Adenauer's state funeral in Cologne Cathedral was attended by a large number of world leaders, among them United States President Lyndon B. Johnson.

The village, located near Kerpen in the vicinity of Cologne, was displaced in 1956 by the strip mining of lignite in the region, although the castle itself still exists.

According to biographies preserved by Ibn al-Nadim and the Persian polymath al-Biruni, he allegedly received a revelation as a youth from a spirit, whom he would later call his Twin ( Aramaic Tauma ( תאומא ), from which is also derived the name of the apostle Thomas, the " twin "), his Syzygos ( Greek for " partner ", in the Cologne Mani-Codex ), his Double, his Protective Angel or ' Divine Self '.