The Indochina struggle was a war to stay out of in 1954, when Gen. Ridgway estimated it would take a minimum of 10 to 15 divisions at the outset to win a war the French were losing.

Six years ago French Indochina, though in troubie, was in the Western camp.

French Indochina in 1913.

The Vichy government signed an agreement with Japan to allow the Japanese military transit through French Indochina.

The Free French, under General Charles de Gaulle, were determined to recover Indochina, though they offered Cambodia and the other Inchochinese protectorates a carefully circumscribed measure of self-government.

Franklin D. Roosevelt, through General Stilwell, privately made it clear that they preferred that the French not reacquire French Indochina ( modern day Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos ) after the war was over.

After the war, 200, 000 Chinese troops under General Lu Han were sent by Chiang Kai-shek to northern Indochina ( north of the 16th parallel ) to accept the surrender of Japanese occupying forces there, and remained in Indochina until 1946, when the French returned.

In February 1946 he also forced the French to surrender all of their concessions in China and to renounce their extraterritorial privileges in exchange for the Chinese withdrawing from northern Indochina and allowing French troops to reoccupy the region.

* French Indochina

French citizens also migrated in large numbers, mainly to the colonies in the north African Maghreb region: 1. 3 million settled in Algeria ; 200, 000 in Morocco ; 100, 000 in Tunisia ; while only 20, 000 migrated to French Indochina.

Early in 1953, the French asked Eisenhower for help in French Indochina against the Communists, supplied from China, who were fighting the First Indochina War.

In 1958 the French Fourth Republic collapsed due to political instability and its failures in dealing with its colonies, especially Indochina and Algeria.

Conflicts between the Chinese Emperor and the French Republic over Indochina climaxed during the Sino-French War ( 1884 – 1885 ).

Their participation in the Scramble for Africa and in the acquiring of overseas possessions ( such as French Indochina ) created myths of French greatness.

* In Indochina the French government was facing the Viet Minh communist rebels and lost its Indochinese colonies during the First Indochina War in 1954 after the Battle of Dien Bien Phu.

The European powers had control of other parts of Asia by the 1900s, such as British India, French Indochina, Spanish East Indies, and Portuguese Macau and Goa.

Even some of the local nightclubs will feature French DJs.

Smaller military parades are held in French garrison towns, including Toulon and Belfort, with local troops.

Ably led by de Guiscard, the French cavalry rallied, thrusting back the Allied squadrons in successful local counterattacks.

After graduating from high school in 1963, he moved to Europe, travelling around Paris and Liège, where he formed bands with local musicians and recorded some singles mainly in English and in French but also in Turkish.

In 1946, all AEF inhabitants were granted French citizenship and allowed to establish local assemblies.

Some of the first British-sanctioned settlers to the island following the Seven Years ' War were Irish, although upon settlement, they merged with local French communities to form a culture rich in both music and tradition.

The Macao, a lemur found only on Mahoré, is protected by French law and by local tradition.

Acadian refugees, who largely came from what is now modern-day New Brunswick and Nova Scotia adapted their French rustic cuisine to local ingredients such as rice, crawfish, sugar cane, and sassafras.

In many areas, speech is influenced by French, and there are notable local variations.

The rank of commodore derives from the French commandeur, which was one of the highest ranks in orders of knighthood, and in military orders the title of the knight in charge of a commenda ( a local part of the order's territorial possessions ).

Although 700 local languages and dialects are spoken, the linguistic variety is bridged both by the use of French and the intermediary languages Kikongo, Tshiluba, Swahili, and Lingala.

A local battalion from French Somaliland participated in the Liberation of Paris in 1944.

This more precise usage enables one to distinguish between varieties of a language, such as the French spoken in Nice, France, and local languages distinct from the superordinate language, e. g. Nissart, the traditional native Romance language of Nice, known in French as Niçard.

Shortly afterward, Spanish citizens, unhappy at the usurpation of the throne by the French, began organizing local juntas loyal to Ferdinand.

García Moreno, putting aside both his project to place Ecuador under a French protectorate and his differences with General Flores, got together with the former dictator to put down the various local rebellions and force out the Peruvians.

When the French general Junot arrived in Lisbon, the Portuguese fleet had already left with all the local elite.

His only formal education was at his local primary school, after which he carried out agricultural work on his father's farm before joining the French Post & Telegraph Administration as an apprentice operator in 1869.

The French government has implemented various measures aimed at supporting local film production and movie theaters.

Agfa began to produce motion picture film in 1913, but remained a largely local supplier until World War I boycotts of popular French, American and Italian film stocks allowed the UFA film studio to flourish, boosting Agfa's orders.

Washington delivered the letter to the local French commander, who politely refused to leave.

In Europe, community cleaning squads have responded to graffiti, in some cases with reckless abandon, as when in 1992 in France a local Scout group, attempting to remove modern graffiti, damaged two prehistoric paintings of bison in the Cave of Mayrière supérieure near the French village of Bruniquel in Tarn-et-Garonne, earning them the 1992 Ig Nobel Prize in archeology.

Conflict broke out between the French and the indigenous islanders in November 1649 and fighting lasted for five years until 1654, when the last opposition to the French on Grenada was crushed-although the island continued for some time after to suffer raids by war canoe parties from St. Vincent, who had aided the local Grenadan islanders in their struggle and continued to oppose the French.

The novel has been read as a metaphorical treatment of the French resistance to Nazi occupation during World War II.

* Celestino Alfonso, Spanish republican and volunteer fighter in the French resistance during World War II.

* French author Jacques Lusseyran, who was visually impaired at the age of 7 when he injured his eyes on the sharp corner of a teacher's desk, became part of the French resistance during World War II.

Sweeping forwards, virtually without resistance, the 21 Danish squadrons reformed behind the French around the area of the Tomb of Ottomond, facing north across the plateau of Mont St André towards the exposed flank of Villeroi ’ s army.

Attlee supported Churchill in his continuation of Britain's resistance after the French capitulation in 1940, and proved a loyal ally to Churchill throughout the conflict ; when the war cabinet had voted on whether to negotiate peace terms, Attlee ( along with fellow Labour minister Arthur Greenwood ) voted in favour of fighting, giving Churchill the majority he needed to continue the war.

With the fall of Louisbourg, French resistance in the region crumbled.

Her final work was a poem eulogizing Joan of Arc, the peasant girl who took a very public role in organizing French military resistance to English domination in the early 15th century.

Eisenhower's first struggles however were with Allied leaders and officers on matters vital to the success of the Normandy invasion ; he argued with Roosevelt over an essential agreement with de Gaulle to use French resistance forces in covert and sabotage operations against the Germans in advance of Overlord.

This battle marked the effective end of resistance to the expeditionary force, but the gunboats were called into service to transport troops to Fashoda, south along the White Nile, where a small force of French troops had made a difficult land crossing and staked a claim to the area.

* During the Peninsular War, contingents from the Gibraltar Garrison were sent to aid Spanish resistance to the French at Cádiz and Tarifa.

The Spanish guerrilla resistance to the French invasion in 1808

But it failed due to Belgian resistance, Berlin's diversion of troops, and very stiff French resistance on the Marne, north of Paris.

Guise responded by calling on French troops, who helped stiffen resistance to the English occupation.

The most famous figure of the French resistance was Jean Moulin, sent in France by de Gaulle in order to link all resistance movements ; he was captured and tortured by Klaus Barbie ( the " butcher of Lyon ").

The French army recruited French Forces of the Interior ( de Gaulle's formal name for resistance fighters ) to continue the war until the final defeat of Germany ; this army numbered 300, 000 men by September 1944 and 370, 000 by Spring 1945.

Like others who were later prominent in the Third Reich, Goebbels came into contact with the Nazi Party in 1923, during the campaign of resistance to the French occupation of the Ruhr.

But yellow fever and the fierce resistance of black revolutionaries destroyed the French army in what became the only successful slave revolt in history, and it withdrew its surviving troops in November 1803.

Genetic studies discovered that much of what had been grown as Merlot was actually Carménère, an old French variety that had gone largely extinct in France due to its poor resistance to phylloxera.

This was in some ways a turbulent period, with ongoing resistance in Massina and increasing pressure from the French.

In 1893, the French appointed a civilian governor of the territory they called Soudan Français ( French Sudan ), but active resistance to French rule continued.