In Gender Trouble, Butler also relied on deconstructionist language theory and Freudian psychoanalysis to argue that heterosexuality is structured in an ongoing series of losses stemming from a repudiation of homosexuality ; as such homosexuality can be seen as constitutive of heterosexuality, necessitating its repeated repudiations.

However, the word genre is increasingly used to refer to gender in queer or academic contexts, such as the word transgenre ( transgender ) or the translation of Judith Butler's book Gender Trouble as Trouble dans le genre.

Judith Butler, in works such as Gender Trouble and Undoing Gender, contends that being female is not " natural " and that it appears natural only through repeated performances of gender ; these performances in turn, reproduce and define the traditional categories of sex and / or gender.

In Gender Trouble, she claims that gender and sex are not natural categories, but socially constructed roles produced by " reiterative acting.

Gender Trouble.

The concept of gender performativity is at the core of Butler's work, notably in Gender Trouble.

On the same subject, American feminist theorist and author of Gender Trouble Judith Butler wrote in the scholarly journal Diacritics an essay entitled " Further Reflections on the Conversions of Our Time ", in which she described the shift in these terms:

In the late 1980s, Judith Butler began lecturing regularly on the topic of gender identity and, in 1990, published her seminal work Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, which imported significant contributions from philosophy after the late 1950s and led to a radical critique of the inadequacies in feminism.

Gender Trouble is often regarded as the most groundbreaking work on feminist theory and gender studies.

Judith Butler's theory about gender roles and their social implications and need for reconstruction is more fully developed in her book, Gender Trouble.

Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity.

Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity is a 1990 book by Judith Butler.

Butler begins Gender Trouble with an attack on one of the central assumptions of feminist theory: the supposition that there exists an identity and a subject that requires representation in politics and language.

Instead, in her introduction of the central idea of Gender Trouble, Butler argues that gender is performative: no identity exists behind the acts that supposedly " express " gender, and these acts constitute — rather than express — the illusion of the stable gender identity.

In the second chapter of Gender Trouble, Butler takes up another commonplace of feminist theory, the patriarchy.

All page numbers are from the first edition: Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity ( New York, Routledge, 1990 ).

et: Gender Trouble

eo: Gender Trouble

Judith Butler refers to Foucault's work and the journals in Gender Trouble, and Jeffrey Eugenides in his book Middlesex treats concurrent themes, as does Virginia Woolf in her book, Orlando: A Biography.

Postmodern feminism's major departure from other branches of feminism is perhaps the argument that sex, or at least gender is itself constructed through language, a view notably propounded in Judith Butler's 1990 book, Gender Trouble.

* Judith Butler, Gender Trouble ( 1989 )

* TRANS 15 ( 2011 ) Celebrating the 20th anniversary of " Feminine Endings " by Susan McClary: Special issue dedicated to Gender Studies, Feminism, and Music.

* Transgender Studies and Feminism: Theory, Politics, and Gender Realities ( special issue of Hypatia ) co-edited by Talia Bettcher and Ann Garry.

* Sonia Saldívar-Hull, Feminism on the Border: Chicana Gender Politics and Literature 2000.

She has written a number of influential books, including The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender ( 1978 ); Feminism and Psychoanalytic Theory ( 1989 ); Femininities, Masculinities, Sexualities: Freud and Beyond ( 1994 ); and The Power of Feelings: Personal Meaning in Psychoanalysis, Gender, and Culture ( 1999 ).

Gender, Black Feminism, and Black Political Economy.

*" Automating Gender: Postmodern Feminism in the Age of the Intelligent Machine.

The Case of Habermas and Gender ,” in Seyla Benhabib and Drucilla Cornell, eds., Feminism as Critique: On the Politics of Gender ( Cambridge: Polity Press ), pp. 31-56.

The Case of Habermas and Gender ,” in Seyla Benhabib and Drucilla Cornell, eds., Feminism as Critique: On the Politics of Gender ( Cambridge: Polity Press ), pp. 31 – 56.

# Feminism and Gender Equity

Feminism With Men: Bridging the Gender Gap.

* Read My Lips: Sexual Subversion & the End of Gender ( Firebrand ), 1997 ISBN 1-56341-090-7

* Blackmer, Corinne E. and Smith, Patricia Juliana ( eds ) ( 1995 ), En Travesti: Women, Gender Subversion, Opera, Columbia University Press.

In 2011 the United Nations Human Rights Council passed a landmark resolution initiated by South Africa supporting LBGT rights ( See Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity at the United Nations )

The Principle 3 of The Yogyakarta Principles on The Application of International Human Rights Law In Relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity states that " Person of diverse sexual orientation and gender identities shall enjoy legal capacity in all aspects of life.

The GID controversy figured prominently at the 2009 meeting of the American Psychiatric Association in San Francisco, both in presentations in the meeting and in protests outside the meeting ; protesters focused on the attitude of the psychiatric community and tried to make the point that GID is not a mental disorder, as well focusing on the role of Kenneth Zucker in leading the DSM-V Task Force on Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders.

* Standards of Care for Gender Identity Disorders – published by the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association, includes a description of ICD-10 criteria.

* Gender Identity Disorder & Transsexualism – Synopsis of Etiology in Adults provides an alternative to the current classifications of psychiatric disorder and mental illness.

* Hero Award, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in August 1999 by The Canadian Bar Association.

* From Metrosexual to the Uber-Complex: Multiple Identities of Gender and Sexuality Intersections of Identity conference.

Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity.

In June 2008, the American Medical Association House of Delegates declared that discrimination, stating that the denial to patients with Gender Identity Disorder of otherwise covered benefits represents discrimination, and that the AMA supports " public and private health insurance coverage for treatment for gender identity disorder as recommended by the patient's physician.

Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity.

Gender identity disorder is defined by strong, persistent feelings of identification with the opposite gender and discomfort with one's own assigned sex .< ref >" Gender Identity Disorder | Psychology Today.

In 1958, the Gender Identity Research Project was established at the UCLA Medical Center for the study of intersexuals and transsexuals.

His work at Johns Hopkins Medical School's Gender Identity Clinic ( established in 1965 ) popularized an interactionist theory of gender identity, suggesting that, up to a certain age, gender identity is relatively fluid and subject to constant negotiation.

Man & Woman, Boy & Girl: Gender Identity from Conception to Maturity.

It hosts the student organizations Spectrum ( formally SOUL ), Connecticut College Queer and Questioning ( CQ ^ 2 ), and the Campaign for Gender Identity Awareness ( CGIA ).

David Gauntlett writes in Media, Gender and Identity that:

HSDD is listed under the Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders of the DSM-IV.

* " Gender Healing in Messianic Judaism ," and " Heteroglossic Identity in Messianic Judaism " at the Pacific Northwest Regional AAR, April 1994.

Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity.

" Culture, Identity, and Conflict: The Influence of Gender ," in Conflict and Reconstruction in Multiethnic Societies, Washington, D. C .: The National Academies Press

Some transsexual people have pressured the American Psychiatric Association to remove Gender Identity Disorder from the DSM.