He was included in the canonical list of nine lyric poets by the scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria.

The growth of the population of ancient civilizations, the formation of ancient empires concentrating political power, and the growth in commerce and manufacturing led to ever greater capital cities and centres of commerce and industry, with Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia of the Hellenistic civilization, Pataliputra ( now Patna ) in India, Chang ' an ( now Xi ' an ) in China, Carthage, ancient Rome, its eastern successor Constantinople ( later Istanbul ).

He is also known for his involvement in the expulsion of Novatians and Jews from Alexandria and the murder of the Hellenistic philosopher Hypatia by Coptic monks.

The word Diophantine refers to the Hellenistic mathematician of the 3rd century, Diophantus of Alexandria, who made a study of such equations and was one of the first mathematicians to introduce symbolism into algebra.

Under the next three centuries of Hellenistic Egypt, the Coptic writing system evolved and the Library of Alexandria was opened, and this likely had an influence upon books of magic, with the trend on known incantations switching from simple health and protection charms to more specific things such as financial success and sexual fullfillment.

After the death of Epicurus, his school was headed by Hermarchus ; later many Epicurean societies flourished in the Late Hellenistic era and during the Roman era ( such as those in Antiochia, Alexandria, Rhodes and Ercolano ).

), astrological philosophy from Hellenistic Alexandria, early Christian mysticism, early Gnostics, the Hebrew system of the Kabbalah, The Hindu Vedas, the Chinese " Circle of the Dead ", Egyptian " Book of the Masters of the Secret House " ( Ritual of the Dead ).

At Pharos — in Hellenistic times the site of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, ( in modern Greek the word still has the meaning " lighthouse )— a king of Egypt named Proteus welcomed Dionysus in the young god's wanderings.

Scholars usually refer to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible as the Pentateuch, a term first used in the Hellenistic Judaism of Alexandria, meaning five books, or as the Law, or Law of Moses.

After the death of Epicurus, his school was headed by Hermarchus ; later many Epicurean societies flourished in the Late Hellenistic era and during the Roman era ( such as those in Antiochia, Alexandria, Rhodes, and Ercolano ).

Many Greeks migrated to Alexandria, Antioch, Seleucia and many other new Hellenistic cities founded in Alexander's wake.

The " Koiné " dialect of the Greek language was important in Hellenistic Alexandria, and was used in the philosophy and science of that culture, and was later studied by Arabic scholars.

Alexandria, being the center of the Hellenistic world, produced a number of great mathematicians, astronomers and scientists such as Ctesibius, Pappus and Diophantus.

Antony established Cleopatra as a Hellenistic monarch at Alexandria and gives her the title of " Queen of Kings ".

Apollo in recompense for Admetus ' treatment — the Hellenistic poet Callimachus of Alexandria makes him Apollo's eromenos — made all the cows bear twins while he served as his cowherd.

The scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria included him in the canonical list of nine lyric poets, along with Bacchylides ( his nephew ) and Pindar ( reputedly a bitter rival ).

Ibycus () ( floruit: 2nd half of 6th century BC ) was an Ancient Greek lyric poet, a citizen of Rhegium in Magna Graecia, probably active at Samos during the reign of the tyrant Polycrates and numbered by the scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria in the canonical list of nine lyric poets.

The scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria created a canon of nine lyric poets deemed especially worthy of critical study.

In Alexandria the Tychaeon, the temple of Tyche, was described by Libanius as one of the most magnificent of the entire Hellenistic world.

Ancient Alexandria, a polis of Hellenistic Egypt.

Written in Greek by Claudius Ptolemy, a Roman era scholar of Egypt, it is one of the most influential scientific texts of all time, with its geocentric model accepted for more than twelve hundred years from its origin in Hellenistic Alexandria, in the medieval Byzantine and Islamic worlds, and in Western Europe through the Middle Ages and early Renaissance until Copernicus.

The automata in the Hellenistic world were intended as toys, religious idols, or tools for demonstrating basic scientific principles, including those built by Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria ( sometimes known as Heron ).

Philo ( 20 B. C .– 50 A. D .), known also as Philo of Alexandria (), Philo Judaeus, Philo Judaeus of Alexandria, Yedidia, " Philon ", and Philo the Jew, was a Hellenistic Jewish Biblical philosopher born in Alexandria.

More of his plays have survived intact than those of Aeschylus and Sophocles together, partly due to mere chance and partly because his popularity grew as theirs declinedhe became, in the Hellenistic Age, a cornerstone of ancient literary education, along with Homer, Demosthenes and Menander.

Epigram became a literary genre in the Hellenistic period, probably developing out of scholarly collections of inscriptional epigrams.

Many of the characteristic types of literary epigram look back to inscriptional contexts, particularly funerary epigram, which in the Hellenistic era becomes a literary exercise.

" In these examples pardes clearly means " orchard " or " park ", but in the apocalyptic literature and in the Talmud, " paradise " gains its associations with the Garden of Eden and its heavenly prototype, and in the New Testament " paradise " becomes the realm of the blessed ( as opposed to the realm of the cursed ) among those who have already died, with literary Hellenistic influences.

The Hebrew Bible contains " sagas, heroic epics, oral traditions, annals, biographies, narrative histories, novellae, belles lettres, proverbs and wisdom-sayings, poetry, prophecy, apocalyptic, and much more ... the whole finally woven into a composite, highly complex literary fabric sometime in the Hellenistic era.

The hubristic Marsyas in surviving literary sources eclipses the figure of the wise Marsyas suggested in a few words by the Hellenistic historian Diodorus Siculus, who refers to Marsyas as admired for his intelligence ( sunesis ) and self-control ( sophrosune ), not qualities found by Greeks in ordinary satyrs.

Though he does not name his source for such a self-conscious and " literary " approach, it must be in traditions passed on from Hellenistic architects, such as Hermogenes of Priene, the architect of a famed temple of Artemis at Magnesia on the Meander in Lydia ( now Turkey ).

Eventually, literary Attic ( and the classic texts written in it ) came to be widely studied far beyond its original homeland, first in the Classical civilizations of the Mediterranean ( Ancient Rome and the Hellenistic world ), and later in the Muslim world, Europe, and wherever European civilization spread to other parts of the world.

Outstanding literary figures of the Hellenistic period were Menander, the chief representative of a newer type of comedy ; the poets Callimachus, Theocritus, and Apollonius Rhodius, author of the Argonautica ; and Polybius, who wrote a detailed history of the Mediterranean world.

Both these literary figures, in the context of the broader contributions of Greek philosophy in the Classical and Hellenistic eras, were to give rise to idea of Political Science, the study of political evolution and the critique of governmental systems.

Once considered a mere imitator of Homer, and therefore a failure as a poet, his reputation has been enhanced by recent studies, with an emphasis on the special characteristics of Hellenistic poets as scholarly heirs of a long literary tradition writing at a unique time in history.

The Deipnosophists is a long work of literary and antiquarian research by the Hellenistic author Athenaeus of Naucratis in Egypt, written in Rome in the early 3rd century AD.

The work is invaluable for providing fictionalized information about the Hellenistic literary world of the leisured class during the Roman Empire.

Scholars believe that the book represents the most literary post-classical Greek language found in the Septuagint, having been written during the Jewish Hellenistic period ( the 2nd or 1st century BC ).

As far as the language is concerned, the work is certainly an " unicum " because it is a blend of expressions of the Hellenistic Koine greek to which are added elevated constructions, technical expressions, metaphors, classic and rare forms which produce a literary pastiche at the borders of linguistic experimentation.

Under Roman rule, the term basileus came to be used, in the Hellenistic tradition, to designate the Roman Emperor in the everyday and literary speech of the Greek-speaking Eastern Mediterranean.

Two of these were already known and had been attributed by the 12th-century AD Byzantine scholar John Tzetzes to the Hellenistic epigrammatist Posidippus of Pella, a Macedonian who spent his literary career in Alexandria.

Scholars have rushed to mine this new trove of highly-conscious literary productions at the most sophisticated level that were created in a major center of Hellenistic culture.

Atticism ( meaning favouring Attica, the region that includes Athens in Greece ) was a rhetorical movement that began in the first quarter of the 1st century BC ; it may also refer to the wordings and phrasings typical of this movement, in contrast with various contemporary forms of Koine Greek ( both literary and vulgar ), which continued to evolve in directions guided by the common usages of Hellenistic Greek.

Although his prose work is detailed in the strung-out, non-periodic style typical of Hellenistic Greek prose before the revival of the Attic style after Cicero, Philodemus surpassed the average literary standard to which most epicureans aspired.

Taken as a whole, the collection is notable for its literary simplicity, religious zeal and lack of Hellenistic philosophy or rhetoric.

Although Ovid protests Siqua fides arti, quam longo fecimus usu, / Credite: praestabunt carmina nostra fidem (" If you trust art's promise that I've long employed / my songs will offer you their promise "), and his erotic advice indicates a supposed broad understanding of female psychology, in part he is following a literary tradition, especially the two previous exponents of the Latin love-elegy, Propertius and Tibullus, and the ( mostly lost ) erotic poetry of the Greek Hellenistic period.