* Chirp Spread Spectrum, a modulation concept, part of the standard IEEE 802. 15. 4aCSS

Ethernet was commercially introduced in 1980 and standardized in 1985 as IEEE 802. 3.

In February 1980, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) started project 802 to standardize local area networks ( LAN ).

Ingrid Fromm, Siemens ' representative to IEEE 802, quickly achieved broader support for Ethernet beyond IEEE by the establishment of a competing Task Group " Local Networks " within the European standards body ECMA TC24.

As early as March 1982 ECMA TC24 with its corporate members reached agreement on a standard for CSMA / CD based on the IEEE 802 draft.

Because the DIX proposal was most technically complete and because of the speedy action taken by ECMA which decisively contributed to the conciliation of opinions within IEEE, the IEEE 802. 3 CSMA / CD standard was approved in December 1982.

IEEE published the 802. 3 standard as a draft in 1983 and as a standard in 1985.

Approval of Ethernet on the international level was achieved by a similar, cross-partisan action with Fromm as liaison officer working to integrate International Electrotechnical Commission, TC83 and International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) TC97SC6, and the ISO / IEEE 802 / 3 standard was approved in 1984.

As with other IEEE 802 LANs, each Ethernet station is given a 48-bit MAC address.

Networking advances IEEE 802. 1aq ( SPB ) include the use of the link-state routing protocol IS-IS to allow larger networks with shortest path routes between devices.

* IEEE 802. 3 Ethernet working group

* IEEE 802. 3-2008 standard

IEEE 802. 15 is a working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) IEEE 802 standards committee which specifies Wireless Personal Area Network ( WPAN ) standards.

The IEEE 802. 15. 2-2003 standard was published in 2003 and task group two went into " hibernation ".

IEEE 802. 15. 3-2003 is a MAC and PHY standard for high-rate ( 11 to 55 Mbit / s ) WPANs.

IEEE 802. 15. 3a was an attempt to provide a higher speed UWB PHY enhancement amendment to IEEE 802. 15. 3 for applications which involve imaging and multimedia.

Several standardized and proprietary networks ( or mesh ) layer protocols run over 802. 15. 4-based networks, including IEEE 802. 15. 5, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, WirelessHART, and ISA100. 11a.

IEEE 802. 15. 4g Smart Utility Networks ( SUN ) Task Group is chartered to create a PHY amendment to 802. 15. 4 to provide a global standard that facilitates very large scale process control applications such as the utility smart-grid network capable of supporting large, geographically diverse networks with minimal infrastructure, with potentially millions of fixed endpoints.

IEEE 802 refers to a family of IEEE standards dealing with local area networks and metropolitan area networks.

More specifically, the IEEE 802 standards are restricted to networks carrying variable-size packets.

It is almost never implemented on Ethernet, although it is used on FDDI and on token ring, IEEE 802. 11, and other IEEE 802 networks.

IP Version 6 can also be transmitted over Ethernet using IEEE 802. 2 with LLC / SNAP, but, again, that's almost never used ( although LLC / SNAP encapsulation of IPv6 is used on IEEE 802 networks ).

Cell relay is an implementation of fast packet-switching technology that is used in connection-oriented broadband integrated services digital networks ( B-ISDN, and its better-known supporting technology ATM ) and connectionless IEEE 802. 6 switched multi-megabit data service ( SMDS ).

In modern practice, only error detection, not flow control using sliding window, is present in data link protocols such as Point-to-Point Protocol ( PPP ), and, on local area networks, the IEEE 802. 2 LLC layer is not used for most protocols on the Ethernet, and on other local area networks, its flow control and acknowledgment mechanisms are rarely used.

Transceivers are called Medium Attachment Units ( MAUs ) in IEEE 802. 3 documents and were widely used in 10BASE2 and 10BASE5 Ethernet networks.

) In the market 10BROAD36 equipment was not developed by many vendors nor deployed in many user networks as compared to equipment for IEEE 802. 3 / Ethernet baseband standards such as 10BASE5 ( 1983 ), 10BASE2 ( 1985 ), 10BASET ( 1990 ), etc.

* IEEE Frank Rosenblatt Award ( for biologically and linguistically motivated computational paradigms such as neural networks

Common examples are CSMA / CD, used in Ethernet bus networks and hub networks, and CSMA / CA, used in wireless networks such as IEEE 802. 11.

* IEEE 802. 11b wireless local area networks ( WLANs ) are based on FDMA and DS-CDMA for avoiding interference among adjacent WLAN cells or access points.

Longer range communications have been proposed using infrastructure networks such as WiMAX ( IEEE 802. 16 ), Global System for Mobile Communications ( GSM ), or 3G.

This excludes, as buses, schemes such as serial RS-232, parallel Centronics, and IEEE 1284 interfaces, and Ethernet, since devices also needed separate power supplies.

Many FIPS pronouncements are modified versions of standards used in the technical communities, such as the American National Standards Institute ( ANSI ), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ), and the International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ).

For example, a fixed-point representation that has seven decimal digits with two decimal places can represent the numbers 12345. 67, 123. 45, 1. 23 and so on, whereas a floating-point representation ( such as the IEEE 754 decimal32 format ) with seven decimal digits could in addition represent 1. 234567, 123456. 7, 0. 00001234567, 1234567000000000, and so on.

The IEEE 802. 15 task group 4b was chartered to create a project for specific enhancements and clarifications to the IEEE 802. 15. 4-2003 standard, such as resolving ambiguities, reducing unnecessary complexity, increasing flexibility in security key usage, considerations for newly available frequency allocations, and others.

The strain-charge for a material of the 4mm ( C < sub > 4v </ sub >) crystal class ( such as a poled piezoelectric ceramic such as tetragonal PZT or BaTiO < sub > 3 </ sub >) as well as the 6mm crystal class may also be written as ( ANSI IEEE 176 ):

Standards organizations such as International Electrotechnical Commission ( IEC ), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE ) and International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) recommend to use the alternative term tebibyte to signify the traditional measure of 1024 < sup > 4 </ sup > bytes, leading to the following definitions:

IT shops using Wake-on-LAN through the Intel AMT implementation can wake an AMT PC over network environments that require TLS-based security, such as IEEE 802. 1x, Cisco Self Defending Network ( SDN ), and Microsoft Network Access Protection ( NAP ) environments.

The overlapped estimators have been accepted as the preferred Allan variance estimators in IEEE, ITU-T and ETSI standards for comparable measurements such as needed for telecommunication qualification.

To appreciate the innovative value of the DQDB MAC algorithm, it must be seen against the background of LAN protocols at that time, which were based on broadcast ( such as ethernet IEEE 802. 3 ) or a ring ( like token ring IEEE 802. 5 and FDDI ).

This is typically used over non-filtered wires such as fiber optical cables and short-range copper links, for example: V. 29 ( EIA / TIA-232 ), V. 35, IEEE 802. 3, SONET / SDH.

Example applications include commercial wireless standards such as Wi-Fi ( IEEE 802. 11 ), WiMAX ( IEEE 802. 16 ) and LTE, in addition to military standards such as those specified in the Joint Tactical Radio System ( JTRS ) initiative.

ARP has been implemented in many combinations of network and overlaying internetwork technologies, such as IPv4, Chaosnet, DECnet and Xerox PARC Universal Packet ( PUP ) using IEEE 802 standards, FDDI, X. 25, Frame Relay and Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ), IPv4 over IEEE 802. 3 and IEEE 802. 11 being the most common cases.

Prior to the IEEE standard, programmers often used a special value ( such as − 99999999 ) to represent undefined or missing values, but there was no guarantee that they would be handled consistently or correctly.

IEEE develops and participates in educational activities such as accreditation of electrical engineering programs in institutes of higher learning.