As he had done on his first Imperial sortie a year and a half before, Lewis trekked southeast through Red Russia to Kamieniec.

I am prepared to demonstrate at anytime that it represents the spirit of Imperial Russia in its most vulgar, infantile, and reactionary aspect ; ;

During the Tsarist times, the Ainu living in Russia were forbidden from identifying themselves as such, since the Imperial Japanese officials had claimed that all the regions inhabited by the Ainu in the past or present, are a part of Japan.

# any civil or military servicemen suspected of working for Imperial Russia ;

Imperial Russia produced four reigning Empresses, all in the eighteenth century.

In childhood he visited the Imperial Court of Russia at St Petersburg and became intimate with the doomed Russian Imperial Family, harbouring romantic feelings towards Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, whose photograph he kept at his bedside for the rest of his life.

After independence from Russia in 1917, the Finnish Civil War, including interventions by Imperial Germany and Soviet Russia, and failure of the Communist revolution, resulted in the official ban on Communism, and strengthening relations with Western countries.

* 1613 – Mikhail I is elected unanimously as Tsar by a national assembly, beginning the Romanov dynasty of Imperial Russia.

Finland's foreign politics before this deal had been varied: independence from Imperial Russia with support of Imperial Germany in 1917 ; participation in the Russian Civil War ( without official declaration of war ) alongside the Triple Entente 1918 – 1920 ; a non-ratified alliance with Poland in 1922 ; association with the neutralist and democratic Scandinavian countries in the 1930s ended by the Winter War ( 1939 ); and finally in 1940, a rapprochement with Nazi Germany, the only power able to protect Finland against the expansionist Soviet Union, leading to the Continuation War in 1941.

Its three largest neighbors were rivals Imperial Russia to the east, France to the west and ally Austria-Hungary to the south.

Marx and Engels wrote about other examples of guerrilla warfare during the American Civil War, by Tyroleans and Prussians against Napoleon, by Poland and the Caucasus against Imperial Russia, Pegu ( Burma ) against the British Empire.

Gallipoli did not experience any more wars until World War I, when British and colonial forces attacked the peninsula in 1915, seeking to secure a route to relieve their ally Imperial Russia in the east.

From 1918, camp-type detention facilities were set up, as a reformed analogy of the earlier system of penal labor ( katorgas ), operated in Siberia in Imperial Russia.

Imperial Russia purchased 400 Gatling guns and used them against Turkmen cavalry and other nomads of central Asia.

* Cossack host, was the administrative subdivision of Cossacks in Imperial Russia based on their location.

The Social History of Imperial Russia, 1700-1917 ( 2 vol Westview Press, 2000 ) vol 1 online ; vol 2 online

Historiography of Imperial Russia: The Profession and Writing of History in a Multinational State ( 1999 ).

The last attempted impeachment occurred in 1848, when David Urquhart accused Lord Palmerston of having signed a secret treaty with Imperial Russia and of receiving monies from the Tsar.

Initially the main task of the new Imperial Navy was coastal protection, with France and Russia seen as Germany's most likely future enemies.

The islands are almost exclusively Swedish-speaking, but in 1809, Sweden had lost both Finland and the Åland Islands to Imperial Russia.

Functionally, the Leninist vanguard party provided to the working class the political consciousness ( education and organisation ), and the revolutionary leadership necessary to depose capitalism in Imperial Russia.

Yet, in the early 20th century, the socio-economic backwardness of Imperial Russia ( uneven and combined economic development ) facilitated rapid and intensive industrialization, which produced a united, working-class proletariat in a predominantly rural, agrarian peasant society.

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky ( 19 September 1935 ) was an Imperial Russian and Soviet rocket scientist and pioneer of the astronautic theory.

* Alexei Kojevnikov, Stalin's Great Science: The Times and Adventures of Soviet Physicists ( Imperial College Press, 2004 ), ISBN 1-86094-420-5 ( discusses use of Fuchs's passed on information by Soviets, based on now-declassified files )

* August 20 – Armored forces under the command of Soviet General Georgi Zhukov deliver a decisive defeat to Japanese Imperial Army forces in the Japanese-Soviet border war in Inner Mongolia.

During the Russian Civil War, the Soviet Red Army troops took Tuva in January 1920, which was also part of the Qing Empire of China and a protectorate of Imperial Russia.

A point of view developed during the 19th and 20th centuries by linguists of Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union.

* Imperial State of Iran ( 1941 – 1946 )-German workers in Iran caused the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union to question Iran's neutrality.

They may be almost exclusively selected from a particular group ( for example, Sunni Arabs in Saddam Hussein's Iraq, the nomenklatura in the Soviet Union, or the Junkers in Imperial Germany ) that support the regime in return for such favors.

Russia and the other former Soviet Republics use a ( originally ) gauge while Finland continues to use the gauge inherited from Imperial Russia ( the two standards are close enough to allow full interoperability between Finland and Russia ).

These included European armies during World War I, Imperial Japanese Army and Soviet Red Army during World War II, Chinese People's Liberation Army during the Korean War, Vietnamese insurgents during the Indochina Wars, and Iranian Basij during the Iran – Iraq War.

Unlike the Czech Merkur sets, the Soviet ones used mixed Metric and Imperial measurements.

This incursion was founded in the beliefs of the Japanese side that the Soviet Union misinterpreted the demarcation of the boundary based on the Treaty of Peking between Imperial Russia and Manchu China.

A Russian settlement existed in the 18th century and its remains were later used as a basis for territorial claims by Imperial Russia in 1899 and again by the Soviet Union in 1947.

The Imperial Russian Ballet was also disbanded and was re-established as the Soviet Ballet.

The Air Forces were formed from components of the Imperial Russian Air Force in 1917, faced their greatest test during World War II, were involved in the Korean War, and dissolved along with the Soviet Union itself in 1991-92.

The aim of the striking workers and their socialist allies was said to have been to turn Imperial Germany into a Soviet Socialist Republic.

Nevertheless, the Imperial Japanese Army had designed military plans to be put into action in the case of a Soviet military collapse in the war against Germany.

The Bolsheviks condemned the aggressive foreign policy of Imperial Russia, promised never to interfere in Persia's internal affairs, but reserved the right to occupy it temporarily in the event another power used Persia for an attack on Soviet Russia.

Stavka () was the term used to refer to a command element of the armed forces from the time of the Kievan Rus ′, more formally during the history of Imperial Russia as administrative staff and General Headquarters during late 19th Century Imperial Russian armed forces and those of the Soviet Union.

* To disrupt the Soviet Unions efforts to supply China during the Second Sino-Japanese War, Imperial Japanese Navy bombers begin strikes on Lanchou.

The Baltic lands were nominally recognized as a sovereign state by emperor Wilhelm II only on September 22, 1918, half a year after Soviet Russia had formally relinquished all authority over its former Imperial Baltic provinces to Germany in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.