* 1946 – Massoud Barzani, Kurdish politician, President of Iraqi Kurdistan

A Kurdish people | Kurdish Kurdistan Workers ' Party | PKK guerrilla in Iraqi Kurdistan as part of the Kurdish – Turkish conflict.

The geography of Iraq is diverse and falls into four main regions: the desert ( west of the Euphrates ), Upper Mesopotamia ( between the upper Tigris and Euphratesh rivers ), the northern highlands of Iraqi Kurdistan, and Lower Mesopotamia, the alluvial plain extending from around Tikrit to the Persian Gulf.

* 1997 – The Turkish Armed Forces withdraw from northern Iraq after assisting the Kurdistan Democratic Party in the Iraqi Kurdish Civil War.

Some of its inhabitants call for the creation of an independent Kurdistan, citing mistreatment by the Turkish and Iraqi governments.

Anatolian sources of obsidian are known to have been the material used in the Levant and modern-day Iraqi Kurdistan from a time beginning sometime about 12, 500 BC.

A governorate centered around Tikrit and Samarra in modern-day Iraq, Salah ad Din Governorate, is named after him, as is Salahaddin University in Arbil, the largest city of Iraqi Kurdistan.

Iraqi Kurdistan has to date achieved the largest degree of self-determination through the formation of the Kurdistan Regional Government, an entity recognised by the Iraqi Federal Constitution.

The Republic of Ararat ( Ağrı Province, Turkey ), the Republic of Mehabad ( West Azerbaijan Province, Iran ) and the Kingdom of Kurdistan ( Sulaymaniyah Province, Iraqi Kurdistan, Iraq ), each of these fledgling states was crushed by military intervention.

The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan which currently holds the Iraqi presidency and the Kurdistan Democratic Party which governs the Kurdistan Regional Government both explicitly commit themselves to the development of Kurdish self-determination, but opinions vary as to the question of self-determination sought within the current borders and countries.

The Al-Anfal Campaign was a genocidal campaign against the Kurdish people ( and many others ) in Iraqi Kurdistan led by the Iraqi government of Saddam Hussein and headed by Ali Hassan al-Majid.

* In 2003 the 12 year self-government in Iraqi Kurdistan ends, developed under the protection of the UN " No-fly zone " during the now-ousted Saddam Hussein regime.

In 2005, 80 Iranian Kurds took part in an experiment and gained scholarships to study in Kurdish in Iraqi Kurdistan.

The central version, commonly called Sorani, is spoken in west Iran and much of Iraqi Kurdistan.

The Sorani group has been influenced by among other things its closer cultural proximity to the other languages spoken by Kurds in the region including the Gorani language in parts of Iranian Kurdistan and Iraqi Kurdistan.

Almost all Zaza-speaking communities, as well as speakers of another closely related language spoken in parts of Iraqi Kurdistan called Shabaki, identify themselves as ethnic Kurds.

* 2004 – U. S. media release graphic photos of American soldiers abusing and sexually humiliating Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison.

When the valley was flooded by the Haditha Dam at Haditha in 1984-85, the Iraqi State Board of Antiquities cut it into sections, and removed it to the new ' Anah where it was re-erected at the end of the 1980s.

In 1998 and 1999 AMRAAMs were again fired by USAF F-15 fighters at Iraqi aircraft violating the No-Fly-Zone, but this time they failed to hit their targets.

* 2008 – President George W. Bush makes his fourth and final ( planned ) trip to Iraq as president and is almost struck by two shoes thrown at him by Iraqi journalist Muntadhar al-Zaidi during a news conference in Baghdad.

Iraqi Army HMMWVs on display at Camp Echo, Iraq, in December 2008.

The war came at a great cost in lives and economic damage — half a million Iraqi and Iranian soldiers as well as civilians are believed to have died in the war with many more injured — but it brought neither reparations nor change in borders.

These attacks become predominately aimed at Iraqi collaborators rather than foreign occupation forces.

The aims of these attacks were not completely clear, but it was argued in 2006 / 7 that these attacks were aimed at fomenting civil conflict within Iraq to destroy the legitimacy of the newly created collaborationist Iraqi government ( which many of its nationalist critics saw as illegitimate and a product of the U. S. government ) and create an unsustainable position for the U. S. forces within Iraq.

* 1991 – Representatives from the United States and Iraq meet at the Geneva Peace Conference to try to find a peaceful resolution to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.

The island of Faylakah, at the mouth of Kuwait Bay, is also largely uninhabited as people did not return to their homes after the Iraqi invasion.

Lamassu | Bull man excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi archaeologists

The Central Intelligence Agency supported a variety of covert actions designed to depose Saddam Hussein, while Congress approved the Iraq Liberation Act in 1998 aimed at providing Iraqi opposition groups with increased financial assistance.

After secondary school Saddam studied at an Iraqi law school for three years, dropping out in 1957 at the age of 20 to join the revolutionary pan-Arab Ba ' ath Party, of which his uncle was a supporter.

The U. S. launched a missile attack aimed at Iraq's intelligence headquarters in Baghdad 26 June 1993, citing evidence of repeated Iraqi violations of the " no fly zones " imposed after the Gulf War and for incursions into Kuwait.

On 30 June 2004, Saddam Hussein, held in custody by U. S. forces at the U. S. base " Camp Cropper ", along with 11 other senior Ba ' athist leaders, were handed over legally ( though not physically ) to the interim Iraqi government to stand trial for crimes against humanity and other offences.

The execution was carried out at Camp Justice, an Iraqi army base in Kadhimiya, a neighborhood of northeast Baghdad.

In 2009, an agreement was reached for a joint University of Pennsylvania and Iraqi team to resume archaeological work at the site of Ur.

Inspector Scott Ritter attempts to conduct surprise inspections on the Republican Guard facility at the airport, but is blocked by Iraqi officials.

Although photos that were published at the time showed rows of Sheridans ready to defend against Iraqi tanks, they would not have been very effective against the Soviet-designed T-72s which comprised the bulk of the Iraqi Republican Guard.

It is likely that six or fewer Shillelagh missiles were fired at Iraqi bunkers ; this appears to be the only occasion in which Shillelagh missiles were fired in a combat environment, from the inventory of the aforementioned 88, 000 missiles produced.

The assault on the Iraqi positions on the Al Faw peninsula consisted of a DPV mounted SEAL force at the refinery and port with a larger force of US Marines from the 5th Regimental Combat Team of the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force attacking Iraqi positions farther north in the Rumaila oil fields.

At least two Iraqi war veterans were injured in the demonstrations, by police action.

Iraqi security forces had on several occasions physically prevented weapons inspectors from doing their job and in at least one case, took documents away from them.

# The least severe level for the criticism of a narrator is soft in hadith ( layyin al-ḥadīth ) and, according to al -' Iraqi, they have spoken about him ( takallamū fīhi ).

** Sixteen Americans were missing ; five of them were shown on Iraqi state TV as POWs and at least four were shown dead in what appeared to be a hospital room.

* UNSCOM discovers documents, at Iraqi Air Force headquarters, showing that Iraq overstated by at least 6, 000 the number of chemical bombs it told the U. N. it had used during the Iran – Iraq War.

The al-Taji Airbase, located 15 mi ( 27. 4 km ) northwest of the Iraqi capital, had been hit at least three times by GBU-27 / Bs from F-117 Nighthawks, " digging up the rose garden ".

According to the one of Iran analyst's of International Crisis Group ( a NGO founded in 1995 by World Bank Vice-President and former US diplomats ), " Kurds, who live in the some of the least developed parts of Iran, pose the most serious internal problem for Iran to resolve, and given what they see next door — the newfound confidence of Iraqi Kurds — there's concern Iranian Kurds will agitate for greater autonomy.

It has been employed for explicit war planning on at least two occasions: Internal Look ' 90, which was held after General Norman Schwarzkopf reoriented CENTCOM's planning to fending off a threat from Iraq, and Internal Look ' 03, which was used to plan what became Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Braziers have been recovered from many early archaeological sites, for example the Nimrud brazier recently excavated by the Iraqi National Museum, which dates back to at least 824 BCE.

* Occupation of Iraq: A large car bomb explodes in the central Iraqi town of Iskandariya, south of Baghdad, killing at least 50 people.

* Occupation of Iraq: At least 47 people, mostly Iraqi army recruits, are killed by a car bomb in Baghdad in the second major bomb attack in two days.

* Iraqi lawyers say Saddam Hussein is unlikely to stand trial for at least another two years.

In 2011, a group of Iraqi ornithologists counted a single flock of the rare marbled teal on the lakes of the Iraqi marshes, numbering at least 40, 000 birds.

The Ashura massacre of March 2, 2004 in Iraq was a series of planned terrorist explosions that killed at least 178 and injured at least 500 Iraqi Shi ' a Muslims commemorating the Day of Ashura.

Since 1998, at least 400 of the JSOW weapons have been used in the following conflicts: Operation Desert Fox Operation Southern Watch, NATO Operation Allied Force, Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom.

: c ) the wholesale destruction of some 2, 000 villages, which are described in government documents as having been " burned ", " destroyed ", " demolished " and " purified ", as well as at least a dozen larger towns and administrative centers ( nahyas and qadhas ); Since 1975, some 4, 000 Kurdish villages have been destroyed by the former Iraqi regime.

The Iraqi insurgency is composed of at least a dozen major organizations and perhaps as many as 40 distinct groups.

At least 109 Iraqi troops and police were killed in the month before the elections.

At least 200 Iraqi security forces were killed that month, however, as their more visible presence attracted the most attacks.

Perhaps the most commonly heard criticism, at least outside of the U. S., was that the Bush Administration's reason for going to war with Saddam was to gain control over Iraqi natural resources ( i. e., oil ).

Beginning with Saddam Hussein, there were at least 50 air strikes aimed at decapitating the Iraqi leadership.

There has however been at least one case of true abuse ; Corporal Donald Payne became Britain's first convicted war criminal after pleading guilty to abusing Iraqi detainees, which resulted in the death of one detainee Baha Mousa.