It entailed the recruitment of clerical scholars from Mercia, Wales and abroad to enhance the tenor of the court and of the episcopacy ; the establishment of a court school to educate his own children, the sons of his nobles, and intellectually promising boys of lesser birth ; an attempt to require literacy in those who held offices of authority ; a series of translations into the vernacular of Latin works the king deemed " most necessary for all men to know "; the compilation of a chronicle detailing the rise of Alfred's kingdom and house ; and the issuance of a law code that presented the West Saxons as a new people of Israel and their king as a just and divinely inspired law-giver.

From the late 1940s to the early 1960s, following the creation of the state of Israel, most of these Jews fled their countries of birth and are now mostly concentrated in Israel.

Almost all scholars agree that the book of Joshua holds little historical value for early Israel and most likely reflects a much later period.

Joshua's two final addresses challenge the Israel of the future ( the readers of the story ) to obey the most important command of all, to worship Yahweh and no other gods.

The theological bias is seen in the way it judges each king of Israel on the basis of whether he recognises the authority of the temple in Jerusalem ( none do, and therefore all are " evil "), and each king of Judah on the basis of whether he destroys the " high places " ( rivals to the Temple in Jerusalem ); it gives only passing mention to important and successful kings like Omri and Jeroboam II and totally ignores one of the most significant events in ancient Israel's history, the battle of Qarqar.

States often said to exhibit crony capitalism include the People's Republic of China ; India, especially up to the early 1990s when manufacturing was strictly controlled by the government ( the " Licence Raj "); Indonesia ; Argentina ; Brazil ; United Kingdom ; Malaysia ; Israel ; Russia ; the United States ; Tasmania ; and most other ex-Eastern Bloc states.

One of its most significant verses is, the Shema, which has become the definitive statement of Jewish identity: " Hear, O Israel: the

In a meeting with 8 Jewish and 8 Protestant Dutch leaders in Israel in May 2011, a statement of cooperation was issued, indicating, for the most part, that the Protestant Church recognizes the issues involved with the Palestinian Christians and that this is sometimes at odds with support for the State of Israel, but standing up for the rights of the Palestinians does not detract from the emphasis on the safety of the State of Israel and vice versa.

Most important are the reservation by most Arab nations concerning the immunity of diplomatic bags and non-recognition of Israel.

Contentious issues include Egypt's signing of the Camp David Accords with Israel in 1979, its support for Iraq in Iran's eight-year conflict, the Islamic Republic's hailing of Khalid Islambouli, the late President Anwar Sadat's assassin as a religious hero, seeing as there was both a street and mural named after him ( however, the honorer was changed to Muhammad al-Durrah, the 12-year-old Palestinian boy shot and killed during the outset of the Second Intifada ), and close Egyptian relations with the United States, and most of the Western European countries.

Carol Meyers in her commentary on Exodus suggests that it is arguably the most important book in the bible, as it presents the defining features of Israel's identity: memories of a past marked by hardship and escape, a binding covenant with the God who chooses Israel, and the establishment of the life of the community and the guidelines for sustaining it.

This most likely applies to King Solomon, but may also refer to his successors as the Bible referred to Judah as Israel in Kings / Chronicles for example.

These included strikes against leading Jordanian politicians, as a means of exacting vengeance and raising the price for attacking the Palestinian movement ; and also, most controversially, for " international operations " ( e. g. the Munich Olympics attack ), intended both to put pressure on the US, European countries and Israel, and to raise the visibility of the Palestinian cause, and to upstage radical rivals such as the PFLP.

The FSM is one of the most consistent supporters of Israel ( along with the United States ) in international affairs.

Israel does not recognize the possession of firearms as a right, and requires a license for the possession of a gun, however the circumstances in which one is eligible for a license are generally broader than most surrounding states.

In September 1995, Israel and the PLO signed a second peace agreement, extending the Palestinian Authority to most West Bank towns.

Presently, most of the West Bank is administered by Israel though 42 % of it is under varying degrees of autonomous rule by the Fatah-run Palestinian Authority.

The Assyrians sent most of the northern Israelite kingdom into exile, thus creating the " Lost Tribes of Israel ".

20 years later, the Jewish Agency leader, David Ben-Gurion wrote: " Had partition to the Peel Commission partition plan been carried out, the history of our people would have been different and six million Jews in Europe would not have been killed — most of them would be in Israel.

* Learning Hebrew, Young Israel ( most of the links leading to language learning are now dead links )

The most significant casualty was the state ideology of " Zion theology ," the idea that the god of Israel had chosen Jerusalem for his dwelling-place and that the Davidic dynasty would reign there forever.

About 42 % of all Jews reside in Israel and about 42 % reside in the United States and Canada, with most of the remainder living in Europe.

Second, the message begins with " Thus says YHVH, God of your father David ..." rather than the more usual "... in the name of YHVH the God of Israel.

National service is the usual term for compulsory military service programmes in countries including Austria, Cyprus, Denmark, Greece, Guyana, Israel, Iran, Mexico, Norway, Finland, the Republic of China ( Taiwan ), Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Switzerland and Turkey.

The usual view taken of Peter's use of the " apokatastasis of all the things about which God spoke " is that it refers to the restoration of the Kingdom of Israel and / or the Garden of Eden and not " all things that ever existed ".

After the U. S. Congress gave Israel a vote of confidence during it ’ s 2006 bombing of Lebanon, Eugene Bird said: “ This is the usual problem with any resolution that talks about Israel — there are a lot of closet naysayer ( in Congress ), but they don ’ t want to be a target of the lobby of Israel .” In October 2006 CNI published a piece on the negative effect of Christian Zionists on U. S. foreign policy, and held a forum on the topic.

The site's in-person activities have included the usual cruises and ski trips – but also organized trips to Israel.

Using this permission, Antonio Fernandez Carvajal and Simon de Caceres purchased a piece of land for a Jewish cemetery in 1657, and Solomon Dormido, a nephew of Menasseh Ben Israel, was admitted to the Royal Exchange as a duly licensed broker of the City of London, without taking the usual oath involving a statement of faith in Christianity.

The Israeli Air Force has a larger than usual birdstrike risk as Israel is on a major spring and autumn long-distance bird migration route.

They consider themselves to be Bene Yisrael (" Children of Israel "), a term used universally by Jewish denominations for the Jewish people as a whole, but do not call themselves Yehudim, the usual Hebrew word for Jews, considering it to denote only mainstream Jews.

The essence of Deuteronomistic theology is that Israel has entered into a covenant ( a treaty, a binding agreement ) with the god Yahweh, under which they agree to accept Yahweh as their god ( hence the phrase " god of Israel ") and Yahweh promises them a land where they can live in peace and prosperity.

Ezekiel's phrase “ glory of YHWH ” ( glory of Yahweh ) describes the presence of the God of Israel which filled the Temple.

In the end the phrase " Rock of Israel " was used, which could be interpreted as either referring to God, or the land of Eretz Israel, Ben-Gurion saying " Each of us, in his own way, believes in the ' Rock of Israel ' as he conceives it.

It concludes with the phrase " MiToh Bitahon BeTzur Yisrael ", roughly translated as " With faith in the God of Israel ", or alternatively " From the strength of Israel ".

Many parties, including the government of Israel, hold that this phrase does not mean that Israel should withdraw from all such territories, else the Security Council would have said " from the territories occupied ".

This is illustrated by the Dead Sea Scrolls and Septuagint texts of Deuteronomy 32: 8 – 9, in which El, as the head of the divine assembly, gives each member of the divine family a nation of his own, " according to the number of the divine sons ": Israel is the portion of Yahweh. The later Masoretic text, evidently uncomfortable with the polytheism expressed by the phrase, altered it to " according to the number of the children of Israel "

Proponents of Two House theology espouse their belief that the phrase " House of Judah " in scripture refers to Jews, while " the House of Israel " refers to the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel, or Ephraim.

Nili (, an acronym of a phrase נצח ישראל לא ישקר ( I Samuel 15: 29 ; transliteration: Netzakh Yisrael Lo Yishaker, translation: " The Eternity ( GOD ) of Israel will not lie ") was a Jewish espionage network which assisted the United Kingdom in its fight against the Ottoman Empire in Palestine during World War I.

Rabbinic ordination often includes the phrase, Rabbi, Teacher, and Preacher in Israel, and there is a long history of using sermons in Judaism as part of education, ethics, a call to repentance, or as a message of hope, often during difficult times.

Nevertheless, given the importance of moisture during the dry summer of Israel, many ( though not all ) versions of the liturgy insert the phrase " מוריד הטל ," " He causes the dew to fall ," during every Amidah of the dry half of the year.

In the early 1920s the missionary organisation Society of Friends of Israel requested that the phrase " perfidious Jews " be removed from the liturgy.

These verses comprise the Jewish prayer " Shema Yisrael ", beginning with the phrase: " Hear, O Israel, the LORD our God, the LORD is One "

Zionist entity (, ) is a phrase used by Arabs and Muslims as a pejorative and a as statement of nonrecognition of the State of Israel.

While today some use the phrase in a " neutral and non-pejorative fashion ," this use can obscure the fact that home nations and Israel may have sharp political differences.

To this group belong the blessing of Noah ( Genesis 9: 25-27 ), of Isaac ( 27: 28-29 and 39-40 ), and of Jacob ( 49: 3-27 ); Jethro's congratulation of Israel ( Exodus 18: 10 ); the blessing of Aaron ( Numbers 6: 24-26 ) and of Balaam ( 23: 7-10, 18-24, 24: 5-9, 24: 17-24 ); Moses ' farewell ( Deuteronomy 33: 1 and following ); the psalms that begin with " Ashre " = " Blessed is ," etc., or contain this phrase, as Psalms 1, 41, 84: 5 and following, 84: 13, 112, 119, 128.

Interpretations of the phrase range from the restoration of the nation of Israel to a world-wide kingdom, from a theocratic monarchy to an egalitarian utopia, and from an earthly kingdom to one in the afterlife.

In June 2012, the Toronto city council voted to condemn the phrase " Israeli apartheid ," as part of a resolution recognizing the gay Pride Toronto parade as a “ significant cultural event that strongly promotes the ideals of tolerance and diversity .” The resolution said it slams the term Israel Apartheid for undermining the values of Pride and diminishing “ the suffering experienced by individuals during the apartheid regime in South Africa .”