But by the 1940s, many of Boas ' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the " Axis " ( Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan ).

The Serbian-Croatian Cvetković-Maček government that came to power, distanced Yugoslavia's former allies of France and the United Kingdom, and moved closer to Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany in the period of 1935 – 1941.

Later on, Fascist Italy could also be considered as a " constitutional monarchy " of a kind, in the sense that there was a king as the titular head of state while actual power was held by Benito Mussolini under a constitution.

By contrast, the Fascist and Nazi regimes of Italy and Germany tended to confine their coercive activities to purely political aims, without any serious attempt to force the ideological conversion of their opponents.

Daggers achieved public notoriety in the 20th century as ornamental uniform regalia during the Fascist dictatorships of Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany.

Dress daggers were used by several other countries as well, including Japan but never to the same extent as those worn by the Military and Political bodies of the Third Reich or Fascist Italy.

Fascist Italy, however, allowed the use of Esperanto finding its phonology similar to that of Italian and publishing some touristic material in the language.

Fascist Italy, on the other hand, made some efforts of promoting tourism in Italy through Esperanto leaflets and appreciated the similarities of Italian and Esperanto.

Also, in spite of ideological differences, Fascist Italy was the first western country to recognize the Soviet Union, in 1933 Fascist Italy had signed a friendship and nonaggression treaty with the Soviet Union, and in the late 1930s both Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany supported rapproachment with the Soviet Union.

Many Fascists saw the Charter of Carnaro as an ideal constitution for a Fascist Italy.

The Fascists managed to seize control of several post offices and trains in northern Italy while the Italian government, led by a left-wing coalition, was internally divided and unable to respond to the Fascist advances.

In the 1920s, Fascist Italy pursued an aggressive foreign policy that included an attack on the Greek island of Corfu, aims to expand Italian territory in the Balkans, plans to wage war against Turkey and Yugoslavia, attempts to bring Yugoslavia into civil war by supporting Croat and Macedonian separatists to legitimize Italian intervention, and making Albania a de facto protectorate of Italy, which was achieved through diplomatic means by 1927.

In response to revolt in the Italian colony of Libya, Fascist Italy abandoned previous liberal-era colonial policy of cooperation with local leaders.

Fascist Italy created the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction ( IRI ), a giant state-owned firm and holding company that provided state funding to failing private enterprises.

The IRI was made a permanent institution in Fascist Italy in 1937, pursued Fascist policies to create national autarky, and had the power to take over private firms to maximize war production.

There was one sterile period: only one poem is dated between 1872 and 1882 and, except for the poems written on the trip to Italy in 1887, very few from 1882 to 1890.

By the conditions accepted in the treaty, the Avars were to take possession of Pannonia and the Lombards were promised military support in Italy should the need arise ; also, for a period of 200 years the Lombards were to maintain the right to reclaim their former territories if the plan to conquer Italy failed, thus leaving Alboin with an alternative open.

Italian lira | Italian coins during the Kingdom of Italy ( 1861-1946 ) | fascist period bore the portrait of King Victor Emmanuel III.

It was especially important for preserving in its libraries manuscripts of Greek and Latin authors throughout a period when instability and disorder caused their mass-destruction in western Europe and north Africa: On the city's fall, thousands of these were brought by refugees to Italy, and played a key part in stimulating the Renaissance, and the transition to the modern world.

They traveled to Italy together and upon returning, Munch began another fertile period in his art, which included landscapes and his final painting in " The Frieze of Life " series, The Dance of Life ( 1899 ).

The late Medieval period and the Renaissance saw the most prominent use of fresco, particularly in Italy, where most churches and many government buildings still feature fresco decoration.

The vihuela enjoyed only a short period of popularity in Spain and Italy during an era dominated elsewhere in Europe by the lute ; the last surviving published music for the instrument appeared in 1576.

Over a 75 year period the Ottoman Turks provided 33 governors and Libya remained part of the empire — although at times virtually autonomous — until Italy invaded it in 1911 in the Italo-Turkish War, as the Ottoman Empire was collapsing.

In 771, Charlemagne reunited the Frankish domains after a further period of division, subsequently conquering the Lombards under Desiderius in what is now northern Italy ( 774 ), incorporating Bavaria ( 788 ) into his realm, defeating the Avars of the Danubian plain ( 796 ), advancing the frontier with Islamic Spain as far south as Barcelona ( 801 ), and subjugating Lower Saxony after a prolonged campaign ( 804 ).

By the baroque period, in Italy and Spain, more strings were added to allow for chromatic notes ; these were usually in a second line of strings.

Earliest evidence of ham production in Italy comes from the Republican Roman period ( 400-300 BC ).

Strmiska notes that Hecate, conflated with the figure of Diana, appears in late antiquity and in the early medieval period as part of an " emerging legend complex " associated with gatherings of women, the moon, and witchcraft that eventually became established " in the area of Northern Italy, southern Germany, and the western Balkans.

The 1970s were a period of economic, political turmoil and social unrest in Italy.

As a matter of fact, in 1987, Italy had a period when it surpassed the British economy ( an event known as il sorpasso ), becoming the fifth in the world.

In the post-war period, Italy was transformed from an agricultural based economy which had been severely affected by the consequences of World War II, into one of the world's most industrialized nations, and a leading country in world trade and exports.

With the invasion of Southern Italy, the Allies restored the authority of the mafia families lost during the Fascist period and used their influence to maintain public order.

In the 2005-2009 period, Italy has been the first EU arms exporter towards Libya, with a total value of € 276. 7m, of which one third only in the last 2008 – 2009 years.

Luxemburg ’ s workerism and spontaneism are exemplary of positions later taken up by the far-left of the period – Pannekoek, Roland Holst, and Gorter in Holland, Sylvia Pankhurst in Britain, Gramsci in Italy, Lukacs in Hungary.

She is described as having heavy blonde hair which fell past her knees, a beautiful complexion, hazel eyes which changed colour, a full, high bosom, and a natural grace which made her appear to " walk on air "; these were the physical attributes that were highly appreciated in Italy during that period.

As the Middle Ages progressed in Italy, Italian cities began to rely mostly on mercenaries to do their fighting rather than the militias that had dominated the early and high medieval period in this region.

Pope Sergius III ( c. 860 − 14 April 911 ) was a pope of the Catholic Church from 29 January 904 to 14 April 911, during a period of feudal violence and disorder in central Italy, when the Papacy was a pawn of warring aristocratic factions, often led by prominent women.

The Renaissance (,,,, Original, from rinascere " to be reborn ") was a cultural movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe.

Matilda had a firm grounding in government from her time as Empress in Germany, where she had presided in court cases and acted as regent in Italy with the Imperial army on campaign.

The ceremony was presided by José Neto, Cardinal of Lisbon, then exiled in Seville, who had baptized D. Manuel when he was the Prince Royal ; D. Manuel was also assisted by the Prince of Wales ( Edward VIII ) and King Afonso XIII of Spain, as well as representatives of the Royal Houses of Europe ( including Spain, Germany, Italy, France and Romania, in addition to the principalities and German kingdoms ).

Ginzburg famously discovered records of a group of individuals in northern Italy, calling themselves benandanti, who believed that they went out of their bodies in spirit and fought amongst the clouds against evil spirits to secure prosperity for their villages, or congregated at large feasts presided over by a goddess, where she taught them magic and performed divinations.

Lavitola was introduced by Berlusconi to the delegation presided by Martinelli and his vice-president Juan Carlos Varela as the person who would represent him in negotiating the future agreement between Panama and Italy.

He presided over the important synod at Tribur in 895 and accompanied the king to Italy in 894 and 895, where he was received with great favor by Pope Formosus.

Partner Duane Wall assumed leadership of White & Case in 2000, and presided over further expansion of the firm, especially in Europe, where the firm opened in Italy ( Milan, 2001 ) and merged with one of Germany's largest firms, Feddersen.

Brother William was an inquisitor, who presided at some trials in England and Italy, where he distinguished himself by his perspicacity along with great humility.

Carlo Ginzburg has compared these spirit assemblies with others reported by similar groups elsewhere in Italy and Sicily, which were also presided over by a goddess-figure who taught magic and divination.