In Japan, longitudinal ( sideways window-lining ) seat is widely used in some commuter rail to increase capacity in rush hours.

In Japan, railways are a major means of passenger transportation, especially for mass and high-speed transport between major cities and for commuter transport in metropolitan areas.

The of Hankyu Railway is one of the three major commuter heavy rail line in the Keihanshin conurbation of Japan.

A dedicated business aviation terminal and commuter flights within Japan then became the key features of Nagoya's secondary airport.

It is the starting point and terminus for most of Japan's Shinkansen high-speed rail lines, and is served by many local and regional commuter lines of Japan Railways, as well as the Tokyo Metro network.

As of 2000, there were an estimated 80 million bicycles in Japan, accounting for 17 % of commuter trips, and in the Netherlands, 27 % of all trips are made by bicycle.

A major commuter hub, it is also the traditional terminus for long-distance trains from northern Japan, although with the extension of the Shinkansen lines to Tokyo Station this role has diminished in recent years.

With 2. 4 million passengers on an average weekday in 2004, it is the fourth-busiest commuter rail station in Japan ( after Shinjuku, Ikebukuro, and Ōsaka / Umeda ) handling a large amount of commuter traffic between the center city and suburbs to the south and west.

The is a commuter rail line in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area, owned and operated by West Japan Railway Company ( JR West ).

The is a commuter rail line in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Metropolitan Area owned and operated by West Japan Railway Company ( JR West ).

, is a regional commuter airline with its headquarters in the Terminal Building in Nagoya Airfield and in Toyoyama, Nishikasugai District, Aichi, Japan and its main hub at Nagoya Airfield.

In April 1991, a new division of JFA was created to operate scheduled services to succeed the troubled Nishi Seto Airlink services, a commuter airline serving cities in western Japan.

* The Odakyu Odawara Line commuter service in Tokyo and the Hisatsu Line on Kyushu in Japan.

* June 18 – A home-made bomb explodes on a Hyōgo-Himeji local commuter train at Shioya Station on the Sanyo Electric Railway Main Line, Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan.

In Japan Tokyu Car Corporation became the licensee of the Budd process and made the Stainless steel commuter cars like Series 7000 of Tokyu line.

* October 26 – Two cars of a commuter train operated by Oita Traffic Company are involved in a mudslide during a massive rainstorm at Ōita, eastern Kyūshū, Japan, 31 killed, 36 injured.

East Japan Railway Company ( JR East ) built an experimental E993 series electric multiple-unit ( EMU ) called the " AC Train " in January 2002 to test the feasibility of direct-drive motors on commuter trains.

The first Cedric featured two stacked headlights on either side of a large grille ( inspired by a late 1950s commuter train from Japan, the Tobu JNR 151 ).

The is a commuter railway line in Japan owned by private railway operator Tokyu Corporation.

* April 25 – Amagasaki rail crash: a JR West commuter train derails and strikes an apartment building in Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan, killing 106 and injuring more than 460 others.

was a commuter airline serving visitors and residents of Sado Island, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

The is an electric multiple unit ( EMU ) type used for commuter and outer-suburban services operated by East Japan Railway Company ( JR East ) in Japan since 2000.

* 2005 – 107 die in Amagasaki rail crash in Japan.

* Cassiopeia ( train ), an overnight rail service in Japan

* 1995: First successful use of common rail in a production vehicle, by Denso in Japan, Hino " Rising Ranger " truck.

** The Shinkansen high-speed rail system is inaugurated in Japan, for the first sector between Tokyo and Osaka.

In accordance with the treaty, both Japan and Russia agreed to evacuate Manchuria and return its sovereignty to China, but Japan leased the Liaodong Peninsula ( containing Port Arthur and Talien ), and the Russian rail system in southern Manchuria with access to strategic resources.

The first major shipment of CONEXes, containing engineering supplies and spare parts, was made by rail from the Columbus General Depot in Georgia to the Port of San Francisco, then by ship to Yokohama, Japan, and then to Korea, in late 1952 ; shipment times were almost halved.

Consequently, Japan had a greater need for new high speed lines than countries where the existing standard gauge or broad gauge rail system had more upgrade potential.

However, Shinji Sogo, President of Japan National Railways, insisted strongly on the possibility of high-speed rail, and the Shinkansen project was implemented.

Japan celebrated 40 years of high-speed rail in 2004, with the Tōkaidō Shinkansen line alone having carried 4. 16 billion passengers.

Faster high-speed rail of, such as the proposed Beijing-Shanghai Express Railway in China (, or 5 hours ) and Tokyo-Sapporo Hokkaido Shinkansen in Japan (, or 4 hours ), may play a significant role in long-distance travel in the future.

Passenger rail outside the Northeast, Northwest, California and Chicago is infrequent and rarely used relative to networks in Europe and Japan.

As Kennecott's smelter was demolished, copper concentrate from the mine is now shipped by rail to Seattle, where it is transported to Japan for smelting.

The Treaty of Portsmouth was later signed and both Japan and Russia agreed to evacuate Manchuria and return its sovereignty to China, but Japan was allowed to lease the Liaodong Peninsula ( containing Port Arthur and Talien ), and the Russian rail system in southern Manchuria with its access to strategic resources.

High speed rail may cause noise and wide swathes of rights-of-way through countrysides and urban communities but have helped China, Spain, France, Germany, Japan, and other nations deal with concurrent issues of economic competitiveness, climate change, energy use, and built environment sustainability.

* ACP Rail International Official site, Offers Eurail passes, BritRail, Amtrak, Japan Rail, Australia rail passes and more.

NFC vendors in Japan are closely related to mass-transit networks, like the Mobile Suica used on the JR East rail network.

The 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo are often said to mark the re-emergence of Japan in the international arena: Japan's postwar development was showcased through innovations such as the Shinkansen high speed rail network.

The idea of a tilting train became popular in the 1960s and 1970s when various rail operators, impressed by the high-speed rail services being introduced in France and Japan, wondered how they could similarly speed up travel without building a dedicated parallel rail network ( as those two countries were doing ).

The Tang culture and social systems were admired and adapted by neighboring countries like Japan.

Examples of narrow gauge systems are found in Japan, Switzerland, in the Brisbane ( Citytrain ) and Perth ( Transperth ) systems in Australia, in Sweden, and on the Genoa-Casella line in Italy.

During the Middle Ages, there were various systems involving elections or assemblies, although often only involving a small amount of the population, the election of Gopala in Bengal region of Indian Subcontinent, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ( 10 % of population ), the Althing in Iceland, the Løgting in the Faeroe Islands, certain medieval Italian city-states such as Venice, the tuatha system in early medieval Ireland, the Veche in Novgorod and Pskov Republics of medieval Russia, Scandinavian Things, The States in Tirol and Switzerland and the autonomous merchant city of Sakai in the 16th century in Japan.

The amendment defines a new PHY and such changes to the MAC as are necessary to support a new frequency allocation ( 950 MHz-956 MHz ) in Japan while coexisting with passive tag systems in the band.

Although knitting needle diameter is often measured in millimeters, there are several different size systems, particularly those specific to the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan ; a conversion table is given at knitting needle.

MEMS are also referred to as micromachines ( in Japan ), or micro systems technology – MST ( in Europe ).

Although SNK's American home entertainment division quickly acknowledged that the system simply was incapable to compete with the 3D-able powerhouse systems of the day like Sega's Saturn and Sony's PlayStation, SNK corporate of Japan felt they could continue to maintain profitable sales in the Japanese home market by shortening the previous system's load-times.

Mistakes do occur and the designers of reactors at Fukushima in Japan did not anticipate that a tsunami generated by an earthquake would disable the backup systems that were supposed to stabilize the reactor after the earthquake.

When the People's Republic was founded in 1949, the telecommunications systems and facilities in China first established by the Qing and Republican ITA and Ministry of Posts and Communications had been seriously damaged from over thirty years of on and off war between warlords, Japan, and the two sides of the Chinese Civil War.

During the 1960s, electrified high-speed railway systems were introduced in Japan and a few other countries.

In particular, he is widely recognized as having been the architect of the Prussian education system which was used as a model for education systems in countries such as the United States and Japan.

The DS0 rate, and its equivalents E0 and J0, form the basis for the digital multiplex transmission hierarchy in telecommunications systems used in North America, Europe, Japan, and the rest of the world, for both the early plesiochronous systems such as T-carrier and for modern synchronous systems such as SDH / SONET.

The µ-law algorithm ( sometimes written " mu-law ", or misspelled " u-law ") is a companding algorithm, primarily used in the digital telecommunication systems of North America and Japan.

Practical synchronous digital systems radiate electromagnetic energy on a number of narrow bands spread on the clock frequency and its harmonics, resulting in a frequency spectrum that, at certain frequencies, can exceed the regulatory limits for electromagnetic interference ( e. g. those of the FCC in the United States, JEITA in Japan and the IEC in Europe ).

In telecommunications, a T-carrier, sometimes abbreviated as T-CXR, is the generic designator for any of several digitally multiplexed telecommunications carrier systems originally introduced by Bell Labs and 1970 and used in North America, Japan ( Kyoto ), and South Korea.

Work on fuzzy systems is also proceeding in the US and Europe, though not with the same enthusiasm shown in Japan.

The " stepping switch " was a standard element used in automatic telephone exchanges in countries like the United States, Canada, the UK and Japan, whose large cities had good dial-telephone systems.

As of 2012 the maximum commercial speed was about for the majority of installed systems ( China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Taiwan, UK ), in Spain and in France.

In all developed economic systems, such as the European Union, the United States, Japan and other developed nations, the trend has been the same: saving has moved away from traditional ( government insured ) bank deposits to more risky securities of one sort or another

Amomum is used as a spice and as an ingredient in traditional medicine in systems of the traditional Chinese medicine in China, in Ayurveda in India, Pakistan, Japan, Korea and Vietnam.

Hamas gained popularity in Palestinian society by establishing hospitals, education systems, libraries and other services, but it has also claimed responsibility for a number of suicide attacks targeting Israeli civilians, leading to its being characterized by the European Union, Israel, Japan, Canada, and the United States as a terrorist organization.