Trinitite, the glassy residue left on the desert floor near Alamogordo, New Mexico, after the plutonium-based Trinity nuclear bomb test on 16 July 1945, contains traces of americium-241.

A medal awarded to women who served in the Women Army Auxiliary Corps from 10 July 1942 to 31 August 1943, and to the Women Army Corps from 1 September 1943 to 2 September 1945 featured Athena on the front.

* Potsdam Declaration: July 26, 1945.

In July 1957, former Conservative President Laureano Gómez ( 1950 – 1953 ) and former Liberal President Alberto Lleras ( 1945 – 1946, 1958 – 1962 ) issued the " Declaration of Sitges ," in which they proposed a " National Front ," whereby the Liberal and Conservative parties would govern jointly.

It was also the first full coalition in Britain since 1945, having been formed 70 years virtually to the day after the establishment of Winston Churchill's wartime coalition, although there had been the " Lib-Lab pact ", an agreement stopping short of a full coalition between the Labour and Liberal parties, from March 1977 until July 1978, when a series of by-election defeats had eroded Labour's majority of three seats which had been gained at the October 1974 election.

Included in that collection were “ Judgment Night ” ( first published in August and September, 1943 ), the lush rendering of a future galactic empire with a sober meditation on the nature of power and its inevitable loss ; “ The Code ” ( July, 1945 ), an homage to the classic Faust with modern theories and Lovecraftian dread ; “ Promised Land ” ( February, 1950 ) and “ Heir Apparent ” ( July, 1950 ) both documenting the grim twisting that mankind must undergo in order to spread into the solar system ; and “ Paradise Street ” ( September, 1950 ), a futuristic take on the Old West conflict between lone hunter and wilderness-taming settlers.

Fermi was present as an observer of the Trinity test on July 16, 1945.

He returned finally to London to cover the 1945 UK General Election at the beginning of July.

The International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) is an international organization that was created on July 22, 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference and came into existence on December 27, 1945 when 29 countries signed the Articles of Agreement.

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | British Prime Minister Clement Attlee, President of the United States | U. S. President Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin at the Potsdam Conference, July 1945. At the Potsdam Conference from July to August 1945, though Germany had surrendered months earlier, instead of withdrawing Soviet forces from Eastern European countries, Stalin had not moved those forces.

By July 1945, Stalin's troops effectively controlled the Baltic States, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania, and refugees were fleeing out of these countries fearing a Communist take-over.

* 1945 – The Labour Party wins the United Kingdom general election of July 5 by a landslide, removing Winston Churchill from power.

* Gary Harold Lee Levitch was born on July 31, 1945 to Lewis and Patti Palmer.

The opera takes place in June and July 1945, mainly over the last few hours before the first atomic bomb explodes at the test site in New Mexico.

The U. S. turned over the city to the Red Army as it pulled back from the line of contact with Soviet forces in July 1945 to the pre-designated occupation zone boundaries.

These were first established in July 1945, when the Soviets forcibly ejected newly arrived Polish inhabitants from the parts of the city they wanted for their own use.

In July 1945, as Soviet police ranks were converted to a military uniform system, Beria's rank was officially converted to that of Marshal of the Soviet Union.

Ambroise-Paul-Toussaint-Jules Valéry (; 30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945 ) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher.

Named in honor of Samuel Bell Maxey, it was activated on 15 July 1942 and deactivated 1 October 1945.

* In July 1945, John Curtin died suddenly.

Joseph Stalin and Harry Truman meeting at the Potsdam Conference on 18 July 1945.

It chaired the CSCE ( the forerunner of the OSCE ) in 1994, the EU in 1996, and the G8 in 2001, and held the EU presidency from July to December 2003.

* July 3 – Charles Babbage publishes a proposal for a " difference engine ", a forerunner of the modern computer for calculating logarithms and trigonometric functions.

* July 14 – Sebastián Francisco de Miranda y Rodríguez forerunner of Latin American independece.

* July 16 – The Relief of Sick and Disabled Seamen Act is signed into law, creating the Marine Hospital Service, the forerunner to the current United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps.

On July 30, 1918, Kilmer volunteered to accompany Major William " Wild Bill " Donovan ( later, in World War II, the founder of the Office of Strategic Services — forerunner to the Central Intelligence Agency ) when Donovan's Battalion ( 1 – 165th Infantry ) was sent to lead the day's attack.

On July 7, 1991, Hong Kong Office of the Commissioner of Banking ( forerunner of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority ) ordered BCCI to shut down its business in Hong Kong on the grounds that BCCI had problem loans and the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi, the major shareholder of BCCI, refused to provide funds to the Hong Kong BCCI.

The organization of fire fighters started on July 1, 1913 after the Village Council passed an ordinance creating the Volunteer Fire Company and was the forerunner of the present-day modern Volunteer Fire Department.

Vannevar Bush, director of the office of scientific research and development for the U. S. government in July 1945, wrote " Science is a proper concern of government " Vannevar Bush directed the forerunner of the National Science Foundation, and his writings directly inspired researchers to invent the hyperlink and the computer mouse.

* July 3-Charles Babbage publishes a proposal for a " difference engine ", a mechanical forerunner of the modern computer for calculating logarithms and trigonometric functions.

" In the midst of the vibrant city, Hassam painted July Fourteenth, Rue Daunou during the Bastille Day celebrations, a forerunner of his famous Flag series ( see below ).

In July, 1915, Jannus successfully flew the prototype Curtiss JN-3, forerunner of the JN-4 " Jenny " of World War I fame.

On July 2, 1968, CHUM-FM changed formats to progressive rock, a forerunner to today's adult album alternative format, by playing a wide range of music ranging from world music and jazz to classical and folk.

On July 1, 1971, Manzano Base was merged, along with Sandia Base, into Kirtland Air Force Base.

On July 1, 1971, Sandia Base and Manzano Base were merged into Kirtland Air Force Base, their neighbor to the west.

In July and August 1946, Kirtland Field and Sandia Base personnel took part in Operation Crossroads at the Eniwetok Proving Ground in the Pacific ’ s Marshall Islands.

On 1 July 1971, Kirtland merged with Sandia Base and Manzano Base, its neighbors to the east.

The Energy Policy Act of 2005 () is a bill passed by the United States Congress on July 29, 2005, and signed into law by President George W. Bush on August 8, 2005, at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

From 1 July 1960 through 31 January 1961, six courses were conducted: Workshop in Resident Training in Pathology, Pathology of Diseases of Laboratory Animals, Application of Histochemistry of Pathology, Orthopedic Pathology, Forensic Sciences Symposium, and Forensic Pathology.

*< cite id = tr32-1306 > W G Melbourne, J D Mulholland, W L Sjogren, F M Sturms ( 1968 ), " Constants and Related Information for Astrodynamic Calculations ", NASA Technical Report 32-1306, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, July 15, 1968 .</ cite >

On July 29, 1969, less than a week before closest approach, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory lost contact with Mariner 7.

On July 17, 2009 LLNL announced that the Laboratory had captured eight R & D 100 Awards – more than it had ever received in the annual competition.

From July 17 to July 27, 1956, the Naval Research Laboratory ( NRL ) shipboard launched eight Deacon rockoons for solar ultraviolet and X-ray observations at ~ 30 ° N ~ 121. 6 ° W, southwest of San Clemente Island, apogee: 120 km.

Exterior of National Synchrotron Light Source II facility, taken 22 July 2012 during Brookhaven National Laboratory " Summer Sundays " public tour. The lab is building NSLS-II, which in 2015 will replace the NSLS after more than 30 years of operation.

After a time, the TX-0 was no longer considered worth keeping at Lincoln Lab, and was " loaned " ( semi-permanently ) to the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics ( RLE ) in July 1958, where it became a centerpiece of research that would eventually evolve into the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab and the original computer " hacker " culture.

* USAF Armament Laboratory, 1 March 1966-18 July 2012

* Army Air Forces Materiel Center Technical Data Laboratory 3 December 1942-1 July 1945

Beginning in July 1959, the three-year-old chimpanzee was trained under the direction of neuroscientist Joseph V. Brady at Holloman Air Force Base Aero Medical Field Laboratory to do simple, timed tasks in response to electric lights and sounds.

" Status and Aims of the DUMAND Neutrino Project: the Ocean as a Neutrino Detector ", Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory ( FNAL ), United States Department of Energy ( through predecessor agency the Energy Research and Development Administration ), ( July 1976 ).

Argonne National Laboratory outside Chicago is the first science and engineering research national laboratory in the United States, receiving this designation on July 1, 1946.

On July 1, 1946, the laboratory was formally chartered as Argonne National Laboratory to conduct " cooperative research in nucleonics.

" The Determination of Molecular Structure from Rotational Spectra ", Stanford University, University of California, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley, United States Department of Energy ( through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission ), ( July 1962 ).

Jarvis was working on advanced satellite designs in the Systems Application Laboratory when he was selected as a payload specialist candidate in July 1984.

* NRL Railgun Demonstration Video US Naval Research Laboratory, July 2010

The New Jersey Department of Higher Education authorized Felician College to offer a two-year program in Medical Laboratory Technology in July 1973, a four-year Liberal Arts program in January 1974, and a four-year program in Special Education in 1975.

Ronald Newbold Bracewell AO ( July 22, 1921 – August 12, 2007 ) was the Lewis M. Terman Professor of Electrical Engineering, Emeritus of the Space, Telecommunications and Radioscience Laboratory at Stanford University.

On the fortieth anniversary of Project MAC's establishment, July 1, 2003, LCS re-merged with the AI Lab to form the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, or CSAIL.

From June 1974 to July 1975, he was the Laboratory Executive Officer and Chief of the Management Operations Office.

ISABELLE was a 200 + 200 GeV proton-proton colliding beam particle accelerator partially built by the United States government at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York, before it was cancelled in July, 1983.

" Some Comments on the Decays of eta ( 550 )", Brookhaven National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy ( through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission ), ( July 1966 ).

The second in the series of International Microgravity Laboratory payloads ( IML-2 ) was launched on the Space Shuttle Columbia ’ s STS-65 mission on 8 July 1994.