The prose introduction to Lokasenna and Snorri's list of kennings state that Ægir is also known as Gymir, who is Gerðr's father, but this is evidently an erroneous interpretation of kennings in which different giant-names are used interchangeably.

According to Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda book Skáldskaparmál, in his retelling of the Poetic Edda poem Lokasenna, she is married to Ægir and they have nine daughters together.

Gymir is also equated with Ægir in the prose introduction to Lokasenna ; however, the Nafnaþulur added later to the Prose Edda list him among the giants.

Iðunn is introduced as Bragi's wife in the prose introduction to the poem Lokasenna, where the two attend a feast held by Ægir.

" In the Lokasenna, Loki kills Fimafeng during a feast for the Æsir being hosted by Ægir.

For example in Lokasenna the god Loki insults the other gods in the hall of Ægir and the poem Hárbarðsljóð in which Hárbarðr ( generally considered to be Odin in disguise ) engages in flyting with Thor.

If Bragi's mother is Frigg, then Frigg is somewhat dismissive of Bragi in the Lokasenna in stanza 27 when Frigg complains that if she had a son in Ægir's hall as brave as Baldr then Loki would have to fight for his life.

The appearance of Bragi in the Lokasenna indicates that if these two Bragis were originally the same, they have become separated for that author also, or that chronology has become very muddled and Bragi Boddason has been relocated to mythological time.

Lokasenna relates that a large group of Æsir and elves had assembled at Ægir's court for a banquet.

According to Lokasenna, Loki rebukes the gods at the start of the poem for not properly welcoming him to the feast at Ægir's hall.

In the prose introduction to Lokasenna, Beyla and Byggvir are cited as attending In stanza 55 of Lokasenna, after his verses with Sif, Loki accuses Beyla of being filthy but the reason for this is unclear.

In Lokasenna, Loki is depicted as degrading Byggvir for being of slight statue and as a gossiper:

The story borrowed parts of Heimskringla, parts of the poem Lokasenna ( of Gefjon sleeping with a boy for a necklace ), parts of the Húsdrápa poem ( of Loki stealing Brisingamen ), and the eternal battle Hjaðningavíg.

The story parallels elements of earlier stories such as Heimskringla ( euhemerization of gods ), parts of the poem Lokasenna ( Loki's accusation of Gefjun sleeping with a boy for a necklace ), parts of the Húsdrápa poem ( Loki stealing the necklace Brísingamen ), and the eternal battle Hjaðningavíg ( various earlier sources ).

The poem Lokasenna ( Old Norse " Loki's Quarrel ") centers around Loki flyting with other gods ; Loki puts forth two stanzas of insults while the receiving figure responds with a single stanza, and then another figure chimes in.

Other terms used to refer to the events surrounding Ragnarök in the Poetic Edda include aldar rök (" end of the world ") from stanza 39 of Vafþrúðnismál, tíva rök from stanzas 38 and 42 of Vafþrúðnismál, þá er regin deyja (" when the gods die ") from Vafþrúðnismál stanza 47, unz um rjúfask regin (" when the gods will be destroyed ") from Vafþrúðnismál stanza 52, Lokasenna stanza 41, and Sigrdrífumál stanza 19, aldar rof (" destruction of the world ") from Helgakviða Hundingsbana II stanza 41, regin þrjóta (" end of the gods ") from Hyndluljóð stanza 42, and, in the Prose Edda, þá er Muspellz-synir herja (" when the sons of Muspell move into battle ") can be found in chapters 18 and 36 of Gylfaginning.

In stanzas 53 and 54 of the poem Lokasenna, after pouring Loki a crystal cup of mead during his series of insults towards the gods, Sif states that there is nothing Loki can say only in regard to her.

In the prose section at the end of Lokasenna, the gods catch Loki and bind him with the innards of his son Nari, while they turn his son Narfi into a wolf.

It is characteristic of the Germanic tradition of poetry that the sacred or heroic cannot be separated from the ecstatic or drunken state, and correspondingly crude jesting ( compare the Lokasenna, where the poet humorously depicts the gods themselves as quarrelsome and malicious ), qualities summed up in the concept of, the name-giving attribute of the god of poetry,.

In the poem Lokasenna, where Loki accuses nearly every female in attendance of promiscuity and / or unfaithfulness, an aggressive exchange occurs between Loki and Freyja.

Sigyn is mentioned again in Gylfaginning in chapter 50, where events are described differently than in Lokasenna.

The only surviving mention of Byggvir appears in the prose beginning of Lokasenna, and stanzas 55 through 56 of the same poem, where he is referred to as one of Freyr's servants and as the husband of Beyla.

Frigg is sometimes accused of infidelity to Odin, specifically in Ynglinga saga, Gesta Danorum and Lokasenna, where Loki accuses her of it.

Accounts of the symbel are preserved in the Anglo-Saxon Beowulf ( lines 489-675 and 1491 – 1500 ), Dream of the Rood and Judith, Old Saxon Heliand, and the Old Norse Lokasenna as well as other Eddic and Saga texts, such as in the Heimskringla account of the funeral ale held by King Sweyn, or in the Fagrskinna.

But " wish-son " in stanza 16 of the Lokasenna could mean " Odin's son " and is translated by Hollander as Odin's kin.

The same story is referenced in one stanza of the poem, Lokasenna, in which Loki insults Frigg by accusing her of infidelity with Odin's brothers:

Modern scholars such as Lee Hollander explain that Lokasenna was intended to be humorous and that the accusations thrown by Loki in the poem are not necessarily to be taken as " generally accepted lore " at the time it was composed.

A depiction of Lokasenna ( 1895 ) by Lorenz Frølich

Lokasenna ( 1895 ) by Lorenz Frølich.

In Lokasenna, Tyr is taunted with cuckoldry by Loki, maybe another hint that he had a consort or wife at one time.

Dumézil argues that this play on Víðarr's spatiality would have been understood by an audience familiar with the God, an interpretation further warranted by his reading of the Lokasenna as being in significant part a book of puns and word plays about the different Aesir.

Lokasenna ( 1895 ) by Lorenz Frølich.

* Lokasenna Translation and commentary by Henry A. Bellows

* Ægisdrekka, eða Lokasenna, eða Lokaglepsa Translation by Benjamin Thorpe

Regarding the accusations leveled towards Iðunn by Loki, Lee Hollander opines that Lokasenna was intended to be humorous and that the accusations thrown by Loki in the poem are not necessarily to be taken as " generally accepted lore " at the time it was composed.

In Lokasenna, it was neither Odin nor Thor but Loki himself who during his verbal sparring with Skadi lays claim to the death of her father in stanza 50:

In Lokasenna, Thor is called Jarðar burr ( son of Jörð ).

In the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from traditional source material reaching into the pagan period, Thor appears ( or is mentioned ) in the poems Völuspá, Grímnismál, Skírnismál, Hárbarðsljóð, Hymiskviða, Lokasenna, Þrymskviða, Alvíssmál, and Hyndluljóð.

That Bragi was also the first to speak to Loki in the Lokasenna as Loki attempted to enter the hall might be a parallel.

In the Poetic Edda, Freyja is mentioned or appears in the poems Völuspá Grímnismál, Lokasenna, Þrymskviða, Oddrúnargrátr, and Hyndluljóð.

In the Poetic Edda, Heimdallr is attested in six poems ; Völuspá, Grímnismál, Lokasenna, Þrymskviða, Rígsþula, and Hrafnagaldr Óðins.

In various poems from the Poetic Edda ( stanza 2 of Lokasenna, stanza 41 of Hyndluljóð, and stanza 26 of Fjölsvinnsmál ), and sections of the Prose Edda ( chapter 32 of Gylfaginning, stanza 8 of Haustlöng, and stanza 1 of Þórsdrápa ) Loki is alternately referred to as Loptr, which is generally considered derived from Old Norse lopt meaning " air ", and therefore points to an association with the air.

In the Poetic Edda, Loki appears ( or is referenced ) in the poems Völuspá, Lokasenna, Þrymskviða, Reginsmál, Baldrs draumar, and Hyndluljóð.

In the late flyting poem Lokasenna, an exchange between Njörðr and Loki occurs in stanzas 33, 34, 35, and 36.

Consequently, Nerthus has been identified with Njörðr's unnamed sister with whom he had Freyja and Freyr, which is mentioned in Lokasenna.

In stanza 39 of the Poetic Edda poem Lokasenna, and in the Prose Edda, the form ragnarøk ( k ) r appears, røk ( k ) r meaning " twilight.

Sigyn is mentioned a second ( and final ) time in the ending prose section of the poem Lokasenna.

In the Poetic Edda, Víðarr is mentioned in the poems Völuspá, Vafthrúdnismál, Grímnismál, and Lokasenna.