According to Kenneth S. Rogoff, " Although the development of international capital markets was quite limited prior to 1800, we nevertheless catalog the numerous defaults of France, Portugal, Prussia, Spain, and the early Italian city-states.

During the 19th century, after Schleswig-Holstein had come under the government of Prussia ( from 1871 the German Empire ) following the Second Schleswig War in 1864, a combination of naval interests — the German navy wanted to link its bases in the Baltic and the North Sea without the need to sail around Denmark — and commercial pressure encouraged the development of a new canal.

The constant dynamic development of the Kingdom of Prussia and good economic conditions saw the city develop.

* Huguenot refugees in Prussia are thought to have contributed significantly to the development of the textile industry in that country.

Like the rest of Montgomery County, King of Prussia continues to experience rapid development.

The extensive suburban development that has taken place since the 1960s in King of Prussia has led urban planning scholars like Joel Garreau to label the area as an epitome of the edge city phenomenon, a situation where the most vibrant economic growth and prosperity in a metropolitan area ( in this case, Philadelphia ) no longer occurs in the urban center, but rather at its periphery.

With the development of trade in the 16th century a new straighter trade route to Prussia was built along a new street that is called Liela ( large ) Street today.

At this time the British Royal Navy was pleased to assist that of Prussia in its development and a considerable respect grew up in Prussian officers of their British counterparts.

After the Franco-Prussian War Lavisse studied the development of Prussia and wrote Etude sur l ' une des origines de la monarchie prussienne, ou la Marche de Brandebourg sous la dynastie ascanienne, which was his thesis for his doctor's degree, and Etudes sur l ' Histoire de la Prusse ( 1879 ).

This development was accompanied and supported since early March by protest rallies and risings in many German states, including Baden, the Kingdom of Bavaria, the Kingdom of Saxony, the Kingdom of Württemberg, Austria and Prussia.

The area was 28, 951 km² and contained most of the territories of the historical province of Greater Poland, which comprised the western parts of the Duchy of Warsaw ( Departments of Poznań, Bydgoszcz, partly Kalisz ) that were ceded to Prussia according to the Congress of Vienna ( 1815 ) with an international guarantee of self-administration and free development of the Polish nation.

Immediately upon his appointment, he established the Abteilung ( section or department ) which studied and promoted the development of railway networks within Prussia and incorporated them into its deployment plans.

It began development in the 1830s under von Dreyse and eventually an improved version of it was adopted by Prussia in the late 1840s.

This development turned out to be fatal to the Polish monarchy, as the two parts of the rising Kingdom of Prussia were separated by a Polish Corridor.

The Bureau's main task was to document the Polish claims on German lands east of the Oder river and the area of Prussia as well as planning of their post-war development.

One of the first to work for the development of a Prussian Navy was Prince Adalbert of Prussia.

Also, his government activity was inferior in the development of the Absolutism and a Standing army in comparison with Bohemia and Prussia.

The nationalization of the railways slowed the economic development of Prussia because the state favoured the relatively backward agricultural areas in its railway building.

He was to prove to be a key figure in the development of the secret police in Prussia as well as the whole union.

He promoted the development of Prussia such as the Oderbruch.

The development of the Schuylkill Expressway ( I-76 ) in the 1960s and the subsequent development of King of Prussia as a major business center increased Gladwyne's appeal, as it was the Main Line town situated closest to the Expressway and midway between King of Prussia and Center City Philadelphia.

This was presented to the spiritual and temporal rulers in various parts of Christendom in 1836, beginning with an appeal to the bishops of the Church of England, then in a more comprehensive form to the Pope and other leaders in Christendom, including the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, the Tsar of Russia, the Kings of France, Prussia, Denmark, and Sweden, as well as King William IV of England.

The end of the struggle against Prussia allowed a renewal of democratic agitation in Württemberg, but this had achieved no tangible results when the great war between France and Prussia broke out in 1870.

When in the same year the Hanse evacuated all the Danish castles in fulfillment of the Treaty of Stralsund, Prussia argued in favour of a renewal of the Cologne Federation for the upcoming conflict with England, but could not prevail .< ref name =" Dollinger 1998 102 "> Philippe Dollinger, Die Hanse Hanse ( XII < sup > e </ sup >- XVII < sup > e </ sup > siècles ); German, see references for bibliographical details, p. 102.

Bismarck saw the Kulturkampf as a means of stopping this trend, which was led by the Catholic clergy in West Prussia, Poznania and Silesia.

It means diplomatic capitulation of Prussia to the Austrian Empire, which takes over the leadership of the German Confederation.

zabory ) means each part of the Commonwealth seized in 1772 – 1795 and turned into a new province of either Imperial Russia, Prussia or Austria.

Examples include Wittenberg, the old capital of the Saxon Elector State during the Holy Roman Empire, and seat of the National University made famous by Martin Luther and Melanchthon ( which was already done away with in 1817 by means of a merger with the Prussian University of Halle ), and Torgau, birthplace and place of residence of the Elector Frederick the Wise, which was incorporated into one of the new hybrids created by Prussia under the name Province of Saxony.

Görtz next attempted to undermine the grand alliance against Sweden by negotiating with Russia, Prussia and Saxony for the purpose of isolating Denmark, or even of turning the arms of the allies against her, a task by no means impossible in view of the strained relations between Denmark and the tsar.

It was set up by Otto von Bismarck to increase land ownership by Germans at the expense of Poles, by economic and political means, in the German Empire's eastern provinces of West Prussia and the Posen as part of his larger efforts aiming at the eradication of the Polish nation.

Other means included the Prussian deportations from 1885 – 1890, in which non-Prussian nationals who had lived in Prussia for substantial time periods ( mostly Poles and Jews ) were removed and a ban was issued on the building of houses by non-Germans ( see Drzymała's van ).

The Goethe University Frankfurt ( full German name: Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main ) is a university which was founded in 1914 as a Citizens ' University, which means that, while it was a State university of Prussia, it had been founded and financed by the wealthy and active liberal citizenry of Frankfurt am Main, a unique feature in German university history.

In the early spring of 1807, when directed by Napoleon to order a large number of military cloaks for the army, then in East Prussia, he found that the only means of procuring them expeditiously was to order them from England.

Because the Kingdom of Prussia already had problems financing and equipping its regular forces, the volunteers had to equip and supply themselves by their own means, as they were not paid wages.

In that year, he made his way back, a man without means, to Prussia.

Dönhoff was born to an old aristocratic family (" Gräfin " means " Countess ") in Schloss Friedrichstein, East Prussia in 1909.

In 1931 in Prussia, the largest state of Germany, Communist Party of Germany ( KPD ), which referred to the Nazis as " working people's comrades ", united with them in unsuccessful attempt to bring down the state government of SPD by means of a plebiscite.

This gave a good pretext to Prussia to engage in war with Denmark in order to seize Schleswig and Holstein for itself, both by pleasing nationalists by ' liberating ' Germans from Danish rule, and by implementing the law of the German Confederation.

As the events of 1863 threatened to politically divide the two duchies, Prussia was handed a good pretext to engage in war with Denmark to seize Schleswig-Holstein for itself, both by pleasing nationalists in " liberating " Germans from Danish rule, and by implementing the law of the German Confederation.

In the Baltic Sea region, Poland's struggle with the Teutonic Knights continued and included the Battle of Grunwald ( German: Battle of Tannenberg ; Lithuanian: Battle of Žalgiris ) ( 1410 ) and in 1466 the milestone Peace of Thorn under King Casimir IV Jagiellon ; the treaty created the future Duchy of Prussia.

Bismarck launched an anti-Catholic Kulturkampf (" culture struggle ") in Prussia in 1871.

Much of Clausewitz's thinking was based on his experience as a Prussian war planner concerned with how to use popular forces in an insurrectionary struggle against the much-superior French forces which occupied Prussia after 1806 — how, in short, to wage a " Spanish War in Germany.

The most enduring military historical interest and importance of the war lies in the struggle of Prussia and the Habsburg monarchs for the region of Silesia.

Only briefly engaged in the revolutionary struggle during 1848, Lassalle reentered public politics during 1862, motivated by a constitutional struggle in Prussia.

For example between 1945 and 1948, the remaining six ecclesiastical provinces (), each territorially comprising one of the Old Prussia provinces, within the Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union assumed independence as a consequence of the estrangement among them during the Nazi struggle of the churches.

But there were two other reasons why he refused: to do so would have done little to end the internal power struggle between Austria and Prussia, and all Prussian kings ( up to and including William I ) feared that the formation of a German Empire would mean the end of Prussia ’ s independence within the German states.

A major issue in the struggle was the rivalry between Austria, the traditional principal power in Germany, and the ascending Prussia.

The German term ( literally, " culture struggle ") refers to German policies in relation to secularity and the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, enacted from 1871 to 1878 by the Prime Minister of Prussia, Otto von Bismarck.

For instance, after Papen's government carried out a coup d ' état in Prussia, the KPD called for a general strike and turned to the SPD leadership for joint struggle.

Although Maria was initially reluctant to become Napoleon's mistress, she was convinced to do so by the Emperor's aide, General Géraud Duroc ( Grand Marshal of the Palace ) and a number of Polish aristocrats, who hoped that she could influence the emperor to support Poland in its struggle to regain independence from Prussia, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire.

Ujejski was involved in Poland's struggle for independence after it had been partitioned and erased from the map of Europe by neighbouring countries ( Russian Empire, Prussia and Austrian Empire ).

After the struggle for liberty, Eichsfeld was returned to Prussia.

In Europe, although Britain's allies ( chiefly Prussia ) carried the main burden of the struggle, British troops eventually played an important role at the decisive Battle of Minden.

Meanwhile Prussia, after being at war with France during the years 1792 – 1795, came to terms with it at Basel in April 1795, and remained at peace until 1806, though Austria and South Germany continued the struggle with France for most of that interval.

In the Baltic Sea region Poland's struggle with the Teutonic Knights continued and included the milestone Peace of Thorn under King Casimir IV Jagiellon ; the treaty created the future Duchy of Prussia.

The Teutonic Knights had been in a long power struggle with Poland over Prussia.