In 2006 four batteries ( divizions in Russian terminology ; about 6 systems each ) of S-300 anti-aircraft systems were acquired from Russia to reinforce the Joint CIS Air Defense System.

Georgia left the CIS in August 2008 after a clash with Russia over South Ossetia.

Italy has worked closely with the United States and others on such issues as NATO and UN operations as well as with assistance to Russia and the other CIS nations, Middle East peace process, multilateral talks, Somalia and Mozambique peacekeeping, and combating drug trafficking, trafficking in women and children, and terrorism.

In the mid-1990s, Russia remained the most important sponsor of Kazakhstan in economic and national security matters, but in such matters Nazarbayev also backed the strengthening of the multinational structures of the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ), the loose confederation that succeeded the Soviet Union.

Business with booming Russia and China, as well as neighboring Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ) nations have helped to propel this amazing growth.

The term was inherited in Russia, and other former CIS countries.

Russia usually takes a leading role in regional organisations such as the CIS, EurAsEC, CSTO, and the SCO.

The CIS states also agreed that Russia initially would take over Soviet embassies and other properties abroad.

Official estimates indicate that Turkmenistan is still the second largest gas producer in the CIS, after Russia, and a 2004 official estimate places reserves at about 23 trillion m³.

** Leaders of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine meet and sign an agreement ending the Soviet Union and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ), in the Białowieża Forest Nature Reserve in Belarus.

A week later, the Russian deputy, Valentin Agafonov, stated that Russia is ready to supervise the referendum on Crimean independence and include the republic as a separate entity in the CIS.

The most notable of these was ArVid, widely used in Russia and CIS states.

Through the work of the International Institute of Socionics and other schools of Socionics, the issue 4 peer-reviewed journals and the annual International conferences on socionics, Socionics is taught in more then 150 universities in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and other CIS countries, as well as in Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Romania, either as a separate course, or, in view of the applicability of the various methods of Socionics Humanities, as part of educational courses on Sociology, Pedagogy, Social Psychology, Management and Psychology of Management, human resource management, Conflictology, social services and Tourism, Computer Science and Programming, Philosophy, Neurology, Journalism, Library Science, Social Work, Didactics and others, including Engineering disciplines.

On December 8, Belarus joined Russia and Ukraine in signing the Minsk Agreement to form the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ), which formally put an end to the Soviet Union.

In Russia and CIS switches a marked with tangent of crossing angle:

Also, no visa has been required for citizens of Russia, and other CIS countries ( except Turkmenistan ).

Romance tours first began in Russia and CIS, but have recently moved into other parts of the world such as South America.

KAMAZ is the largest truck producer in Russia and the CIS.

The fresh leaves are an ingredient in many South Asian foods ( such as chutneys and salads ), in Chinese dishes, in Mexican cooking, particularly in salsa and guacamole and as a garnish, and in salads in Russia and other CIS countries.

In Russia and CIS, Latin letter X ( or its Morse / Baudot Cyrillic equivalent Ь ) is used to designate government, military and experimental aviation airfields in internal airfield codes similar in structure and purpose to ICAO codes but not used internationally.

* Official site of the representative of Mitel in Russia and the CIS

Kuchma signed a " Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Partnership " with Russia, and endorsed a round of talks with the CIS.

Figures for Russia and other CIS countries are but educated guesses.

** Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, a list of endangered and protected species, prohibited for hunting, in Russia and most CIS states

The Chinese, North Vietnamese and North Koreans, on the other hand, feel that, militarily, Russia is strong enough to support them in the `` just wars of liberation '' they would like to embark on before long: with China attacking Formosa and the North Koreans and North Vietnamese liberating the southern half of their respective countries.

The land on the Arctic Circle is divided among eight countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, the United States ( Alaska ), Canada, Denmark ( Greenland ), and Iceland ( where it passes through the small offshore island of Grímsey ).

Extreme instances of persecution include the pogroms which preceded the First Crusade in 1096, the expulsion from England in 1290, the massacres of Spanish Jews in 1391, the persecutions of the Spanish Inquisition, the expulsion from Spain in 1492, Cossack massacres in Ukraine, various pogroms in Russia, the Dreyfus affair, the Final Solution by Hitler's Germany, official Soviet anti-Jewish policies and the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries.

Azerbaijan currently has diplomatic relations with 160 countries: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, the People's Republic of China, Denmark, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Kuwait, Libya, Luxembourg, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Qatar, Republic of India, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Togo, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uzbekistan and Vietnam.

Countries that officially recognize the Armenian genocide include Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Lithuania, The Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Uruguay, Vatican City and Venezuela ; additionally, some regional governments of countries recognize the Armenian genocide, such as New South Wales in Australia and Wales in the United Kingdom, also officially recognize the Armenian Genocide.

* 1323 – Signature of the Treaty of Nöteborg between Sweden and Novgorod ( Russia ), that regulates the border between the two countries for the first time.

Other countries such as India, Poland, and Russia have enacted similar laws or decrees that allow the shooting down of hijacked planes.

Especially the dynamic economic development in emerging countries such as China, India, Russia or Brazil will cause a rising demand for adhesives in the future.

There are also immigrants from other countries such as Romania, Russia, Ukraine and Morocco, many of whom are under illegal alien status and therefore are not accounted for in official population figures.

Bosnia is one of the countries where Russia has contributed troops for the NATO-led stabilization force.

According to the minister of Foreign Affairs, Russia was one of the first countries to establish full diplomatic relations with Botswana.

These directives implied precise emphasis on: the search for political coordination with emerging and developing countries, namely India, South Africa, Russia and China ; creation of the Union of South American Nations and its derivative bodies, such as the South American Security Council ; strengthening of Mercosul ; projection at the Doha Round and WTO ; maintenance of relations with developed countries, including the United States ; undertaking and narrowing of relations with African countries ; campaign for the reform of the United Nations Security Council and for a permanent seat for Brazil ; and defense of social objectives allowing for a greater equilibrium between the States and populations.

Second, the clearly pro-Serbian position Russia had been forced to take in the conflict, mainly due to Bulgaria's uncompromising aggressiveness, caused a permanent break-up between the two countries.

The UK was allied with France ( by the Entente Cordiale ) and Russia, and when the First World War broke out in 1914, the British Army sent the British Expeditionary Force to France and Belgium to prevent Germany from occupying these countries.

Eastern Christians of eastern Europe and western Asia used for a long time the Julian Calendar, that of the old Orthodox church, in countries like Russia.

It is an open registry and includes ships from more than 43 countries, including Greece, Germany, and Russia.

Some countries, including Finland, India, Pakistan, Russia, Brazil and Sri Lanka, as well as San Francisco in USA and Melbourne and Adelaide in Australia, use broad gauge.

In Russia, Ukraine and some other countries of the former Soviet Union, electrical multiple unit passenger suburban trains called Elektrichka are widespread.

Eyewitness sightings have been claimed as early as 1995 in Puerto Rico, and have since been reported as far north as Maine, and as far south as Chile, and even being spotted outside the Americas in countries like Russia and The Philippines.

In various countries, the citadels gained a specific name such as " Kremlin " in Russia or " Alcazaba " in the Iberian Peninsula.

Cranberries became popular for wild harvesting in the Nordic countries and Russia.

In some countries such as Russia, the 1857 census found that over 35 percent of the population was serf ( крепостной крестьянин ).

Other noted countries in the sport include Russia, Great Britain, Italy, Australia and Canada.