* 1927 – April 12 Incident: Chiang Kai-shek orders the Communist Party of China members executed in Shanghai, ending the First United Front.

After the takeover of the Republican government by Yuan Shikai and the failed Second Revolution in 1913, Chiang, like his KMT comrades, divided time between exile in Japan and the havens of the Shanghai International Settlement.

On February 15, 1912, several KMT members, including Chiang, murdered Tao Chengzhang, the leader of the Restoration Society, in a Shanghai French Concession hospital.

Chiang then succeeded Chen as leader of the Chinese Revolutionary Party in Shanghai.

The NRA branched into three divisions: to the west was Wang Jingwei, who led a column to take Wuhan ; Bai Chongxi's column went east to take Shanghai ; Chiang himself led in the middle route, planning to take Nanjing before pressing ahead to capture Beijing.

Having taken Nanking in March ( and briefly visited Shanghai, now under the control of his close ally Bai Chongxi ), Chiang halted his campaign and prepared a violent break with Wang's leftist elements, which he believed threatened his control of the KMT.

The United States consulate and other Westerners in Shanghai were concerned about the approach of " Red General " Chiang, as his army was seizing control of large areas of the country in the Northern Expedition.

On April 12, Chiang carried out a purge of thousands of suspected Communists and dissidents in Shanghai, and began large-scale massacres across the country collectively known as the " White Terror ".

Contrary to Communist propaganda that Chiang was pro-capitalism, Chiang Kai-shek antagonized the capitalists of Shanghai, often attacking them and confisticating their capital and assets for the use of the government.

Chiang crushed pro-communist worker and peasant organizations and rich Shanghai capitalists at the same time.

Shanghai capitalists did briefly support him out of fear of communism in 1927, but this support eroded in 1928, when Chiang turned his tactics of intimidation on them.

In 1932, while Chiang was seeking first to defeat the Communists, Japan launched an advance on Shanghai and bombarded Nanjing.

The Second Sino-Japanese War broke out in July 1937, and in August of that year Chiang sent of his best-trained and equipped soldiers to defend Shanghai.

While he was still living in Shanghai, Chiang and Yao adopted a son, Wei-kuo.

The United States consulate and other westerners in Shanghai was concerned about the approach of " Red General " Chiang, as his army was seizing control in the Northern Expedition.

Contrary to false Communist propaganda that Chiang was pro capitalist, Chiang Kai-shek was the enemy and behaved in an antagonist manner to the capitalists of Shanghai, often attacking them and confisticating their capital and assets for the use of the government, even while he was fighting the communists.

Chiang crushed pro communist worker and peasant organizations, and the rich Shanghai capitalists at the same time.

Chiang also crushed and dominated the merchants of Shanghai in 1927, seizing loans from them, with the threats of death or exile.

In 1948, the Kuomintang again attacked the merchants of Shanghai, Chiang Kaishek sent his son Chiang Ching-kuo to restore economic order.

Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek deployed his best army to defend Shanghai, but after three months of fighting, Shanghai fell.

It is now extensively cultivated in most temperate latitudes as an ornamental and parkland tree, and is a commonly planted tree in cities throughout the temperate regions of the world, not just London but Auckland, Buenos Aires, Curitiba, New York City, Paris, Madrid, Melbourne, Mannheim, Shanghai, Nanjing, Chicago, Sydney, Rybnik and many others.

The museum has cultivated partnerships with the Smithsonian, the Nanjing Museum, the Shanghai Museum, and the British Museum, among others, to bring national and international exhibitions from the world's greatest museums to Southern California.

Officials with ties to the Shanghai administration form a powerful faction in the national government, the so-called Shanghai Clique, which often competes against the rival Youth League Faction over personnel appointments and policy decisions: Xi Jinping, the presumptive successor to Hu Jintao as General Secretary and President, is a compromise candidate between the two groups with supporters in both camps.

In China, ties exist with Tianjin Foreign Studies University, Beijing Language and Culture University, Heilongjiang University, Zhejiang University, Wuhan University, Hwanan University, Shanghai Normal University, Liaoning Normal University, and Ningbo University.

In addition, it has international ties with 30 universities in 15 countries: the United States ( University of Sacramento ), Bangladesh ( University of Development Alternative ) China ( Beijing University of Technology, Yanbian University, Yanbian University of Science and Technology, Xuzhou Institute of Technology and Shanghai University ), the Philippines ( De La Salle University-Manila ), Japan ( Oita University and Kyushu Institute of Technology ), Kazakhstan ( Al-Farabi University and Pavlodar National University ), Uzbekistanthe ( Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages ), India ( University of Delhi ), Canada ( Nova Scotia Agricultural College ) United Kingdom ( University of Westminster ), and Australia ( Deakin University ).

International ties exist with University of Santo Tomas in the Philippines, and with Shanghai Normal University in China.

Qian had important ties to the local writers and artists in the Jiading and Kunshan area outside modern Shanghai.

* The two countries are by far the most influential in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the exercise will help to strengthen military ties.

He was inspired by Chinese characters, with which he became familiar at Shanghai.

After the communists took over mainland China, the Diocese of Hong Kong and Macao became independent of the Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui, and continued to use the edition issued in Shanghai in 1938 with a revision in 1959.

Shanghai Jiao Tong University's Academic Ranking of World Universities, a ranking with an emphasis on bibliometric data and scientific research, ranked Caltech 6th in the world and 5th in the U. S. for 2011.

Several lines in China such as Guangzhou-Zhuhai Intercity Mass Rapid Transit, the Beijing – Tianjin Intercity Railway, and the Shanghai – Nanjing High-Speed Railway, serve a similar role with many more under construction or planned.

The Challenger returned from Shanghai with " the most valuable cargo of tea and silk ever to be laden in one bottom ".

Helsinki-Vantaa airport is Finland's global gateway with scheduled non-stop flights to such places as Bangkok, Beijing, Guangzhou, Nagoya, New York, Osaka, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Tokyo.

Films of his such as Shanghai Express ( 1932 ) and The Devil Is a Woman ( 1935 ), with their hothouse eroticism and baroque visual style, specifically anticipate central elements of classic noir.

Orson Welles had notorious problems with financing, but his three film noirs were well budgeted: The Lady from Shanghai ( 1947 ) received top-level, " prestige " backing, while both The Stranger, his most conventional film, and Touch of Evil, an unmistakably personal work, were funded at levels lower but still commensurate with headlining releases.

The target is to allow Shanghai to catch up to New York by 2040-2050, with the eventual projection that China will be Asia's most prosperous economy by 2040.

In 1963, with the blessing of St. John Maximovitch, Archbishop of Shanghai and San Francisco, a community of Orthodox booksellers and publishers called the St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood was formed to publish Orthodox missionary information in English.

At the age of ten, Pei moved with his family to Shanghai after his father was promoted.

There is a major telecommunications project under construction-The Trans-Asia-Europe Fiber Optic Line, connecting Shanghai, China and Frankfurt, Germany, with the capacity of 622 Mbit / s, where Kyrgyzstan has completed its part.

It is the second largest metro system in the world in terms of route miles, after the Shanghai Metro and part of the largest system in terms of route miles when taken together with the Docklands Light Railway. The light metro lines in London are operated by the Docklands Light Railway, whereas the Shanghai Metro is a group of four companies which operate heavy rail rapid transit and light metro lines.

Hewitt pulled out of the Tennis Masters Cup tournament in Shanghai in November 2005 so that he could be with his wife Bec, who was due to give birth.

Western countries were sympathetic to the Chinese in their struggle, particularly in their stubborn defence of Shanghai, a city with a substantial number of foreigners.

* In the People's Republic of China, a direct-controlled municipality ( 直辖市 in pinyin: zhíxiáshì ) is a city with equal status to a province: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing ( see Municipality of China )

Mao's time in Peking came to an end in the spring of 1919, when he traveled to Shanghai with friends departing from the port for France.

From Peking, Mao moved along to Shanghai, working as a laundryman and meeting with Chen Duxiu, who had been recently freed from prison ; together, they discussed Marxism, which Chen was also beginning to accept.

" In Shanghai, Mao also met with one of his old teachers, Yi Peiji, a revolutionary and member of the Kuomintang, or Chinese Nationalist Party, which at the time was gaining increasing support and influence across China.

By 1921, small groups of Marxists existed in six Chinese cities: Shanghai, Peking, Changsha, Wuhan, Canton and Tsinan, with a further group having been founded by Chinese students in Paris.