The member organization in a particular country may name itself Friends of the Earth or an equivalent translated phrase in the national language, e. g., Friends of the Earth ( US ), Friends of the Earth ( EWNI ) ( England Wales and Northern Ireland ), Amigos de la Tierra ( Spain and Argentina ).

In Brazil, Spain and Portugal, however, the husband of a female monarch was accorded the masculine equivalent of her title — at least after she bore him a child.

Also, in Argentina and Spain, the variety C. chacoense is commonly known as " putaparió ", a slang expression equivalent to " damn it ", probably due to its extra-hot flavour.

In Spain and Portugal, the closest equivalent title was grandee ; in Hungary, magnate.

In Spain, Rector or Rector Magnífico ( magnific rector, from Latin Rector Magnificus ) is the highest administrative and educational office in a university, equivalent to that of President or Chancellor of an English-speaking university, but holding all the powers of a vice-chancellor ; they are thus the head of the academi in Universities.

In Spain, Hispanic America and the Philippines, December 28 is a day for pranks, equivalent to April Fool's Day in many countries.

Later, in 1547, Charles signed a humiliating treaty with the Ottomans to gain him some respite from the huge expenses of their war, in which he was seen as the equivalent of the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire-Ibrahim Pasha at the time-and was referred to as only the King of Spain since there could only be one Emperor in the world and it was Suleiman.

Although over half of the refugees had been repatriated to Spain ( or elsewhere ) by the time Pétain proclaimed the Vichy Regime in 1940, the 120, 000 to 150, 000 who remained became political prisoners, and the foreign equivalent to the Service du Travail Obligatoire, the Compagnies de Travailleurs Etrangers ( Companies of Foreign Workers ) or CTE, began to pursue them as slave laborers.

It is a registered charity in the United Kingdom and the equivalent in Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the United States, and has the capacity of receiving tax-free donations in the Netherlands.

The equivalent in Italy is sindaco ( historical titles include podestà ), in Greece δήμαρχος ' demarkhos ' ( the " archon of the deme "), in France maire, in Argentina intendente, in Bohemia starosta, in Brazil prefeito ' prefect ', in Romania primar and in Spain alcalde, a term derived from a Moorish post's Arabic name.

Nowadays, the " Ministerio de Hacienda " is the government department in Spain that deals with finance and taxation, and which is equivalent to the Department of the Treasury in the United States or the British Treasury in the United Kingdom.

The maxim or its equivalent has been adopted by many civil law systems, including Brazil, Italy, Philippines, Poland, Spain, and France.

Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines ( for which the United States compensated Spain $ 20 million, equivalent to $ in present day terms ), ceded by Spain after the Spanish-American War in the 1898 Treaty of Paris.

In the German – Spanish Treaty of 1899, the German government agreed to pay Spain 25, 000, 000 Pesetas ( equivalent to 16, 600, 000 goldmarks ) for the Caroline Islands and the Mariana Islands ( excluding Guam, which had been ceded to the USA after the 1898 Spanish-American War ).

Its indicators are equivalent to those in Germany, Spain, Italy and New Zealand.

The vineyards of Chile fall between the latitudes of 32 and 38 ° s which, in the Northern Hemisphere would be the equivalent of southern Spain and North Africa.

In modern Spanish, the term alcalde is equivalent to a mayor, and is used to mean the local executive officer in municipalities throughout Spain and Latin America.

He ruled seven cities in southeastern Spain, mentioned in the Treaty of Orihuela that was preserved by the Andalusian historian Ibn Adarí in the thirteenth century: Orihuela, Valentila ( possibly an equivalent for Valencia ), Alicante, Mula, Bigastro, Eyya ( probably Ojós ), and Lorca.

The Licenciado en Farmacia or Grado en Farmacia ( equivalent to the PharmD program ) Spanish degree is the only title that allows to practice the profession of Pharmacy in Spain.

Emperor Francis also agreed to pay an indemnity equivalent to almost 85 million francs, gave recognition to Napoleon's brother Joseph as the King of Spain, and reaffirmed the exclusion of British trade from his remaining dominions.

The form is roughly equivalent to the “ public limited company ” ( plc ) in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, to the “ publicly-held / open corporation ” in the United States, to the naamloze vennootschap in the Netherlands and Belgium, to the S. A. in Spain, France, Portugal and other civil-law jurisdictions, and to the Societas Europaea in the European Union.

A leading member of the Spanish Socialist Workers ' Party ( PSOE ), he served as Vice President of the Government ( vicepresidente del Gobierno, i. e., equivalent to deputy Prime Minister ) of Spain from 1982 to 1991, under the presidency of Felipe González.

The Goya Awards, known in Spanish as los Premios Goya, are Spain's main national film awards, considered by many in Spain, and internationally, to be the Spanish equivalent of the American Academy Awards.

The ceremony took place at the Trinidad Hilton, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.

The music of Wales, Cornwall, the Isle of Man, Brittany, Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias ( Spain ) and Portugal are also considered Celtic music, the tradition being particularly strong in Brittany, where Celtic festivals large and small take place throughout the year, and in Wales, where the ancient eisteddfod tradition has been revived and flourishes.

When Spain opened the Cuban trade ports, it quickly became a popular place.

The system remained in place in most areas of Spanish America up to the time independence was achieved from Spain.

Between 1594 and 1603, Elizabeth faced her most severe test in Ireland during the Nine Years ' War, a revolt that took place at the height of hostilities with Spain, who backed the rebel leader, Hugh O ' Neill, Earl of Tyrone.

: The Treaty stipulated that no overland trade between Gibraltar and Spain was to take place, except for emergency provisions in the case that Gibraltar is unable to be supplied by sea.

" According to the tradition, Hannibal's oath took place in the town of Peñíscola, today part of the community of Valencia, Spain.

Other calamities throughout Jewish history are said to have taken place on Tisha B ' Av, including King Edward I's edict compelling the Jews to leave England ( 1290 ) and the Jewish expulsion from Spain in 1492.

In Spain, Italy, and the Holy Roman Empire, sodomy between women was included in acts considered unnatural and punishable by burning to death, although few instances are recorded of this taking place.

Louis was born while his father Charlemagne was on campaign in Spain, at the Carolingian villa of Cassinogilum, according to Einhard and the anonymous chronicler called Astronomus ; the place is usually identified with Chasseneuil, near Poitiers.

Exceptions were later added to exempt certain activities which were legal in the location where they took place, such as bullfighting in Spain.

The politics of Spain take place under the framework established by the constitution of 1978.

Then, with the dramatic decrease of oil prices that took place in the second half of 2008 plus the manifest bursting of the real estate bubble, concerns quickly shifted over to the risk of deflation, as Spain recorded in January 2009 its lowest inflation rate in 40 years, followed shortly afterwards, in March 2009 by a negative inflation rate for the first time since the gathering of these statistics started.

The international institution puts Spain in fifth place in the ranking, with estimated exports of goods and services 9. 9 %.

-have facilities and plants in Spain today developing and producing vehicles and components, not only for the domestic market but also for export, with the contribution of the automobile industry in 2008 rising up to the second place with 17, 6 % out of the country's total exports.

Many of the stories take place in the semiarid landscapes of the American Southwest and Northern Mexico, so a popular setting was the Tabernas Desert in the Province of Almeria in southeastern Spain, at the studios of Texas Hollywood, Mini Hollywood, and Western Leone.

Under the Peace of Utrecht, Philip was recognized as King Philip V of Spain, but renounced his place in the French line of succession, thereby precluding the union of the French and Spanish crowns ( although there was some sense in France that this renunciation was illegal ).

* December 11 – A surprise attack by forces under the command of the Duke of Savoy and his brother-in-law, Philip III of Spain, is repelled by the citizens of Geneva ( This actually took place after midnight, in the early morning of December 12, but commemorations / celebrations on Fête de l ' Escalade are usually held on December 11 or the closest weekend ).

* Margaret of Parma becomes Governor of the Netherlands in place of her brother, King Philip II of Spain.

* Operation Malaya, an ongoing police investigation taking place in Spain

The first text which mentions St. James ' preaching in Spain is the Breviarius de Hyerosolima, a 6th-century document which stated that the Apostle was buried in an enigmatical place called Aca Marmarica.

She lives a medieval lifestyle in a place the Soldats consider as their holy site called " The Manor ", located somewhere on the border between France and Spain, where she raised and trained Chloe.

Historically, the focus of Portuguese diplomacy has been to preserve its independence, vis-à-vis, the danger of annexation by Spain, and the maintenance of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, which officially came into being in 1386, and with the United Kingdom as a successor to England, it is still in place today.

However, a similar process took place across Western Europe, including in Spain and Germany, without such a direct influence.

When the French invasion of Spain took place in 1808 he enlisted at Zaragoza.