Extreme instances of persecution include the pogroms which preceded the First Crusade in 1096, the expulsion from England in 1290, the massacres of Spanish Jews in 1391, the persecutions of the Spanish Inquisition, the expulsion from Spain in 1492, Cossack massacres in Ukraine, various pogroms in Russia, the Dreyfus affair, the Final Solution by Hitler's Germany, official Soviet anti-Jewish policies and the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries.

Fearing further persecution on account of his family ties, Theodosius abruptly retired to his family estates in the province of Gallaecia ( present day Galicia, Spain ) where he adapted to the life of a provincial aristocrat.

Historians until recently have given Grant's presidency the worst rankings ; however, his reputation has significantly improved because of greater appreciation for his foreign policy and civil rights achievements, particularly: avoiding war with Britain and Spain, the Fifteenth Amendment, persecution of the Ku Klux Klan, enforcement of voting rights, and his Indian Peace Policy.

Canaris also intervened to save a number of victims of Nazi persecution, including saving Jews, some by getting them to Spain.

As in the rest of Spain, the Franco era ( 1939 – 1975 ) in Catalonia saw the annulment of democratic liberties, the prohibition and persecution of parties, the rise of thoroughgoing censorship, and the banning of all leftist institutions.

He left Spain before 1140 to escape persecution of the Jews by the new fanatical regime of the Almohads.

He was unable to stop the Terrible Triangle, consisting of massive Church persecution and killing of clergy in Mexico, Spain and the Soviet Union.

While in Mexico and Spain the persecution was directed chiefly against the Catholic Church, hostility in the Soviet Union was directed against all Christians but especially against the Eastern Catholic Churches united with the Vatican.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, some conversos migrated to the Americas, often the Castilian territories of the Viceroyalties of New Spain ( North and Central America ) and Peru ( South America ), where they believed that they would be able to live without persecution.

As the persecution of Christians during the reign of Roman Emperor Diocletian began, Bishop Narcissus of Girona ( in Spain ) arrived there and lodged with Afra and her mother, Hilaria.

In addition to the mass migration of natives from the Southern Netherlands, there were also significant influxes of non-native refugees who themselves had previously fled from religious persecution, particularly Sephardi Jews from Portugal and Spain and, later, Huguenots from France.

Luis Jerónimo Fernández de Cabrera prohibited direct trade between Peru and New Spain ( Mexico ) and the persecution of Portuguese Jews, the principal traders in Lima.

Lomax went to Spain in 1952-3 to avoid persecution as a Communist and found some hostility from Spanish researchers, then in a period of great political upheaval.

He also said that Muslims and Jews were subjected to the same persecution following the fall of Islamic rule in Andalusia, now Spain.

A monument in memory of LGBT victims of repression and persecution was dedicated in Barcelona, Spain in 2011.

One is the story of a golden age of equality, of mutual respect and cooperation, especially but not exclusively in Moorish Spain ; the other is of “ dhimmi ”- tude, of subservience and persecution and ill treatment.

Toledo's beleaguered Christians braced themselves for the next wave of persecution, and the Campbells, in an atmosphere that must have seemed eerily reminiscent of early Christians in the Catacombs of Rome, were confirmed in a secret ceremony, before dawn, by Cardinal Goma, the elderly Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of Spain.

Thus were formed a variety of languages specific to the Jewish community ; perhaps the most notable of these are Yiddish in Europe ( mainly from German ) and Ladino ( from Spanish ), originally in al-Andalus but spreading to other locations, mainly around the Mediterranean, due to the 1492 expulsion of practicing Jews from Spain and the persecution by the Inquisition of the conversos.

: Born in Granada, he left Spain in 1150, probably on account of anti-Semitic persecution by the Almohades, and went to Lunel in southern France.

Sources are contradictory concerning Vincent's achievement in converting a synagogue in Toledo, Spain, into the Church of Santa María la Blanca ; one source says he preached to the mobs whose riots led to the appropriation of the synagogue and its transformation into a church in 1391 ; a second source says he converted the Jews of the city who changed the synagogue to a church after they embraced the Faith, but hints at the year 1411 ; a third source identifies two distinct incidents, one in Valencia in 1391 and one in Toledo at a later date, but says he put down an uprising against Jews in one place and defused a persecution against them in the other.

At a time when Queen Elizabeth was anxious about the Catholic threat posed by Spain and by her cousin Mary, Queen of Scots, nonconformists were targets for persecution.

On the other hand the trial against Tymoshenko has been rated as " selective justice " and " political persecution " in statements by the U. S. A, Russia, United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Spain and other European countries ; and in statements of the European Union, NATO, the European People's Party ; as well as by human rights organizations: Transparency International, Freedom House, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch.

Chao's parents were political exiles from Spain who moved to France, escaping persecution from the dictatorship of Franco.

Paradesi Jews, who were integrated in the Cochin Jewish population, were originally Sephardic immigrants from southern Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries who fled persecution in the wake of the Alhambra Decree expelling Jews from Spain.

For example, the flags of Venezuela, of Colombia, and of Ecuador all use variants of the flag of Great Colombia, the country they composed upon their independence from Spain, created by the Venezuelan independence hero Francisco de Miranda ; and the flags of Egypt, of Iraq, of Syria, and of Yemen are all highly similar variants of the flag of the Arab revolt of 1916 – 1918.

Though highly decentralized, Spain is not a federation since the nation — as represented in the central institutions of government — retains full sovereignty.

Spain possesses a highly developed highway system, with both tolled and freeways.

His work was highly controversial, officially banned in both Christendom and Islamic Spain.

Increasing numbers of Bolivians migrated to highly prosperous Chile and Argentina, and even to developed countries in Europe ( primarily the UK and Spain ) and North America ( esp.

From its first encounters with Jolo, Spain was met with stiff resistance from a highly organized people under the Sultanate of Sulu, which had been established in 1457 by an Arab born in Johore, Shari ’ ful Hashem Syed Abu Bak ’ r.

But Portugal's discovery of the highly valued Moluccas in 1512 caused Spain to argue in 1518 that the Treaty of Tordesillas divided the Earth into two equal hemispheres.

Lucius Annaeus Seneca was born in Cordoba, in the Baetica, the southern highly Romanized province of Spain.

The Lettere famigliari, giving an account of his travels through Spain, Portugal and France during the years 1761-1765, were well received, and when afterwards published in English ( 4 vols., 1770 ), were highly commended by Johnson.

In Spain, being a highly decentralised country, two public broadcasting systems coexist: a national broadcasting television, Radio y Televisión Española ( RTVE ), that can be watched all around Spain, and many autonomic TV channels, only broadcast within their respective Autonomous Community.

With the Spanish colonization of the Americas, the institution of viceroys was adapted to govern the highly populated and wealthy regions of the north overseas: New Spain ( Mexico and Phillipines ) and the south overseas: Peru and South America.

In 2004, the speech was highly related to the 2004 Madrid train bombings ; in 2006 he talked about the need to become a united nation against terrorism ( in implicit support of Zapatero's anti-terrorist policies ), and he mentioned the increasing force of immigrants in Spain and appreciated their contribution to the economy.

Historically, the provinces served mainly as transmission belts for policies enacted in Madrid, as Spain was a highly centralised state for most of its history.

Long negotiations resulted in the Treaty of Paris ( 1783 ), which provided highly favorable boundaries for the United States ; it included nearly all land east of the Mississippi River and south of Canada, except British Florida, which was awarded to Spain.

The film was highly successful with both critics and audiences in Spain.

Born at Medina-Sidonia, Cervera was a highly decorated veteran of the Spanish Navy, and served with some distinction during the Carlist Wars before retiring from the active service to act as head of Spain's Ministerio de Marina, the bureaucratic body that governed the naval and merchant marine forces of Spain.

However, the period between the mid 1970s and mid 1980s was to prove difficult as, in addition to the oil shocks to which Spain was highly exposed, the settling of the new political order took priority over the modernising of the economy.

Until his death he contributed a long series of powerful and highly popular works to the Academy, both of marine subjects and landscapes from his travels at home and in France, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Ireland.

In April 1787, Wilkinson took a highly controversial trip to New Orleans, which was a colony of Spain At that time, Americans were not allowed to trade in New Orleans.

Holmes is a strong supporter of European nationalism and has stated: " I have contacts with people all over Europe: Austria, Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Greece, Serbia, but none of these are official contacts, we have unofficial contacts, yes, we support any European nationalist party " He has also been highly critical of the British National Party ( BNP ), claiming that they are no longer truly white nationalists and condemning them for having a Sikh columnist in the party newspaper.

In October 2003 he released the highly controversial Ibarretxe Plan ( Plan Ibarretxe ), which foresees a future Basque country ' freely associated ' with Spain, with its own separate legal system and European Union ( EU ) representation.

As part of the anti-austerity movement in Europe, various IWA sections have been highly active in the 2008-2012 period, with the CNT taking a leading role in agitating for the general strikes which have occurred in Spain, the USI in Milan taking on anti-austerity campaigns in the health service and the ZSP organising tenants against abuses in rented accommodation.

It was then that many of those poets went to spend their last days in the north of Spain and Italy, where Occitan poetry had for more than one generation been highly esteemed.