Despite this, by September 1960, following the four-way division of the country, there were four separate armed forces: Mobotu's ANC itself, numbering about 12, 000, the South Kasai Constabulary loyal to Albert Kalonji ( 3, 000 or less ), the Katanga Gendarmerie which were part of Moise Tshombe's regime ( totalling about 10, 000 ), and the Stanleyville dissident ANC loyal to Antoine Gizenga ( numbering about 8, 000 ).

Many of the executions were carried out with extreme cruelty, in front of a monument to Lumumba in Stanleyville.

In 1955, Lumumba became regional head of the Cercles of Stanleyville and joined the Liberal Party of Belgium, where he worked on editing and distributing party literature.

In late October 1959, Lumumba, as leader of the MNC, was arrested for allegedly inciting an anti-colonial riot in Stanleyville where thirty people were killed ; he was sentenced to six months in prison.

Lumumba fled to Stanleyville, where he set up his own government.

In the words of Patrice Lumumba, the head of the Cercles of Stanleyville ( now Kisangani ), the Cercles were created to " improve intellectual, social, moral and physical formation " of the évolués.

There was further rioting, during which 24 people were killed, in Stanleyville on October 31, 1959 after Patrice Lumumba was arrested following a meeting of the MNC.

Following the dismissal of Lumumba, his Vice Prime Minister Antoine Gizenga set up a rival government in the eastern city of Stanleyville with the help of pro-Lumumba forces.

On 27 November Lumumba left house arrest and attempted to reach his supporters in Stanleyville.

After the death of Lumumba, several African and Eastern European governments recognized the Stanleyville government as legitimate.

Following talks with Prime Minister Cyrille Adoula, Gizenga agreed to join the central government under the understanding that it would follow the policies of Lumumba, however relations broke down and on January 14, 1962 ANC forces defeated the Stanleyville gendarmerie and arrested Gizenga.

Many of the executions were carried out with extreme cruelty, in front of a monument to Lumumba in Stanleyville.

By August they had captured Stanleyville and set up a rebel government there.

Smuggled out of his residence at night, he escaped to Stanleyville, where he attempted to set up his own government and army.

These included accounts of in interview with Jacques Kanyama, a virology technician at the lab in Stanleyville ( the Laboratoire Médical de Stanleyville ( LMS )) responsible for testing the CHAT vaccine and performing the initial set of vaccinations, who was reported to have said that batches of CHAT had been produced on site by Paul Osterrieth.

By August they had captured Stanleyville and set up a rebel government there.

1, 000 government troops of the Armée Nationale Congolaise ( ANC ), ferret armoured cars and 100 vehicles loaded with gasoline and ammo made the final leap to Stanleyville.

MNC members remained a major players on different sides: Albert Kalonji remained in control of Kasai, in December Lumumba's deputy Antoine Gizenga formed another rebel government at Stanleyville and in February 1961 Iléo was again appointed prime minister at Léopoldville.

Several hundred hostages were taken to Stanleyville and placed under guard in the Victoria Hotel.

In 1945 the FP mobile units consisted of six battalions of infantry ( the V battalion at Stanleyville, the VI battalion at Watsa, the VIII battalion at Luluabourg, the XI battalion at Rumangabo, the XII battalion at Elizabethville, and the XIII battalion at Léopoldville ), three reconnaissance units, military police units, a brigade under training at Camp Hardy, still under construction at Thysville, four coastal defence guns, and a small aviation element including two De Havilland DH. 104 Doves.

* Antoine Gizenga in Stanleyville, was supported by the Soviet bloc, Fidel Castro's Cuba, the Algerian FLN led by the revolutionary Ahmed Ben Bella, Gamal Abdel Nasser in Egypt, as well as the newly independent left-wing African nations Ghana, Guinea and Tanganyika.

The operation coincided with the arrival of mercenary units ( seemingly including the hurriedly-formed 5th Mechanised Brigade ) at Stanleyville which was quickly captured.

Although Mobutu succeeded in taking power, his position was soon threatened by the Kisangani Mutinies, also known as the Stanleyville Mutinies or Mercenaries ' Mutinies, which were eventually suppressed.

Formerly known as Stanleyville in French ( or Dutch as ), the city takes its present name from Boyoma, the seven-arched falls located south of the city, whose name was also initially given to the landscape on which the city is located, Singitini ( or Singatini ) as rendered in Lingala, ( Kisangani is from present Swahili ), each of which share the same meaning “ the City on the Island ”, in reference to the surrounding tributaries ( whose waters separate much of Kisangani from the mainland ).

In Swahili the manual published by the Marist Brothers in the 20s, we find an example of substitution naming " from X to Stanleyville " which is translated " toka X Mpaka Kisangani ".

City status was achieved by incorporation Order No. 12 / 357 on 6 September 1958, which divided Stanleyville into 4 municipalities: Belgian I, Belgian II, Brussels and Stanley.

The operation coincided with the arrival of ANC and other mercenary units ( seemingly including the hurriedly formed 5th Mechanised Brigade and Mike Hoare's 5 Commando ) at Stanleyville which was quickly captured.

Although Mobutu succeeded in taking power, his position was soon threatened by the Kisangani Mutinies, also known as the Stanleyville Mutinies or Mercenaries ' Mutinies, which were a direct continuation of the Congo Crisis and involved the same political actors.

Amid rumours that the ousted prime minister Tshombe was plotting a comeback from his exile in Spain, some 2, 000 of Tshombe's former Katangese gendarmes, led by mercenaries, mutinied in Kisangani ( formerly Stanleyville ) in July 1966.

Following riots in Leopoldville between 4 – 7 January 1959, and Stanleyville on 31 October 1959, the Belgians realised they could not maintain control of such a vast country in the face of rising demands for independence.

The objective of Operation Dragon Rouge was to capture Stanleyville and save several hundred civilians ( mostly Europeans and missionaries ) who were hostages of the Simba rebels.

When Sabena was created, it was partly funded by Belgians in the Belgian Congo colony who lost their air service — an experimental passenger and cargo company ( LARA ) between Léopoldville, Lisala, and Stanleyville — a year earlier and expected the new Belgian national airline to fill this gap.

The city was known first as Falls Station ( or " the Post Stanley Falls " or " The Falls " or simply " Boyoma " the African name of Boyoma Falls ) and then with Belgian colonization of the area, it grew into a settlement called Stanleyville ( after the explorer Henry Morton Stanley ).

The name " Kisangani " was apparently used consistently by the local people, in conjunction with the name " Stanleyville " ( as the city was referred to in French and respectively Stanleystad in Dutch ).

With the assumption of the " Zairianization " program in the 1970s by Mobutu Sese Seko, Stanleyville was officially renamed Kisangani and Stanley Falls became Wagenia Falls, and as of October 27, 1977 the municipalities were renamed as follows: Belgian I ( Mangobo and Tshopo ), Belgian II ( Lubunga ), Brussels ( Kabondo ) and Stanley ( Makiso ).

The city was divided into communes ; each headed by a Mayor, the chief head of all of Stanleyville City was the city ’ s ’ 1st Mayor.

The first consultation was held in commune of Stanleyville on Sunday, December 14, 1958.

Stanleyville was divided into 4 municipalities: Belgian I, Belgian II, Brussels and Stanley.

Stanleyville ’ s City Council assisted each mayor in running the whole city, whilst each of the municipalities was assisted by Municipal Councils.

The Laboratoire Médical de Stanleyville was sited at the city now known as Kisangani

The possibility that chimpanzees found near Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of Congo ( formerly Stanleyville ) were, indirectly, the true source of HIV-1 was directly addressed in a 2004 study published in Nature.