As World War II unfolded, Nazi Germany deported and killed millions of Jews and many millions of others were likewise enslaved or murdered, including Ukrainians, Russians and other Slavs.

As the Russians ' war against Germany came increasingly closer to defeat, the significance of Finland as a buffer zone protecting Petrograd was highlighted, and the Russians could not allow the Finns to separate from Russia.

On 14 October Napoleon defeated the Prussians at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, marched through Germany and defeated the Russians on 14 June 1807 at Friedland.

In fact, Germany assured Japan that it would help broker a neutrality agreement with the Russians — something that Matsuoka dearly sought.

The new Foreign Minister assured the Soviet Ambassador that Japan would honor the neutrality agreement, even though Germany was urging its Japanese ally to attack the Russians from the east.

By late 1950, the Russians were exporting these Kremlin Kadetts to Belgium, stressing in their promotion that spare parts could easily be obtained from Germany.

In 1806, a Fourth Coalition was set up, on 14 October Napoleon defeated the Prussians at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, marched through Germany and defeated the Russians on 14 June 1807 at Friedland.

Powell said, " In the minds of the Russians the inevitable commitment of the United States in such a war would have come not directly or necessarily from the stationing of American marines in Germany, but, as it came in the previous two struggles, from the ultimate involvement of the United States in any war determining the future of Europe ".

In contrast, the British repatriated the Russians who fought on the side of Germany to the USSR, where they were summarily treated as traitors and most of them executed, including their families.

While accepting that Germany and Berlin would be divided, the Russians had decided against allowing the same state of affairs to arise in Austria and Vienna.

There are also small Russian communities in the Balkans, Eastern and Central European nations such as Germany and Poland, as well Russians settled in China, Japan, South Korea, Latin America ( i. e. Mexico, Brazil and Argentina ) and Australia.

Additionally, Russian trains operated on a different rail gauge than Germany, meaning that unless the Russians acquired German railroad engines and cars, their armies could only be transported by rail as far as the German border.

A war of attrition was better for Britain with her population of some fifty million than Germany whose population of some seventy million also had to sustain operations against the French and Russians.

The Americans did not share the Europeans ' and Russians ' historical fears over German expansionism, but wished to ensure that Germany would stay within NATO.

Although the rest of Denmark had been liberated on 4 May, the Russians then occupied Bornholm on 9 May sending the Germans back to Germany.

Germany began building lines in Shandong, the British in Yangtze Valley, French in Kunming, Russians in Heilongjiang and the Japanese had the Southern Manchuria Railway company.

The Battle of Dresden was fought on 26 – 27 August 1813 around Dresden, Germany, resulting in a French victory under Napoleon I against forces of the Sixth Coalition of Austrians, Russians and Prussians under Field Marshal Schwartzenberg.

: I decided to give atomic secrets to the Russians because it seemed to me that it was important that there should be no monopoly, which could turn one nation into a menace and turn it loose on the world as ... as Nazi Germany developed.

Under the false promise of an independent Ukraine, UPA supported by Nazi Germany began to target ethnic minorities ( Poles, Jews, Russians, among others ) for liquidation.

By the late 1990s, however, Germany made it more difficult for Russians of German descent to settle in Germany, especially for those who do not speak some of the Volga dialects of German.

* Naimark, Norman M. The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945 – 1949 ( Belknap, 1995 )

* Hosking, Geoffrey, Russia and the Russians: A History ( Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2001 ).

Norman Naimark writes in " The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945 – 1949.

* History of Russians in Latvia

* History of Russians in Estonia

* History of Russians in Lithuania

* History of Russians in Estonia

* History of Russians in Latvia

* History of Russians in Lithuania

Contrary to Grabar's own understanding of East-West cultural relationship presented in History but in line with the rules of Soviet historiography, the new book claimed that Russians of the 18th century " yield nothing in their work to foreign contemporaries " and overstated the influence of folk tradition on polite architecture.

Chiang called on the three and their suboordinates to wage war against the Soviet Russians, Tibetans, Communists, and the Japanese.

The Russians, whose side lost, failed to keep up and despite newer models coming into service, I-16s were outfought by the improved Bf 109s in World War II, while remaining the most common Soviet front-line fighter into 1942.

Various foreign scientific discoveries and inventions ( such as the Wright Brothers ' airplane ) were attributed to Russians in post-war Soviet propaganda.

As in many former Soviet republics, after Kyrgyzstan regained independence in August 1991 many individuals, organizations, and political parties sought to reestablish ( and, to a certain extent, to create from scratch ) a Kyrgyz national cultural identity ; often one that included a backlash against Russians.

He was also working for both Soviet and British intelligence, posting letters in a crude code to a fictitious girlfriend — Mlle Dupont in Paris — for the Russians.

He became the third Soviet leader to die in less than three years, and, upon being informed in the middle of the night of his death, US President Ronald Reagan, who was seven months older than Chernenko and just over three years older than his predecessor Andropov, is reported to have remarked " how am I supposed to get any place with the Russians if they keep dying on me?

Large numbers of Russians, as well as some Ukrainians and Belarussians remained in Latvia after the fall of the Soviet Union.

* Estonia: Defined as a nation state in its 1992 constitution, up until the period of Soviet colonialisation, Estonia was historically a very homogenous state with 88. 2 % of residents being Estonians, 8. 2 % Russians, 1, 5 % Germans and 0. 4 % Jews according to the 1934 census.

: Russians Nostalgic for Soviet Social Services by The Global Post

During the Cold War era, ethnic Russians dominated Soviet politics and government ; they also controlled local administration.

In the 1920s and 1930s, almost 20, 000 White Russians and Russian Jews fled the newly established Soviet Union and took up residence in Shanghai.

Another explanation for the Eastern European adoption of SECAM, led by the Soviet Union, is that the Russians had extremely long distribution lines between broadcasting stations and transmitters.

The Soviet Union subsequently repopulated Sambia with Russians and Belarusians.

The Soviet press later reported that minutes before boarding the spacecraft Gagarin made a speech: " Dear friends, you who are close to me, and you whom I do not know, fellow Russians, and people of all countries and all continents: in a few minutes a powerful space vehicle will carry me into the distant realm of space.

Only in the 1960s did Vilnius begin to grow again, following an influx of Lithuanian and Polish population from neighbouring regions and well as from other areas of the Soviet Union ( particularly Russians and Belarusians ).

Powell further claimed that even if nuclear weapons had not existed, the Russians would still not have invaded Western Europe: " What has prevented that from happening was ... the fact that the Soviet Union knew ... that such an action on its part would have led to a third world war -— a long war, bitterly fought, a war which in the end the Soviet Union would have been likely to lose on the same basis and in the same way as the corresponding war was lost by Napoleon, by the Emperor Wilhelm and by Adolf Hitler.

After the WWII, the population of East Prussia was replaced by the Soviet one, mainly by Russians.

The historical records show that the Treblinka camp guards were of varied ethnic groups and nationalities, comprising not only Germans ( Volksdeutsche ) but also a number of Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Moldovans, Latvians, and representatives of Soviet Central Asia ( including a number of collaborating Soviet prisoners of war ).

Under the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, ethnic Russians were sent to colonize captured territory such as Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, while local languages, religions and customs were banned or suppressed.

Russians also dominated the Soviet military and the Communist Party ( CPSU ).

Some researchers assert that most Russians today have come to regret the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Since the fall of the Soviet Union various new religious movements have sprung up and gathered a following among ethnic Russians.