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In Trebizond, however, far from the weakening reach of Constantinople, he simply revised his title to " Emperor and Autocrat of the entire East, of the Iberians and the Perateia " which remained in use until the Empire's end in 1461.
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Trebizond and however
From the 12th century however, the title was increasingly, although again not officially, used for powerful foreign sovereigns, such as the kings of France or Sicily, the tsars of the restored Bulgarian Empire, the Latin emperors and the emperors of Trebizond.
John, however, replied that he was following the precedent set by his predecessors and that the nobility of Trebizond would not allow him to renounce the traditional title.
The Komnenoi did rule however in the Empire of Trebizond.
Trebizond and far
Their campaigns were targeted at rich settlements on the Black Sea shores of the Ottoman Empire, and several times took them as far as Constantinople and Trabzon ( formerly Trebizond ).
Trebizond and from
She married Basil of Trebizond and took over the throne of the Empire of Trebizond from 1340 to 1341.
George of Trebizond who was Bessarion's philosophical rival had recently produced a new Latin translation of Ptolemy's Almagest from the Greek, which Bessarion, correctly, regarded as inaccurate and badly translated, so he asked Peuerbach to produce a new one.
According to Tamar's historian, the aim of the Georgian expedition to Trebizond was to punish the Byzantine emperor Alexius IV Angelus for his confiscation of a shipment of money from the Georgian queen to the monasteries of Antioch and Mount Athos.
Tamar's realm stretched from the Greater Caucasus crest in the north to Erzurum in the south, and from the Zygii in the northwest to the vicinities of Ganja in the southeast, forming a pan-Caucasian empire, with the loyal Zachariad regime in northern and central Armenia, Shirvan as a vassal and Trebizond as an ally.
A fourteenth-century miniature Medieval Greek | Greek manuscript depicting Byzantine Greeks | Byzantine Greek soldiers from the Empire of Trebizond.
After the Fourth Crusade in 1204, a Byzantine successor state was founded there with support of Queen Tamar of Georgia, the Empire of Trebizond, which ruled part of the Black Sea coast from Trebizond until 1461, when its ruler, David, surrendered to Mehmed II, ruler of the Ottoman Empire.
Accordingly, the courtship failed and Sphrantzes took steps to arrange for a marriage with a princess either from Trebizond Empire or the Kingdom of Georgia.
Claimed the throne of the Empire of Trebizond from Alexios III.
According to a communication from Andreas of Trebizond to Pope Sixtus IV, by the time of its demolition to make way for the present chapel, the Cappella Maggiore was in a ruinous state with its walls leaning.
He was born on the island of Crete, and derived his surname Trapezuntius from the fact that his ancestors were from Trebizond.
However, much of the former Byzantine territory remained in the hands of rival successor states led by Byzantine Greek aristocrats, such as the Despotate of Epirus, the Empire of Nicaea, and the Empire of Trebizond, which were bent on reconquest from the Latins.
It was a part of the Empire of Trebizond from the sacking of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade in 1204 until the capture of the city by the Seljuk Turks of Rûm in 1214.
Theodore also defeated an army from Trebizond, as well as other minor rivals, leaving him in charge of the most powerful of the successor states.
) was the shouting of joy when the roaming 10, 000 Greeks saw Euxeinos Pontos ( the Black Sea ) from Mount Theches ( Θήχης ) in Trebizond in the year 401 BC.
David Megas Komnenos () ( c. 1408 – November 1, 1463 ) was the last Emperor of Trebizond from 1459 to 1461.
* Theodora of Trebizond, empress regnant from 1284 to 1285.
( She had married Uzun Hassan in a deal to protect Trebizond from the Ottomans.
However, the creation of the Empire of Trebizond was not directly related to the capture of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade, as it had broken away from the Byzantine Empire a few weeks prior to that event.
Alexios III of Trebizond | Alexios III, from the chrysobull he granted to the Dionysiou monastery on Mount Athos.
In fact, the Empire of Trebizond relied heavily upon wealth gained from its trade with Genoese and Venetian merchants to secure for itself the resources necessary to maintain independence.
Trebizond and reach
Ultimately this " marching republic " managed to reach the shores of the Black Sea at Trabzon ( Trebizond ), a destination they greeted with their famous cry of joyous exultation on the mountain of Theches ( now Madur ) in Surmene: " thálatta, thálatta ", " the sea, the sea!
Trebizond and Constantinople
While Andronikos was on one of his incursions, his castle was surprised by the governor of Trebizond, and Theodora and her two children were captured and sent to Constantinople.
Andronikos I was the last of the Komnenoi to rule Constantinople, although his grandsons Alexios and David founded the Empire of Trebizond in 1204.
With Constantinople occupied, claimants to the imperial succession styled themselves as emperor in the chief centers of resistance: The Lackarid dynasty in the Empire of Nicaea, the Komnenid dynasty in the Empire of Trebizond and the Doukid dynasty in the Despotate of Epirus.
The Trebizond emperor formally submitted in Constantinople in 1281 AD, but frequently flouted convention by styling themselves emperor back in Trebizond thereafter.
* Theodore I Lascaris flees to Nicaea after the capture of Constantinople, and establishes the Empire of Nicaea ; Byzantine successor states are also established in Epirus and Trebizond.
The Venetian and Genoese merchants paid visits to Trebizond during the medieval period and sold silk, linen and woolen fabric ; with the Republic of Genoa having an important merchant colony within the city that was similar to Galata near Constantinople ( north across the Golden Horn ) in present-day Istanbul.
* Patriarch Symeon I of Constantinople, or Symeon of Trebizond, reigned three times: 1466, 1471 – 1475 and 1482 – 1486
He was the bishop or archbishop of Trebizond before accession to the Constantinople see.
The Latin Empire, which was established by the Crusaders in Constantinople, had poor control over former Byzantine territory, and Byzantine successor states sprang up in Epirus and Trebizond as well as Nicaea, although Trebizond broke away as an independent state a few weeks before the fall of Constantinople.
With the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 and the weakness of Crimean Gothia ( overshadowed by the Genoese colonies and the remnants of the Golden Horde ), these marital alliances provided little support for Trebizond after David's accession in 1459.
The population was divided into groups, some being allocated to the service of the Sultan and his officers, others added to the population of Constantinople, and the remainder were allowed to inhabit the outskirts of Trebizond itself.
At that period the Republic of Genoa also controlled one quarter of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire, and Trebizond, capital of the Empire of Trebizond.
After the Fourth Crusade and the sack of Constantinople in 1204, Panticapaeum passed to the Byzantine Empire's successor state the Empire of Trebizond.
" However, after Michael VIII Palaeologus of Nicea recaptured Constantinople and was recognized as Roman Emperor and as Trebizond suzerain, the Commenian insistence on being styled " Emperor " became a sore point.
Trebizond was in continual conflict with the Sultanate of Iconium and later with the Ottoman Turks, as well as Constantinople, the Italian republics, and especially the Republic of Genoa.
John VIII Xiphilinus (), a native of Trebizond, was patriarch of Constantinople from 1064 – 1075.
The area was recaptured by the Byzantines in 1098 during the Crusades and later following the sack of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade of 1204, the Byzantine Imperial family itself removed to nearby Trabzon establishing the Empire of Trebizond, of which Rize was part.
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