Politicians were particularly incensed at Soyinka's prescient portrayal of post-colonial Nigerian politics as aimless and corrupt.

Frantz Fanon ( July 20, 1925 – December 6, 1961 ) was a Martinique-born French-Algerian psychiatrist, philosopher, revolutionary and writer whose work is influential in the fields of post-colonial studies, critical theory and Marxism.

The Canadian writer Margaret Atwood is also a post-colonial writer who dealt with themes of identity-seeking through her Southern Ontario Gothic style of writing.

* Derek Walcott, Nobel Laureate, poet, writer and artist of the post-colonial school of English language writing

In the same year, a Caribbean Quaker and PN writer, Marion Glean, " contributed to a series of statements by post-colonial activists on race in the run-up to the 1964 election, published by Theodore Roszak, editor of Peace News " After the election, Glean helped bring together several activists, including Dr. David Pitt,

Sri Lankan writers like Nihal De Silva or Carl Muller write about the post-colonial situation and the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka, while Michael Ondaatje, international the most acclaimed author with Sri Lankan roots, adds the perspective of the diaspora.

* An article on the concepts of " migration ", " return " and other related post-colonial topics in The God of Small Things.

The Kingdom of Sikkim, which had already lost its Darjeeling region to British India in 1853, was annexed by the post-colonial Republic of India in April 1975 and, in the following month, Sikkim's people voted to join the Indian Union.

Political upheaval and Communist insurrection put an end to the monarchies of Indochina after World War II: a short-lived attempt to leave a monarchical form of government in post-colonial South Vietnam came to naught in 1955, a military coup overthrew the kingless monarchy in Cambodia in 1970 and a Communist takeover ended the monarchy in Laos in 1975.

During his rule, Banda was one of the very few post-colonial African leaders to maintain diplomatic relations with apartheid South Africa.

The USA and USSR intervened in post-colonial Africa in pursuit of their own objectives.

47 are designed to cover the activities of mercenaries in post-colonial Africa and do not address adequately the use of private military companies ( PMCs ) by sovereign states.

A fair jury trial of a former head of state was unprecedented in the history of post-colonial Africa where previous dictators had been tried and executed after show trials.

Nevertheless, although virtually all scholars now agree that Africa qualifies as having a “ history ," Trevor-Roper's statements played an indirect, but important role in the development of post-colonial African studies by motivating wide-ranging discussions about Africa ’ s role in the present and historical world.

In June 1997, an advisor to Mbeki, Vusi Maviembela, wrote that the African Renaissance was the " third moment " in post-colonial Africa, following decolonization and the outbreak of democracy across the continent during the early 1990s.

Although a socialist, Senghor avoided the Marxist and anti-Western ideology that had become popular in post-colonial Africa, favouring the maintenance of close ties with France and the western world.

After World War II, militarism appeared in many of the post-colonial nations of Asia ( i. e. North Korea, Myanmar and Thailand ) and Africa ( i. e. Liberia, Nigeria and Uganda ).

The divide and conquer strategy was used by foreign countries in Africa during the colonial and post-colonial period.

* In the post-colonial novel Waiting for the Barbarians by J. M. Coetzee, the story is told from the narrative perspective of the magistrate of one of the settlements in what is presumed to be Africa.

* Several post-colonial countries in Africa have merged to remove the artificial borders imposed by previous colonial powers.

His election defeat marked the first time in post-colonial Francophone Africa that an incumbent lost a free election.

The term has also been used for large scale post-colonial emigration of whites from Africa, driven by levels of violent crime and other reasons.

: was perhaps the shrewdest and most original anti-imperialist analyst of the post-war world, especially in the dynamics between the West and the post-colonial states of Asia and Africa.

" While many developing world economists blame Africa's poverty on the long-term effects of European colonialism and predict ongoing economic stagnation in Africa, Johns has been one of several prominent global affairs experts to challenge this argument, responding that Africa's future will be promising if post-colonial governments abandon statist and autocratic policies.

The colonel la Roncière seems rather clumsy and unprepared for the situation he faces in Elisabethville where his total lack of knowledge of the post-colonial situation in Central Africa soon puts him in trouble with his European and African mentors.

The term Raubwirtschaft is often used to describe some late 19th-century colonial and post-colonial practices during the Scramble for Africa.

He has been accused to be a " neo-colonialist ", and in this novel post-colonial Africa is depicted as spiraling into hell.

During the early post-colonial era in Africa, the cases of Rhodesia and South Africa were clear cases of rule by dominant minorities ; the dominant minority phenomenon in Africa was not limited to Whites, however.

Nevertheless, it is important as a reflection of Asare's and other African intellectuals ' views on how to liberate their countries from colonialism — in fact, the book never mentions where Pachanga is located, and it could be a metaphor for any country in Africa during the post-colonial period.

The novel is often used in literature classes focusing on women's roles in post-colonial Africa.

L ' Allemagne du Saint-Empire au deuil post-colonial ", Clermont-Ferrand, PUBP, coll.

Defined by Toni Morrison as " a global novel ", the book sets itself in the wide frame of Western and post-colonial culture, through the multilingualism of its characters, the mixture of East and West and the great number of references that span from Greek mythology, European philosophy and contemporaries such as Milan Kundera and the stars of rock ' n roll.

He pursues that theme in his novel The Voice ( Africana Publishing: ISBN 0-8419-0015-9 ) Its protagonist Okolo, like countless post-colonial Africans, is hunted by society and haunted by his own ideals.

Matiba's star continued to shine in the post-colonial period helped by his connections with the prominent Kiambu family of Musa Gitau who was one of the first Africans to become the Minister of the Presbyterian Church in Kenya.

Sylvia Tamale wrote in 2011 that some African feminists interpret traditional practices such as FGM within a post-colonial context that makes opposing them a complex issue.

Post-colonialism studies how writers articulate, present, and celebrate their post-colonial national identity, which often first must be reclaimed from the coloniser, whilst maintaining strong connections with the colonialist country ; how knowledge of the sub-ordinated ( colonised ) people was generated, and applied against the colonised people in service to the cultural and economic interests of the colonial country ; and how colonialist literature justified colonialism by misrepresenting the colonised people as an inferior race whose society, culture, and economy must be managed for them.

Often in a post-colonial context, the growing recognition and use of indigenous education methods can be a response to the erosion and loss of indigenous knowledge and language through the processes of colonialism.

# Use of English language literature: It may be asked if the target of post-colonial studies, i. e. the analysis of post-colonial literature and culture, can be reached neglecting literary works in the original languages of post-colonial nations.

Traditions of both oral narrative as well as ritual are in general a lesser part of Oneida culture today than they were up until post-colonial times, but as the clan leaders indicate, the culture is valued, and the Oneida language is integral in enacting that culture ( Elm & Antone vii ).

Like French and English, Portuguese has become a post-colonial language in Africa and one of the working languages of the African Union ( AU ) and the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ).

* An Islamic Internationalist viewpoint is emerging from the anti-war and post-colonial movements, based on Islamic history and culture.

He therefore lived through the whole of the ' Troubles ' ( 1968 – 99 ), and his sensibility has been permanently shaped by coming to understand Northern Ireland as a post-colonial ( and so, in his view, de facto ' Third World ') society imposed on an older culture.

The architecture of the areas now constituting Pakistan can be traced to four distinct periods: pre-Islamic, Hindu heritage, Buddhist culture, Islamic, colonial, and post-colonial.

Its intellectual touchstone is the political culture of post-colonial Singapore where many feel marginalized with little promise of respite in personal or professional life.

The greater themes of the series so far are: post-colonial backlash, loss of cultural identity, and " Going Native "- a term applied to those of " civilized " nature who abandon their own culture and adopt the lifestyle of a more " savage " persuasion.