Arsenic is a common n-type dopant in semiconductor electronic devices, and the optoelectronic compound gallium arsenide is the most common semiconductor in use after doped silicon.

Gray arsenic is a semimetal, but becomes a semiconductor with a bandgap of 1. 2 – 1. 4 eV if amorphized.

In a semiconductor diode, the anode is the P-doped layer which initially supplies holes to the junction.

The technologically most important thin amorphous film is probably represented by few nm thin SiO < sub > 2 </ sub > layers serving as isolator above the conducting channel of a metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor ( MOSFET ).

Elemental boron is used as a dopant in the semiconductor industry.

Garnering much excitement is the possible use of diamond as a semiconductor suitable to build microchips from, or the use of diamond as a heat sink in electronics.

In contemporary usage, memory is usually semiconductor storage read-write random-access memory, typically DRAM ( Dynamic-RAM ) or other forms of fast but temporary storage.

These sheets are rolled at specific and discrete (" chiral ") angles, and the combination of the rolling angle and radius decides the nanotube properties ; for example, whether the individual nanotube shell is a metal or semiconductor.

The process is often used in the semiconductor industry to produce thin films.

This is the case in a p-type semiconductor.

Semiconductors and insulators are distinguished from metals because the valence band in any given metal is nearly filled with electrons under usual operating conditions, while very few ( semiconductor ) or virtually none ( insulator ) of them are available in the conduction band, the band immediately above the valence band.

For this to occur, energy is required, as in the semiconductor the next higher states lie above the band gap.

However, as the temperature of a semiconductor rises above absolute zero, there is more energy in the semiconductor to spend on lattice vibration and on exciting electrons into the conduction band.

Conduction in semiconductor devices may occur by a combination of drift and diffusion, which is proportional to diffusion constant and charge density.

A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength ( near infrared ) semiconductor laser through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer.

The term " memory " is often ( but not always ) associated with addressable semiconductor memory, i. e. integrated circuits consisting of silicon-based transistors, used for example as primary memory but also other purposes in computers and other digital electronic devices.

The semiconductor memory is organized into memory cells or bistable flip-flops, each storing one binary bit ( 0 or 1 ).

some enthusiasts favoured vacuum tube amplifiers for audio applications, sometimes using valve rather than semiconductor rectifiers.

Power integrated circuits combine IC technology with power semiconductor technology, these are sometimes referred to as " smart " power devices.

CMOS is also sometimes referred to as complementary-symmetry metal – oxide – semiconductor ( or COS-MOS ).

However, particularly in semiconductor physics and engineering, the term " Fermi energy " is sometimes used as a synonym for " Fermi level ".

All aluminum systems in semiconductor fabrication eliminate the " purple plague " ( brittle gold-aluminum intermetallic compound ) sometimes associated with pure gold bonding wire.

All aluminum systems in semiconductor fabrication eliminate the " purple plague " ( brittle gold-aluminum intermetallic compound ) sometimes associated with pure gold bonding wire.

Thyratrons have been replaced in most low and medium-power applications by corresponding semiconductor devices known as thyristors ( sometimes called silicon-controlled rectifiers, or SCRs ) and triacs.

In the integrated circuit industry it is called simply packaging and sometimes semiconductor device assembly, or simply assembly.

An excimer laser ( sometimes more correctly called an exciplex laser ) is a form of ultraviolet laser which is commonly used in the production of microelectronic devices ( semiconductor integrated circuits or “ chips ”), eye surgery, and micromachining.

Research into techniques for stimulating and recording from individual neurons grown on semiconductor chips is sometimes referred to as neuroelectronics or neurochips.

Dry etching refers to the removal of material, typically a masked pattern of semiconductor material, by exposing the material to a bombardment of ions ( usually a plasma of reactive gases such as fluorocarbons, oxygen, chlorine, boron trichloride ; sometimes with addition of nitrogen, argon, helium and other gases ) that dislodge portions of the material from the exposed surface.

In conjunction with semiconductor manufacturing, micromachining and display production the removal of organic residues by oxygen plasmas is sometimes correctly described as a dry etch process.

Regular structures can sometimes lead to compact semiconductor implementations.

HgCdTe or mercury cadmium telluride ( also cadmium mercury telluride, MCT or CMT ) is an alloy of CdTe and HgTe and is sometimes claimed to be the third semiconductor of technological importance after silicon and gallium ( III ) arsenide.

Any semiconductor diode has an exponential voltage / current characteristic that gives an effective " knee " voltage sometimes used as a voltage reference.

Germanium ( Ge ) was a widely used early semiconductor material but its thermal sensitivity makes it less useful than silicon.

These advanced techniques are useful for examining low-dimensional semiconductor structures, such a quantum wells or quantum dots.

Indirect-heating floating zone methods use an induction-heated tungsten ring to heat the ingot radiatively, and are useful when the ingot is of a high-resistivity semiconductor on which classical induction heating is ineffective.

* Dilute magnetic semiconductor, materials that exhibit both ferromagnetism and useful semiconductor properties

The concept of free electrons and corresponding holes in a solid semiconductor is a useful tool for understanding conduction through the solid.

Recent research in block copolymers suggests that they may be useful in creating self-constructing fabrics with potential utility in semiconductor arrays ( for example, computer memory devices ) by assembling fine details atop a structured base created using conventional microlithography methods.

A reason that source-synchronous clocking is useful is that it has been observed that all of the circuits within a given semiconductor device experience roughly the same process-voltage-temperature ( PVT ) variation.

A useful feature of the motor-generator is that they can handle large short-term overloads better than semiconductor devices of the same average load rating.

Magnetic semiconductors are semiconductor materials that exhibit both ferromagnetism ( or a similar response ) and useful semiconductor properties.

Using a semiconductor telescope and conventional electronics to identify the < sup > 14 </ sup > C ions, the Rose and Jones's experiment was running for about six months in order to get 11 useful events.