In 1929, Mojżesz Presburger showed that the theory of natural numbers with addition and equality ( now called Presburger arithmetic in his honor ) is decidable and gave an algorithm that could determine if a given sentence in the language was true or false.

In addition, as the same algorithm is used for background correction and elimination of lamp noise, the background corrected signals show a much better signal-to-noise ratio compared to the uncorrected signals, which is also in contrast to LS AAS.

This internal redundancy is exploited by VITC readers, in addition to the standard timecode " flywheel " algorithm.

* Cultural algorithm ( CA ) consists of the population component almost identical to that of the genetic algorithm and, in addition, a knowledge component called the belief space.

Additionally, this algorithm can be trivially modified to return an entire principal variation in addition to the score.

Yet another major class is the dynamic problems, in which the goal is to find an efficient algorithm for finding a solution repeatedly after each incremental modification of the input data ( addition or deletion input geometric elements ).

The deadline-monotonic scheduling algorithm is also optimal with equal periods and deadlines, in fact in this case the algorithms are identical ; in addition, deadline monotonic scheduling is optimal when deadlines are less than periods.

The latter algorithm can use any factors ( not necessarily relatively prime ), but it has the disadvantage that it also requires extra multiplications by roots of unity called twiddle factors, in addition to the smaller transforms.

In addition, many heuristics have been developed: for example, the first fit algorithm provides a fast but often non-optimal solution, involving placing each item into the first bin in which it will fit.

In addition to his significant contributions to number theory algorithms for multiprecision integers, such as factoring, Euclid's algorithm, long division, and proof of primality, he also formulated Lehmer's conjecture and participated in the Cunningham project.

In addition, as the dimensions of the problem get larger, the ratio of the embedded volume to the " corners " of the embedding volume tends towards zero, thus a lot of rejections can take place before a useful sample is generated, thus making the algorithm inefficient and impractical.

There is no known algorithm which can calculate a minimal addition chain for a given number with any guarantees of reasonable timing or small memory usage.

The simplest algorithms are for addition and subtraction, where one simply adds or subtracts the digits in sequence, carrying as necessary, which yields an O ( N ) algorithm ( see big O notation ).

The most successful algorithm to date is Andrew Golding and Dan Roth's " Winnow-based spelling correction algorithm ", published in 1999, which is able to recognize about 96 % of context-sensitive spelling errors, in addition to ordinary non-word spelling errors.

The obvious objection to this procedure is that the addition function is not defined by a number of examples, but by a general rule or algorithm.

In addition to rapid heuristic search methods, the FASTA package provides SSEARCH, an implementation of the optimal Smith-Waterman algorithm.

The algorithm is similar in structure to DES, but with the addition of a key-dependent bit permutation in the round function.

On these OTP systems, time is an important part of the password algorithm, since the generation of new passwords is based on the current time rather than, or in addition to, the previous password or a secret key.

The simplest way to solve these is just the Euler algorithm, which in essence is the linear addition described above.

But so far no algorithm has been developed to circumvent the reversal and addition iterative process.

The algorithm continues alternating subtraction and addition for each level of the tree until a node is generated with the vector < 0, 0, 0 > as its value.

Since the calculation consists of addition and multiplication over the finite field, the algorithm is more suited to hardware implementation, although software implementation is still feasible.

In addition to omitting the axiom of regularity, non-standard set theories have indeed postulated the existence of sets that are elements of themselves.

In addition to mathematical analysis of cryptographic algorithms, cryptanalysis also includes the study of side-channel attacks that do not target weaknesses in the cryptographic algorithms themselves, but instead exploit weaknesses in their implementation.

In addition, new technologies and tactics were developed, making most defences obsolete ; this led to the construction of star forts, specifically designed to withstand artillery bombardment though these too ( along with the Martello Tower ) would find themselves rendered obsolete when explosive and armour piercing rounds made even these types of fortifications vulnerable.

In addition, if the particles of which it is composed are supersymmetric, they can undergo annihilation interactions with themselves resulting in observable by-products such as photons and neutrinos (" indirect detection ").

In addition, later revisions to the qualification criteria add several requirements that have not been made into formalized ' rules ': innocent bystanders cannot be in danger, and the qualifying event must be caused without deliberate intent ( to prevent glory-seekers from purposely injuring themselves solely to win a Darwin ).

If the player concentrates on hearing the ma between each hit, in addition to the hits themselves, he or she will create a much more effective and satisfying sound.

Unlike the electrically neutral photon of quantum electrodynamics ( QED ), gluons themselves carry color charge and therefore participate in the strong interaction in addition to mediating it, making QCD significantly harder to analyze than QED.

Various political Muslim leaders since have styled themselves Caliph and served as dynastic heads of state, sometimes in addition to another title, such as the Ottoman Sultan.

Some religions uphold the belief that other forms of afterlife exist in addition to heaven and hell, such as purgatory, though many hells, such as Naraka, serve as purgatories themselves.

According to John L. Allen, Jr., " In addition, three decades of bishops ’ appointments by John Paul II and Benedict XVI, both unambiguously committed to “ Humanae Vitae ,” mean that senior leaders in Catholicism these days are far less inclined than they were in 1968 to distance themselves from the ban on birth control, or to soft-pedal it.

In addition to serving as a primary component of cellular membranes and binding sites for intra-and intercellular proteins, some glycerophospholipids in eukaryotic cells, such as phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidic acids are either precursors of or, themselves, membrane-derived second messengers.

This makes it difficult for new players to integrate themselves into the community without putting in much time and effort, making addition of new players even less likely.

In addition, many middle-class families moved into one-family houses in surrounding municipalities such as Vellinge Municipality, Lomma Municipality and Staffanstorp Municipality which profiled themselves as the suburbs of the upper middle class.

In addition to proverbs being used in songs themselves, some rock bands have used parts of proverbs as their names, such as the Rolling Stones, Bad Company, Mothers of Invention, Feast or Famine, Of Mice and Men.

In addition to the hardware limitations of desktop based logic, operating systems such as Windows do not lend themselves to deterministic logic execution, with the result that the logic may not always respond to changes in logic state or input status with the extreme consistency in timing as is expected from PLCs.

In addition to the team's overall performance, the first half of the season provided several memorable moments for the players themselves.

In addition to the voice actresses who have been responsible for Lara Croft's spoken dialogue during the games, a number of women have taken on the role of Lara for applications outside of the games themselves.

) In addition, many of the 41. 5 % of the population that refer to themselves as Christian practice a syncretized religion, not dissimilar from Haitian Vodou or Brazilian Cadomblé ; indeed, many of them are descended from freed Brazilian slaves who settled on the coast near Ouidah.

In addition, some open source wiki applications also describe themselves as enterprise solutions, including Foswiki, which calls itself " the free and open source enterprise collaboration platform ", and TWiki, which calls itself " the Open Source Enterprise Wiki ".

In addition, entire xenophobic societies tend not to be open to interactions from anything " outside " themselves, resulting in isolationism that can further increase xenophobia.

It allows operators to differentiate themselves by providing value-added services in addition to the standard telecom services such as PSTN, ISDN and GSM services on mobile phones.

In addition to how clouds themselves will respond to increased temperatures, there exist other feedbacks that will affect clouds properties and formation.

Science now considers that all life forms are alive by virtue of the fact that they are physically organized in such a way that they can reproduce themselves, not because they possess a special property distinct from and in addition to their physical organization.

" In jazz groups, four-mallet vibraphonists are often considered part of the rhythm section, typically substituting for piano or guitar, and providing accompaniment for other soloists in addition to soloing themselves.