Enzymes within the cisternae are able to modify the proteins by addition of carbohydrates ( glycosylation ) and phosphates ( phosphorylation ).

In addition to steroidogenic enzymes, ACTH also enhances transcription of mitochondrial genes that encode for subunits of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation systems.

Mass spectrometry is ideally suited for such analyses, as the addition of phosphorylation results in an increase in the mass of the protein and the phosphorylated residue.

ATP, the " high-energy " exchange medium in the cell, is synthesized in the mitochondrion by addition of a third phosphate group to ADP in a process referred to as oxidative phosphorylation.

** phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group, usually to serine, threonine, and tyrosine ( O-linked ), or histidine ( N-linked )

Within the last decade, many independent labs have demonstrated that, in addition to the classical ion transporting, this membrane protein can also relay extracellular ouabain-binding signalling into the cell through regulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation.

In addition, renin binding results in phosphorylation of serine and tyrosine residues of ATP6AP2.

These protein kinases have been linked to growth in dendritic spine volume and LTP processes such as the addition of AMPA receptors to the plasma membrane and phosphorylation of ion channels for enhanced permeability.

First, it was determined that the enzymatic activity of LP depends on the addition or removal of a phosphate group, a process called phosphorylation.

In addition to its role in regulating glycogen synthase, GSK-3 has been implicated in other aspects of glucose homeostasis, including the phosphorylation of insulin receptor IRS1 and of the gluconeogenic enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose 6 phosphatase.

In addition, a single GTP molecule is created from the combination of GDP and a phosphate group via substrate-level phosphorylation.

An alternative way to create ATP is through oxidative phosphorylation, which takes place during the process of cellular respiration, in addition to the substrate-level phosphorylation that occurs during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

The process of making proteins is called translation and involves the step-by-step addition of amino acids to a growing protein chain by a ribozyme that is called a ribosome.

Uncoating yields a transcriptionally active 470S core particle which is composed of two major proteins VP7 and VP3, and the three minor proteins VP1, VP4 and VP6 in addition to the dsRNA genome.

In addition to the seven structural proteins, three non-structural ( NS ) proteins, NS1, NS2, NS3 ( and a related NS3A ) are synthesised in BTV-infected cells.

In addition to DNA polymerase, the enzyme that synthesizes the new DNA by adding nucleotides matched to the template strand, a number of other proteins are associated with the fork and assist in the initiation and continuation of DNA synthesis.

In addition, some household products use enzymes to speed up biochemical reactions ( e. g., enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein or fat stains on clothes ; enzymes in meat tenderizers break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew ).

In addition to synthetic DNA there are also attempts to construct synthetic codons, synthetic endonucleases, synthetic proteins and synthetic zinc fingers.

In addition, interferons induce production of hundreds of other proteins — known collectively as interferon-stimulated genes ( ISGs )— that have roles in combating viruses.

In addition to serving as a primary component of cellular membranes and binding sites for intra-and intercellular proteins, some glycerophospholipids in eukaryotic cells, such as phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidic acids are either precursors of or, themselves, membrane-derived second messengers.

In addition to describing the motion of atomic level phenomena, quantum mechanics is useful in understanding some large scale phenomenon such as superfluidity, superconductivity, and biological systems, including the function of smell receptors and the structures of proteins.

In addition to movement generated by the dynamic instability of the microtubule itself, the fibers are substrates along which motor proteins can move.

The experiments showed that simple organic compounds of building blocks of proteins and other macromolecules can be formed from gases with the addition of energy.

In addition to its role in ribosomal biogenesis, the nucleolus is known to capture and immobilize proteins, a process known as nucleolar sequestration.

In addition to these levels of structure, proteins may shift between several related structures while they perform their functions.

In addition, bacteria may target proteins into or across the outer membrane.

In addition to the tertiary structure of the subunits, multiple-subunit < nowiki > proteins </ nowiki > possess a quaternary structure, which is the arrangement into which the subunits assemble.

In addition, a number of proteins including U2AF and SF1 are required for the assembly of the spliceosome.

In addition, the Type III secretion system ( T3SS ) allows Y. pestis to inject proteins into macrophages and other immune cells.

In addition to the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1962, which he shared with John Kendrew for their studies of the structures of hemoglobin and globular proteins, Max Perutz received a number of other important honors: he was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1963, received the Österreichisches Ehrenzeichen für Wissenschaft und Kunst in 1967, the Royal Medal in 1971, the Copley Medal in 1979, the Companions of Honour in 1975, and the Order of Merit in 1989.

In addition, several host cellular proteins have been shown to interact with IN to facilitate the integration process.

The addition of a phosphate to particular amino acids — most commonly serine and threonine mediated by serine / threonine kinases, or more rarely tyrosine mediated by tyrosine kinases — causes a protein to become a target for binding or interacting with a distinct set of other proteins that recognize the phosphorylated domain.

Without a normal gene to provide normal proteins in addition to the abnormal proteins caused by a MECP2 mutation, the XY karyotype male fetus is unable to check the development of the disease, hence the failure of many male fetuses with a MECP2 mutation to survive to term.

Multiplication, subtraction, and addition can then be accomplished as they appear in the equation by starting at the left end of the equation and working toward the right.

In addition, dirt particles can be held onto a soiled surface by sticky substances or by the surface tension of liquids, including liquid greases.

and natural waters, in addition, often contain impurities such as calcium salts which can react with soils to make them more difficult to remove.

The effect of drugs that act on the iodide-concentrating mechanism can be counteracted by addition of relatively large amounts of iodine to the diet.

The foaming can be accomplished at some future time at a different location by the addition of the correct proportion of catalyst in solution.

Just before game time, Robinson's pretty wife, Connie informed him that an addition to the family can be expected late next summer.

AAC can be a permanent addition to a person's communication or a temporary aid.

Acid-base conjugate pairs differ by one proton, and can be interconverted by the addition or removal of a proton ( protonation and deprotonation, respectively ).

In addition, the exterior of an adobe wall can be covered with glass to increase heat collection.

In addition, the researchers also mention that the shifting robot can even display an individual's hair style and skin color if a photo of their face is projected onto the 3D Mask.

Such modifications can also determine the localization of the protein, e. g., the addition of long hydrophobic groups can cause a protein to bind to a phospholipid membrane.

A stream anchor, which is usually heavier than a kedge anchor, can be used for kedging or warping in addition to temporary mooring and restraining stern movement in tidal conditions or in waters where vessel movement needs to be restricted, such as rivers and channels.

For example, if the numbers involved in a computation may be arbitrarily large, the time required by a single addition can no longer be assumed to be constant.

If the amount in the sample is below an instrument's range of measurement, the method of addition can be used.

Standard addition can be applied to most analytical techniques and is used instead of a calibration curve to solve the matrix effect problem.

The University can rarely provide all the necessary training in first hand experience that an apprenticeship can, and therefore in addition to graduate level training the profession also tends towards encouraging conservation students to spend time as an intern.

In addition the fixed cell structure means that ATM can be readily switched by hardware without the inherent delays introduced by software switched and routed frames.

According to the special theory of relativity, the aberration looks as a transform of the celestial sphere due to different frames of reference and is virtually a special case of velocity addition, namely one of the light beam and frames ' relative velocity v. The formula from relativistic aberration can be simplified to

While acrylic retarders can slow drying time to several hours, it remains a relatively fast-drying medium, and the addition of too much acrylic retarder can prevent the paint from ever drying properly.

In addition, they can develop considerable amount of shame over their inadequacy to liberate their parents from alcoholism.

On some occasions a patient with a brain AVM may become aware of the noise, which can compromise hearing and interfere with sleep in addition to causing psychological distress.

In addition, cutting operations can smear the lead globules over the surface.