In addition, some cities have separate rail-based mass transit systems ( including the extensive and historic London Underground ).

In addition, ordinary matter is not strong enough to support a hollow shape of planetary size against the force of gravity ; a planet-sized hollow shell with the known, observed thickness of the Earth's crust, would not be able to achieve hydrostatic equilibrium with its own mass and would collapse.

In addition, Coronal mass ejections from the Sun are highly dangerous, and are fatal within a very short timescale to humans unless they are protected by massive shielding.

In addition, the isotopic composition of an element can vary depending on its source, hence its contribution to the mass of even a pure stoichiometric compound may vary.

In addition to this, gravitational mass is a measure of magnitude of the gravitational force which is

In addition, during the mass demobilizations that followed each of America's major wars of the 20th century, it was a common occurrence for the Purple Heart to be omitted from service records, due to clerical errors, once the service record was closed upon discharge.

In addition, solid rockets have a long history as the final boost stage for satellites due to their simplicity, reliability, compactness and reasonably high mass fraction.

In addition, a fusion rocket may produce less radiation than a fission rocket, reducing the mass needed for shielding.

Lastly, the work of Célestin Port, Dictionnaire historique, géographique et biographique de Maine-et-Loire ( 3 vols., Paris and Angers, 1874 – 1878 ), and its small volume of Préliminaires ( including a summary of the history of Anjou ), contain, in addition to the biographies of the chief counts of Anjou, a mass of information concerning everything connected with Angevin history.

A coronal mass ejection ( CME ) is an ejected plasma consisting primarily of electrons and protons ( in addition to small quantities of heavier elements such as helium, oxygen, and iron ), plus the entraining coronal closed magnetic field regions.

Since the 2nd century, a mass of legendary detail has accumulated around the figure of Joseph of Arimathea in addition to the New Testament references.

In addition to the relieving effects on menopausal symptoms, Femarelle also increases bone mass density ( BMD ), making it protective against osteoporotic fractures.

In addition, he believed that the true mass of particles is not constant, but variable, and that each particle can be represented as a thermodynamic machine equivalent to a cyclic integral of action.

In addition to the " mass " producers of vibraphones, custom manufacturers, notably vanderPlas Percussion of The Netherlands, are also active.

In addition, employers campaigned over the years to outlaw a number of union practices such as closed shops, secondary boycotts, jurisdictional strikes, mass picketing, strikes in violation of contractual no-strike clauses, pension and health and welfare plans sponsored by unions and multi-employer bargaining.

Mass spectrometry is ideally suited for such analyses, as the addition of phosphorylation results in an increase in the mass of the protein and the phosphorylated residue.

In addition, the Regional Transportation District ( RTD ) provides mass transit, including a light rail system.

In addition, the amount of time a maggot mass has been exposed to salt water can affect its development.

In addition to the production of Zyklon B without the warning odorant specifically for the purpose of mass killings of humans, it has been suggested that some Zyklon B may have lacked the odorant because of supply shortages.

In addition to reducing flutter, mass balances also reduce the stick forces required to move the control surface in flight.

Following each of these events, the Academy thoroughly examined the etiology of the mass cheating in addition to alleged excessive pressures that the academic system at the time placed on cadets and made changes in attempts to reduce the opportunities for future incidents.

In addition, Irving was influenced to embrace Holocaust denial by the American historian Arno J. Mayer's 1988 book Why Did the Heavens Not Darken ?, which did not deny the Holocaust, but claimed that most of those who died at Auschwitz were killed by disease ; Irving saw in Mayer's book an apparent confirmation of Leuchter's and Zündel's theories about no mass murder at Auschwitz.

In addition, the amendments made in Montreal to the Convention on International Civil Aviation on 14 June 1954 were liberal to Spain, allowing mass tourism using charter planes.

In addition it can be used to approximate the mass of a band by comparison to a special mass ladder.

In addition to mathematical expressions for total angular momentum and angular momentum projection of wavefunctions, an expression for the radial dependence of the wave functions must be found.

In addition, by choosing to move along curved paths while leaning their bodies radially and flexing their knees, skaters can use gravity to control and increase their momentum.

In addition to their other properties all particles possess a quantity, which has no correspondence at all in conventional physics, namely the spin, which is some kind of intrinsic angular momentum ( therefore the name ).

In addition, the Stark effect also removes the degeneracy of energy states having the same total angular momentum ( specified by the quantum number J ).

" Classically this statement makes sense only if one assumes in addition that the momentum p of electrons and nuclei is of the same order of magnitude.

In addition to keeping the bead in the center of the laser, a focused laser also keeps the bead in a fixed axial position: The momentum change of the focused rays causes a force towards the laser focus, both when the bead is in front ( left image ) or behind ( right image ) the laser focus.

His tall and imposing person, noble countenance, and solemn and grave demeanour were uniquely adapted for the Roman characters in Shakespeare's plays ; and, when in addition had to depict the gradual growth and development of one absorbing passion, his representation gathered a momentum and majestic force that were irresistible.

In addition to the magnitude of rotational angular momentum J and its component on an axis fixed in space M ( as for linear molecules ), there is a third rotational quantum number K which defines the component of rotational angular momentum along the molecular axis which turns in space.

In certain fiction, plasma weapons may also have a significant kinetic energy component, that is to say the ionized material is projected with sufficient momentum to cause some secondary impact damage in addition to causing high thermal damage.

Due to Beethoven's metronome markings and the addition of the indication of con moto (= with momentum ), the Andante ( in F major, the subdominant of the symphony's home key ) of the second movement is played considerably faster than the general concept of that tempo.

The fermionic exchange rule implies more than the exclusion of two particles from the same point: in addition, the momentum of two identical fermions can never be the same, wherever they are located.

In addition, the well-defined symmetry axes of crystalline materials makes it possible to determine the dispersion relationship between the momentum ( a 3-dimension vector quantity ) and energy of a material.

Also, in addition to the initial pressure wave, a jet effect caused by the expansion of compressed gases ( compression-driven ) or production of rapidly expanding gases ( blast-driven ) follows and may transfer momentum to a sample after the blast wave has passed.

Uhlenbeck, Goudsmit, and Kronig introduced the idea of the self-rotation of the electron, which would naturally give rise to an angular momentum vector in addition to the one associated with orbital motion ( quantum numbers and ).

In addition to the filtered mass and momentum equations, filtering the kinetic energy equation can provide additional insight.

In addition, unlike atomic-electron term symbols, the lowest energy state is not L − S, but rather, l + s. All nuclear levels whose l value ( orbital angular momentum ) is greater than zero are thus split in the shell model to create states designated by l + s and l − s. Due to the nature of the shell model, which assumes an average potential rather than a central Coulombic potential, the nucleons that go into the l + s and l − s nuclear states are considered degenerate within each orbital ( e. g. The 2p3 / 2 contains four nucleons, all of the same energy.

Crystal momentum also earns its chance to shine in these types of calculations, for, in order to calculate an electron's trajectory of motion using the above equations one need only consider external fields, while attempting the calculation from a set of EOMs based on true momentum would require taking into account individual coulomb and Lorenz forces of every single lattice ion in addition to the external field.

In addition, that the speed of light is unreachable for massive bodies was measured in many Tests of relativistic energy and momentum.

In addition to modifying notions of space and time, special relativity forces one to reconsider the concepts of mass, momentum, and energy, all of which are important constructs in Newtonian mechanics.

As shown in Figure 2, k-vectors outside the first Brillouin zone are physically equivalent to vectors inside it and can be mathematically transformed into each other by the addition of a reciprocal lattice vector G. These processes are called Umklapp scattering and change the total phonon momentum.