In fluids such as air and water, sound waves propagate as disturbances in the ambient pressure level.

* BS 8494 for detecting and measuring carbon dioxide in ambient air or extraction systems

If the holes are closed, the gas will only mix with ambient air at the point of combustion, that is, only after it has exited the tube at the top.

Most commonly, the adiabatic combustion temperatures for coals are around ( for inlet air and fuel at ambient temperatures and for ), around for oil and for natural gas.

Cement manufacturing releases CO < sub > 2 </ sub > in the atmosphere both directly when calcium carbonate is heated, producing lime and carbon dioxide, and Eco-cement can absorb carbon dioxide from ambient air during hardening.

The internal temperature rises as the black vanes impart heat to the air molecules, but the molecules are cooled again when they touch the bulb's glass surface, which is at ambient temperature.

** Atmospheric dispersion modeling, mathematical simulation of how air pollutants disperse in the ambient atmosphere

The operation of engines typically has a negative impact upon air quality and ambient sound levels.

An anaesthesia machine allows composing a mixture of oxygen, anaesthetics and ambient air, delivering it to the patient and monitoring patient and machine parameters.

Detailed calculation of the efficiency of a hydropower turbine will account for the head lost due to flow friction in the power canal or penstock, rise in tail water level due to flow, the location of the plant and effect of varying gravity, the temperature and barometric pressure of the air, the density of the water at ambient temperature, and the altitudes above sea level of the forebay and tailbay.

In a limited sense, the Coandă effect refers to the tendency of a fluid jet to stay attached to an adjacent surface that curves away from the flow, and the resultant entrainment of ambient air into the flow.

A thin metallic membrane was gradually deformed as ambient air pressure increased during descent.

Everyday pressure measurements, such as for tire pressure, are usually made relative to ambient air pressure.

* Gauge pressure is zero-referenced against ambient air pressure, so it is equal to absolute pressure minus atmospheric pressure.

Some standard values of atmospheric pressure such as 101. 325 kPa or 100 kPa have been defined, and some instruments use one of these standard values as a constant zero reference instead of the actual variable ambient air pressure.

A vented gauge pressure transmitter for example allows the outside air pressure to be exposed to the negative side of the pressure sensing diaphragm, via a vented cable or a hole on the side of the device, so that it always measures the pressure referred to ambient barometric pressure.

Pure nickel shows a significant chemical activity that can be observed when nickel is powdered to maximize the exposed surface area on which reactions can occur, but larger pieces of the metal are slow to react with air at ambient conditions due to the formation of a protective oxide surface.

Carbon capture from ambient air is more costly, at between $ 600 and $ 1000 per ton and is considered impractical for fuel synthesis or carbon sequestration.

High oxidation-resistance in air at ambient temperature is normally achieved with additions of a minimum of 13 % ( by weight ) chromium, and up to 26 % is used for harsh environments.

Fresh snow absorbs sound, lowering ambient noise over a landscape because the trapped air between snowflakes attenuates vibration.

The turbocharger's compressor draws in ambient air and compresses it before it enters into the intake manifold at increased pressure.

Fixed gases are gases for which no liquid or solid can form at the temperature of the gas, such as air at typical ambient temperatures.

Now fed by ambient air, the fire decreased in intensity and eventually put itself out, but produced large amounts of smoke, which killed the astronauts.

It studies processes and develops models relating to climate and air quality, including the transport, dispersion, transformation and removal of pollutants from the ambient atmosphere.

For example, a light output of approximately 1500 to 2500 ANSI lumens is suitable for small screens viewed in rooms with low ambient light ; approximately 2500 to 4000 lm is suitable for medium-sized screens with some ambient light ; over 4000 lm is needed for very large screens or for use in rooms with no lighting control such as conference rooms.

What is not generally known to end users is that polypropylene strapping will lose about 50 % of the applied tension within one hour, and that this tension loss is accelerated with increases in ambient temperature, consequently although suitable for packs with a degree of stored energy that will take up any relaxtion that occurs in the strap, unacceptable strap slackness may occur after time if used on product that is ' Solid ' such as bricks or concrete.

Whereas it is paramagnetic at ambient conditions, it becomes antiferromagnetic upon cooling, and other magnetic transitions are also observed for many curium compounds.

The final form of the solid is determined by the conditions under which the fluid is being solidified, such as the chemistry of the fluid, the ambient pressure, the temperature, and the speed with which all these parameters are changing.

For example, depending on surface porosity, 5 – 30 atomic layers of titanium carbide are hydrolyzed within 5 minutes at ambient conditions, following by saturation of the reaction.

The pumped gases continue flowing to the base of the pump at increased pressure, flowing out through the diffusion pump outlet, where they are compressed to ambient pressure by the secondary mechanical forepump and exhausted.

Fungi and ambient bacteria are used in the preparation of fermented and pickled foods like leavened bread, alcoholic drinks, cheese, pickles, kombucha, and yogurt.

Radiosity, ray tracing, beam tracing, cone tracing, path tracing, Metropolis light transport, ambient occlusion, photon mapping, and image based lighting are examples of algorithms used in global illumination, some of which may be used together to yield results that are not fast, but accurate.

Due to the low ambient pressures, these eruptions consist of vapor without liquid ; they are made more easily visible by particles of dust and ice carried aloft by the gas.

Additional advantages of passive hydroponics are the reduction of root rot and the additional ambient humidity provided through evaporations.

Wild Syrian hamsters are true hibernators and allow their body temperature to fall close to ambient temperature ( but not below 20 ° C ).

High pressures are usually required to produce black phosphorus, but it can also be produced at ambient conditions using metal salts as catalysts.

Plankton abundance and distribution are strongly dependent on factors such as ambient nutrient concentrations, the physical state of the water column, and the abundance of other plankton.

There are three types of lighting in this scene which have been specifically chosen and placed by the artist in an attempt to create realistic lighting: spot lighting with shadows ( placed outside the window to create the light shining on the floor ), ambient lighting ( without which any part of the room not lit directly by a light source would be totally dark ), and omnidirectional lighting without shadows ( to reduce the flatness of the ambient lighting ).

His early tracks are somewhat ambient, but already feature the rhythm pattern of his seminal 1997 work Modus Operandi, which embodies most of his mid-nineties style: atmospheric, but at the same time very cold and paranoid, consisting mostly of jazz-influenced, highly complex drum patterns and sequenced double bass lines, sometimes with minimalistic synth melodies on top.

The vectors described in this article are a very special case of this general definition because they are contravariant with respect to the ambient space.

Zorn later formed the Painkiller project with ambient dub producer Bill Laswell on bass guitar and Mick Harris on drums, which also collaborated with Justin Broadrick on some work.

* Ultramarine are a UK-based ambient / ambient house band, formed in the early 1990s by Paul Hammond and Ian Cooper.

In ambient ionization, ions are formed outside the mass spectrometer without sample preparation or separation.

Tufa is a variety of limestone, formed by the precipitation of carbonate minerals from ambient temperature water bodies.

Although sometimes regarded as a distinct carbonate deposit, calcareous sinter formed from ambient temperature water can be considered a sub-type of tufa.

O Yuki Conjugate is an organic ambient musical group, formed in Nottingham in 1982, now sometimes based in London.

A typical process consists of a preconditioning phase, the actual sterilization run and a period of post-sterilization aeration to remove toxic residues, such as ethylene oxide residues and by-products such ethylene glycol ( formed out of EtO and ambient humidity ) and ethylene chlorohydrine ( formed out of EtO and materials containing chlorine, such as PVC ).

* General Tso ( band ), American ambient metal band formed in the late 1970s.

This exhaust flame may show shock diamonds, which are caused by shock waves formed due to slight differences between ambient pressure and the exhaust pressure.

Ultramarine are a UK-based ambient / ambient house band, formed in the early 1990s by Paul Hammond and Ian Cooper.

The definition of an aerosol is a " mixture of gas and liquid particles ," and the best example of a naturally occurring aerosol is mist, formed when small vaporized water particles mixed with hot ambient air are cooled down and condense into a fine cloud of visible airborne water droplets.

Another Nokturnal Mortum side project done by Varggoth is Mistigo Varggoth Darkestra, an ambient / black metal project formed in 1994.

Elend was a dark ambient / neoclassical band formed in France in 1993 by composers and multi-instrumentalists Iskandar Hasnawi of France and Renaud Tschirner of Austria.

Antaeus is a French black metal band formed in 1993 offering eerie ambient and chaotic black metal.

Steve Hillage and Miquette Giraudy, both formerly of Gong, formed System 7 after hearing the likes of The Orb playing Hillage's 1979 ambient record Rainbow Dome Musick.

Dargaard is a neoclassical / ambient band from Austria formed in 1997.

According to Bergeron, most precipitation is formed as a consequence of water evaporating from small supercooled droplets and accreting onto ice crystals, which then fall as snow, or melt and fall as cold rain depending on the ambient air temperature.

Most sedimentary rocks incorporate tiny amounts of iron rich minerals, whose orientation is influenced by the ambient magnetic field at the time at which they formed.

In Slaughter Natives is a Swedish industrial, dark ambient act formed by Jouni Havukainen in 1985.