ELISA test for antigen and IgM antibodies gives 88 % sensitivity and 90 % specificity for the presence of the infection.

A major disadvantage of the indirect ELISA is the method of antigen immobilization is not specific ; when serum is used as the source of test antigen, all proteins in the sample may stick to the microtiter plate well, so small concentrations of analyte in serum must compete with other serum proteins when binding to the well surface.

The sandwich or direct ELISA provides a solution to this problem, by using a " capture " antibody specific for the test antigen to pull it out of the serum's molecular mixture.

Because the ELISA can be performed to evaluate either the presence of antigen or the presence of antibody in a sample, it is a useful tool for determining serum antibody concentrations ( such as with the HIV test or West Nile virus ).

The ELISA was the first screening test widely used for HIV because of its high sensitivity.

ELISA results are reported as a number ; the most controversial aspect of this test is determining the " cut-off " point between a positive and a negative result.

If an ELISA test is used for drug screening at workplace, a cut-off concentration, 50 ng / ml, for example, is established, and a sample containing the standard concentration of analyte will be prepared.

Dr Dennis E Bidwell and Alister Voller created the ELISA test to detect various kind of diseases, such as malaria, Chagas disease, and Johne's disease.

pl: ELISA ( test immunoenzymatyczny )

Whereas a previously described LISXP-1 ELISA test had a poor sensitivity ( 55 %), the QLIPS test is both practical, as it requires only a 15 minutes incubation, and has high sensitivity and specificity ( 97 % and 100 %, respectively ).

These methods include the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ), antigen coated dipsticks, and the direct agglutination test ( DAT ).

There is also a urine ELISA test with a 96 % sensitivity and 79 % specificity.

eclampsia – ecorchement – ecouteurism – ecstasy – ectopia testis – ectopic pregnancy – edgeplay-edging – effeminacy – effeminate – efferent ducts – egg donor – ego dystonic – ejaculatio praecox – ejaculation – ejaculatory duct – ejaculatory dysfunction – ejaculatory incompetence – ejaculatory overcontrol – Electra complex – electric shock – electroejaculation – electrolysis – Elf Sternberg – eligibility – eligible bachelor – ELISA – ELISA test – Havelock Ellis – elongated labia – elopement – embryo – embryology – emergency contraception – emetophilia – emotional affair – emotional intimacy – Encyclopedia of Unusual Sex Practices – endocrine gland – endogamy – endometrial cancer – endometrioid tumor – endometriosis – endometrium – endytophilia – enema – enema cocktail – engagement – English vice – enjo kōsai – enkephalin – enlarged prostate – Entamoeba histolytica – entomophilia – enuresis – Eonism – ephebiatrics – ephebophilia – epicene – epididymectomy – epididymis – epididymitis – episioclisia – episiotomy – epispadias – epoophoron – er nai – erectile dysfunction – erection – erogenous zones – Eros – erotic actor – erotic apathy – erotic art – erotic ball – erotic dance – erotic electrostimulation – erotic furniture – erotic humiliation – erotic inertia – erotic lactation – erotic literature – erotic massage – erotic objectification – erotic photography – erotic revulsion – erotic sexual denial – erotic spanking – erotic strangulation – erotic submission – erotic torture – erotic wrestling – erotica – eroticism – eroto-comatose lucidity – erotographomania – erotography – erotolalia – erotomania – erotophobia – erotophonophilia – erotosexual – escort – escort agency – escort prostitution – essayeur – estradiol – estrogen – estrus – The Ethical Slut – ethnic pornography – ethology – etiology – eugenics – eunuch – eunuch's fiddle – Eve principle – evening people – Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex ( But Were Afraid to Ask ) – excitement phase – excretory duct of seminal gland – executions – exemplar – exhibitionism – exhibitionist – exigency theory – exocrine – exogamy – exogenous – exoletus – exophilia – exorcist syndrome – exoticism – expiation – extended family – extended hookup – extended orgasm – external orifice of the uterus – external spermatic fascia – external urethral orifice ( male ) – exteroceptive – extramarital intercourse – extravasate – eyeglasses fetishism –

These can be detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) immunological test, which screens for the presence of β < sub > 2 </ sub > glycoprotein 1 dependent anticardiolipin antibodies ( ACA ).

The general ANA test is usually of two types: indirect immunofluorescence or ELISA.

The antibodies secreted by the different clones are then assayed for their ability to bind to the antigen ( with a test such as ELISA or Antigen Microarray Assay ) or immuno-dot blot.

In the USA, since 1985, all blood donations are screened with an ELISA test for HIV-1 and HIV-2, as well as a nucleic acid test.

If antibodies are detected by an initial test based on the ELISA method, then a second test using the Western blot procedure determines the size of the antigens in the test kit binding to the antibodies.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ), or enzyme immunoassay ( EIA ), was the first screening test commonly employed for HIV.

In an ELISA, a person's serum is diluted 400 times and applied to a plate to which HIV antigens are attached.

Once the proteins are well-separated, they are transferred to a membrane and the procedure continues similar to an ELISA: the person's diluted serum is applied to the membrane and antibodies in the serum may attach to some of the HIV proteins.

Antibody presence in blood serum is often used to determine whether a person has been exposed to a given virus in the past, with tests such as ELISA.

Four FDA-cleared WNV IgM ELISA kits are commercially available from different manufacturers in the U. S., each of these kits is indicated for use on serum to aid in the presumptive laboratory diagnosis of WNV infection in patients with clinical symptoms of meningitis or encephalitis.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or ELISA is a diagnostic method for quantitatively or semi-quantitatively determining protein concentrations from blood plasma, serum or cell / tissue extracts in a multi-well plate format ( usually 96-wells per plate ).

Minimum serum level should be 0. 2 ug / ml ( ELISA )

ELISA tests are available commercially and can detect anti-hepatica antibodies in serum and milk, but new ones, especially intended for use on fecal samples are being developed.

However diagnosis should be confirmed using laboratory tests such as bacterial culture, PCR, agar gel precipitation, ELISA and serum agglutination.

In fact, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ), which uses antibodies, is currently one of the most sensitive tests modern medicine uses to detect various biomolecules.

For cystic echinococcosis, imaging is the main method that is relied on for diagnosis while serology tests ( such as indirect hemogglutination, ELISA ( enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ), immunoblots or latex agglutination ) that use antigens specific for E. granulosus are used to verify the imaging results.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ), is a popular format of a " wet-lab " type analytic biochemistry assay that uses one sub-type of heterogeneous, solid-phase enzyme immunoassay ( EIA ) to detect the presence of a substance, usually an antigen, in a liquid sample or wet sample.

The sample with an unknown amount of antigen is immobilized on a solid support ( usually a polystyrene microtiter plate ) either non-specifically ( via adsorption to the surface ) or specifically ( via capture by another antibody specific to the same antigen, in a " sandwich " ELISA ).

Unlike other spectrophotometric wet lab assay formats where the same reaction well ( e. g. a cuvette ) can be reused after washing, the ELISA plates have the reaction products immunosorbed on the solid phase which is part of the plate, so are not easily reusable.

As a " wet lab " analytic biochemistry assay, ELISA involves detection of an " analyte " ( i. e. the specific substance whose presence is being quantitatively or qualitatively analyzed ) in a liquid sample by a method that continues to use liquid reagents during the " analysis " ( i. e. controlled sequence of biochemical reactions that will generate a signal which can be easily quantified and interpreted as a measure of the amount of analyte in the sample ) that stays liquid and remains inside a reaction chamber or well needed to keep the reactants contained ; It is opposed to " dry lab " that can use dry strips-and even if the sample is liquid ( e. g. a measured small drop ), the final detection step in " dry " analysis involves reading of a dried strip by methods such as reflectometry and does not need a reaction containment chamber to prevent spillover or mixing between samples.

As a heterogenous assay, ELISA separates some component of the analytical reaction mixture by adsorbing certain components onto a solid phase which is physically immobilized.

In ELISA, a liquid sample is added onto a stationary solid phase with special binding properties and is followed by multiple liquid reagents that are sequentially added, incubated and washed followed by some optical change ( e. g. color development by the product of an enzymatic reaction ) in the final liquid in the well from which the quantity of the analyte is measured.

The analyte is also called the ligand because it will specifically bind or ligate to a detection reagent, thus ELISA falls under the bigger category of ligand binding assays.

The ligand-specific binding reagent is " immobilized ", i. e., usually coated and dried onto the transparent bottom and sometimes also side wall of a well ( the stationary " solid phase '/" solid substrate " here as opposed to solid microparticle / beads that can be washed away ), which is usually constructed as a multiple-well plate known as the " ELISA plate ".

In quantitative ELISA, the optical density ( OD ) of the sample is compared to a standard curve, which is typically a serial dilution of a known-concentration solution of the target molecule.

A less-common variant of this technique, a " sandwich " ELISA, is used to detect sample antigen.

A third use of ELISA is through competitive binding.

ELISA and microagglutination tests have also been successfully applied.