In fact, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ), which uses antibodies, is currently one of the most sensitive tests modern medicine uses to detect various biomolecules.

These tests include: detecting complement fixation, indirect hemagglutination, indirect fluorescence assays, radioimmunoassays, and ELISA.

Antibody presence in blood serum is often used to determine whether a person has been exposed to a given virus in the past, with tests such as ELISA.

For cystic echinococcosis, imaging is the main method that is relied on for diagnosis while serology tests ( such as indirect hemogglutination, ELISA ( enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ), immunoblots or latex agglutination ) that use antigens specific for E. granulosus are used to verify the imaging results.

There are a number of diagnostic tests for including: HCV antibody enzyme immunoassay or ELISA, recombinant immunoblot assay, and quantitative HCV RNA polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ).

Blood tests include a complete blood count for eosinophilia, creatine phosphokinase activity, and various immunoassays such as ELISA for larval antigens.

ELISA tests also are used as in in vitro diagnostics in medical laboratories.

However, ELISA testing, related serological tests, and direct electron microscope observation of viruses are more modern methods for detection.

Enterovirus infection is diagnosed mainly via serological tests such as ELISA and from cell culture.

In the 1970s, the discovery of monoclonal antibodies led to the development of the relatively simple and cheap immunoassays, such as agglutination-inhibition-based assays and sandwich ELISA, used in modern home pregnancy tests.

Those patients must take ELISA tests at various intervals after the usual 28 day course of treatment, sometimes extending outside of the conservative window period of 6 months.

The ELISA antibody tests were developed to provide a high level of confidence that donated blood was NOT infected with HIV.

: HIV antibody tests are highly sensitive, meaning they react preferentially with HIV antibodies, but not all positive or inconclusive HIV ELISA tests mean the person is infected by HIV.

Definitive diagnosis of arbovirus infections is typically made in a laboratory by employing some combination of blood tests, particularly immunologic, serologic and / or virologic techniques such as ELISA, complement fixation, polymerase chain reaction, Neutralization test and Hemoagglutination Inhibition test.

ELISA tests can process large numbers of samples at once, so researchers often use it to screen out samples that are likely positive from those that are not when the total number of samples is very large.

Diagnosis of leptospirosis is confirmed with tests such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) and polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ).

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ), PCR, and sequence technology tests have been developed.

A 1993 analysis of the efficacy of ELISA tests to diagnose metagonimiasis implied that simultaneous screening of specific antibodies to several parasite agents are important in serological diagnosis of acute parasitic disease and more research should be done on the efficacy of these methods of diagnosis.

ELISA tests are available commercially and can detect anti-hepatica antibodies in serum and milk, but new ones, especially intended for use on fecal samples are being developed.

Anti-echinococcus antibodies can be detected with serodiagnostic tests e. g. Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ( IFA ) Test, CF ( complement fixation ), ELISA, Western Blot and other methods.

Frequently used serological tests include antibody tests, ELISA and indirect hemaglutination ( IHA ).

Serological tests such as agar gel precipitation and ELISA, for detecting antibodies, are used for monitoring vaccine responses and might be additional information for diagnosis of infection of unvaccinated flocks.

More than 25 human samples have been found positive for RVF by PCR or ELISA.

Unlike other spectrophotometric wet lab assay formats where the same reaction well ( e. g. a cuvette ) can be reused after washing, the ELISA plates have the reaction products immunosorbed on the solid phase which is part of the plate, so are not easily reusable.

In an ELISA test, a person's serum is diluted 400-fold and applied to a plate to which HIV antigens have been attached.

A range of immuno-and ligand-binding assays for the detection and measurement of small molecules such as water-soluble vitamins and chemical contaminants ( drug residues ) such as sulfonamides and Beta-agonists have been developed for use on SPR based sensor systems, often adapted from existing ELISA or other immunological assay.

For example, donors are tested for HIV by ELISA, which shows if they have been exposed to the disease, as well as by nucleic acid methods ( PCR or similar ) to rule out recent infections that the ELISA test might miss.

However, new research developments have identified a recombinant antigen ( BmR1 ) that is both specific and sensitive in the detection of IgG4 antibodies against B. malayi and B. timori in ELISA and immunochromatographic rapid dipstick ( Brugia Rapid ) test.

They emphasize the importance of exploiting the use of natural predators and have identified predators by the use of enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay ( ELISA ).

The analyte is also called the ligand because it will specifically bind or ligate to a detection reagent, thus ELISA falls under the bigger category of ligand binding assays.

The ligand-specific binding reagent is " immobilized ", i. e., usually coated and dried onto the transparent bottom and sometimes also side wall of a well ( the stationary " solid phase '/" solid substrate " here as opposed to solid microparticle / beads that can be washed away ), which is usually constructed as a multiple-well plate known as the " ELISA plate ".

ELISA can also be used in toxicology as a rapid presumptive screen for certain classes of drugs.

There is also a urine ELISA test with a 96 % sensitivity and 79 % specificity.

Histology of tissues will show accumulation of prion in the central nervous system, and immunohistochemical staining and ELISA can also be used to demonstrate the protein.

ELISA or RIA can also be used.

It can also be diagnosed by detection of antigens in blood or urine samples by ELISA or PCR.

Serological testing is most commonly performed with an ELISA or complement fixation, and viral isolation can also be attempted.

Serological testing such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) or the Western blot are also reliable but may not be easily accessible in endemic areas.

Therefore, immunonological methods such ELISA and enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot, also called Western blot, are the most important methods in diagnosis of F. hepatica infection.

The ELISA test, however, detects all circulating antibodies that bind heparin-PF4 complexes, and may also falsely identify antibodies that do not cause HIT.

Anti-desmoglein antibodies can also be detected in a blood sample using the ELISA technique.

* ELBA, or enzyme-linked binding assay ( see also ELISA )

Serological testing can also be performed with an ELISA.

The bacterium can be isolated from various body fluids, and serological testing with an ELISA can also be performed.

The early 1980s also saw the development at USAMRIID of new diagnostic methods for several pathogenic organisms such as ELISA technology and the extensive use of monoclonal antibodies.