The ability of an imaging system to resolve detail is ultimately limited by diffraction.

Thus, the larger the aperture of the lens, and the smaller the wavelength, the finer the resolution of an imaging system.

) using ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging, as well as of developing new types of nanoparticles that make them particularly efficient absorbers while offering little or no concerns about toxicity to the circulation system.

* 2002 – NASA's Mars Odyssey space probe begins to map the surface of Mars using its thermal emission imaging system.

The single lens with its attachments, or the system of lenses and imaging equipment, along with the appropriate lighting equipment, sample stage and support, makes up the basic light microscope.

However, blurring is not caused by random processes, such as light scattering, but can be well defined by the optical properties of the image formation in the microscope imaging system.

This shape is called the point spread function ( PSF ) of the microscope imaging system.

More recently, psychophysiologists have been equally, or potentially more, interested in the central nervous system, exploring cortical brain potentials such as the many types of event-related potentials ( ERPs ), brain waves, and utilizing advanced technology such as functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ), MRI, PET, MEG, and other neuroimagery techniques.

Up until the 1990s, SLR was the most advanced photographic preview system available, but the recent development and refinement of digital imaging technology with an on-camera live LCD preview screen has overshadowed SLR's popularity.

where λ is the wavelength of the waves that are focused for imaging, D the entrance pupil diameter of the imaging system, in the same units, and the angular resolution δ is in radians.

* February 19 – NASA's Mars Odyssey space probe begins to map the surface of Mars using its thermal emission imaging system.

# Visual Imaging System – at the lower orbit of Mariner 9, half that of Mariner 6 and Mariner 7 flyby missions, and a vastly improved imaging system, Mariner 9 achieved a resolution of per pixel, whereas previous Martian probes had achieved only approximately per pixel.

If the position of the imaging system is altered, the pattern will gradually change and will eventually be unrelated to the original speckle pattern.

Since the last American VistaVision picture, One-Eyed Jacks in 1961, the format has not been used as a primary imaging system for American feature films.

A fluoroscopic x-ray imaging system or an ultrasound imaging system is used to locate the stone and aim the treatment.

The small gondola would have navigational and control electronics, along with a stereo imaging system, as well as a spectrometer and magnetometer.

The payload would include sophisticated equipment, such as an ultrahigh resolution stereo imager, along with oblique imaging capabilities ; a radar sounder to search for subsurface water ; an infrared spectroscopy system to search for important minerals ; a magnetometer ; and weather and atmospheric instruments.

Starkweather disabled the imaging system and created a spinning drum with 8 mirrored sides, with a laser focused on the drum.

As a tribute to the impact of this system on medical imaging the Mayo Clinic has an EMI scanner on display in the Radiology Department.

Diagnosis occurs through a patient history, head and neck examination, X-rays to rule out bone fractures and may involve the use of medical imaging to determine if there are other injuries.

Foreshortening also occurs when imaging rugged terrain using a synthetic aperture radar system.

Brain imaging studies typically show a great deal of activity in an area of the temporal lobe known as the fusiform gyrus, an area also known to cause prosopagnosia when damaged ( particularly when damage occurs on both sides ).

A functional magnetic resonance imaging study demonstrated that brodmann area 8 activation occurs when test subjects experience uncertainty, and that with increasing uncertainty there is increasing activation.

If restenosis occurs after a procedure, follow-up imaging is not the only way to initially detect compromised blood flow.

Observations of the solar atmosphere are done using remote imaging ; consequently, the magnetic fields are inferred or extrapolated rather than observed directly and the resolved length scales are much larger than the length scales on which reconnection occurs.

Ignatov found that image quality on film was much higher than when corona discharges were recorded with digital imaging techniques.

Quantum dots ( nanoparticles with quantum confinement properties, such as size-tunable light emission ), when used in conjunction with MRI ( magnetic resonance imaging ), can produce exceptional images of tumor sites.

* Angiography or Magnetic resonance imaging angiography when the blood vessels might be affected

PTs use an individual's history and physical examination to arrive at a diagnosis and establish a management plan and, when necessary, incorporate the results of laboratory and imaging studies.

Nonconductive specimens tend to charge when scanned by the electron beam, and especially in secondary electron imaging mode, this causes scanning faults and other image artifacts.

Embedding in a resin with further polishing to a mirror-like finish can be used for both biological and materials specimens when imaging in backscattered electrons or when doing quantitative X-ray microanalysis.

The technology is relatively inexpensive and portable, especially when compared with other techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) and computed tomography ( CT ).

In addition, stroboscopic imaging is only useful when the vocal fold vibratory pattern is closely periodic.

Vega became the first solitary main-sequence star beyond the Sun known to be an X-ray emitter when in 1979 it was observed from an imaging X-ray telescope launched on an Aerobee 350 from the White Sands Missile Range.

Andy Laws, a former military imaging analyst for the Royal Air Force, says the fact that bin Laden appears fatter in the 2001 tape is down to the editing process, when subtitles were added and the image was squashed.

The speckle effect is observed when radio waves are scattered from rough surfaces such as ground or sea, and can also be found in ultrasonic imaging.

This, when combined with drumlin formation identified through imaging beneath the West Antarctica ice, resulted in a significant step in geomorphologic understanding.

Brain imaging shows that people have more active hippocampi when correctly navigating, as tested in a computer-simulated " virtual " navigation task.

Moiré patterns are often an undesired artifact of images produced by various digital imaging and computer graphics techniques, for example when scanning a halftone picture or ray tracing a checkered plane ( the latter being a special case of aliasing, due to undersampling a fine regular pattern ).

However, magnetic resonance imaging has shown that when a person is undergoing an MS " attack ," the blood – brain barrier has broken down in a section of the brain or spinal cord, allowing white blood cells called T lymphocytes to cross over and attack the myelin.

The 200 mm lens's 4 opening is larger than that of the 100 mm lens but, given the same light transmission efficiency, both will produce the same illuminance in the focal plane when imaging an object of a given luminance.

In optics, a circle of confusion is an optical spot caused by a cone of light rays from a lens not coming to a perfect focus when imaging a point source.

Since other methods are safer, quicker, and cheaper, this method is now rarely used ; however, an advantage of this approach is the sensitivity of auto-radiography based imaging, which enables highly accurate protein quantification when combined with optical software ( e. g. Optiquant ).

The purpose of this test is to measure the horizontal and vertical FOV of a lens and sensor used in an imaging system, when the lens focal length or sensor size is not known ( that is, when the calculation above is not immediately applicable ).

In his last days, he was reminded of his greatest achievement in a poignant fashion when his physicians examined him using magnetic resonance imaging, a technology that had been developed from his ground-breaking research on magnetic resonance.

Surveillance of medical devices and evaluation of clinical protocols to ensure the ongoing protection of patients, volunteers in biomedical research, carers, comforters and persons subjected to non-medical imaging exposures from the deleterious effects of physical agents in accordance with the latest published evidence or own research when the available evidence is not sufficient.

Surveillance of medical devices and evaluation of clinical protocols with respect to protection of workers and public when impacting the exposure of patients, volunteers in biomedical research, carers, comforters and persons subjected to non-medical imaging exposures or responsibility with respect to own safety.