Several free and open source animation software applications exist as well.

MNG, a variant of PNG that supports animation, reached version 1. 0 in 2001, but few applications support it.

One of the first applications of key frame animation was the award-wining 1974 animated short film, Hunger.

Like all thin clients, when using X across a network, bandwidth limitations can impede the use of bitmap-intensive applications that require rapidly updating large portions of the screen with low latency, such as 3D animation or photo editing.

Furthermore many CAD applications now offer advanced rendering and animation capabilities so engineers can better visualize their product designs.

Some artificially intelligent computer applications utilize emergent behavior for animation.

Real-time applications need to respond immediately to user input, and generally need to produce frame rates of at least 24 frames per second to achieve smooth animation.

As the result of a 3D scanning process point clouds are used for many purposes, including to create 3D CAD models for manufactured parts, metrology / quality inspection, and a multitude of visualization, animation, rendering and mass customization applications.

Although the initial major application was for sunglasses and scientific work, it quickly found many additional applications: for color animation in the Wurlitzer 850 Peacock jukebox of 1942, for glasses in full-color stereoscopic ( 3-D ) movies, to control brightness of light through a window, a necessary component of all LCDs, and many more.

There are several applications, most of them being open source software, which natively parse and interpret X3D files, including the 3D graphics and animation editor Blender and the Sun Microsystems virtual world client Project Wonderland.

Computer camps teach courses in a wide range of subjects such as hardware, networking, programming, game design, image manipulation, video production, web design, robotics, A + and Network + certification preparation, and software applications including office and productivity suites, HTML and web editors, video editors, and 3D and 2D animation and graphics programs.

In entertainment applications this can reduce the costs of keyframe-based animation.

Still, Wings is often used in combination with other software, whereby models made in Wings are exported to applications more specialized in rendering and animation such as Blender.

The engine features support for a variety of applications and technologies, including physics, artificial intelligence, animation, and others.

The Institute ’ s production spectrum ranges from digital video and 3D animation to interactive installations and environments, from software systems through to the real-time generation of natural and architectonic environments and audio-visual applications for performance contexts.

Nemeaux is being used primarily for research in computational arts applications ( animation rendering, visualization, distributed audio ), as well as for a " test-bed " for the Cactus Framework and Xgrid.

Due to the limitations described above HAM was mainly used for display of static images and developers largely avoided its use with games or applications requiring animation.

On-going computer science research on character animation deals with the question of generating multi-layer level of detail at run-time to allow large crowd rendering in real time applications.

KPO services include all kinds of research and information gathering, e. g. intellectual property research for patent applications ; equity research, business and market research, legal and medical services ; training, consultancy, and research and development in fields such as pharmaceuticals and biotechnology ; and animation and design.

However, since no equipment existed to show the images in motion, such a series of images cannot be called animation in a true sense of the word .< ref >

Bézier curves are also used in the time domain, particularly in animation and interface design, e. g., a Bézier curve can be used to specify the velocity over time of an object such as an icon moving from A to B, rather than simply moving at a fixed number of pixels per step.

Sometimes the target of the animation is the computer itself, but sometimes the target is another medium, such as film.

Computer animation helped make blockbuster films such as Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) ( Disney / Pixar ), Avatar ( 2009 ), Shrek 2 ( 2004 ) ( DreamWorks Animation ), and Cars 2 ( 2011 ) ( Disney / Pixar ).

Jones was not a fan of much contemporary animation, terming most of it, especially television cartoons such as those of Hanna-Barbera, " illustrated radio ".

Many of his principles, therefore, found their way back into the mainstream animation consciousness, and can be seen in films such as The Emperor's New Groove and Lilo & Stitch.

Meanwhile, Lynch embraced the internet as a medium, producing several web-based shows, such as the animation Dumbland ( 2002 ) and the surreal sitcom Rabbits ( 2002 ).

* At the TUG 2010 Conference, Knuth announced an XML-based successor to TeX, titled " iTeX " (, with a bell ringing ), which would support features such as arbitrarily scaled irrational units, 3D printing, animation, and stereophonic sound.

For animation such as computer-generated imagery or animated cartoons, dialogue is recorded to a pre-edited version of the show.

Carpenter wanted hi-tech computer graphics which were very expensive at the time, even for such a simple animation.

The relative sophistication of this piece was not followed up for some time, with subsequent works in animation being limited to short, two or three frame effects, such as appeared in Edwin Porter's 1902 short " Fun in a Bakery Shop ", where a lump of dough was made to smile over the course of a three-frame sequence.

Some fantasy-type films might also include quasi-religious or supernatural characters such as angels, lesser gods, fairies or in the case of live action / animation hybrids cartoon characters.

Mary Shelley's novel, though clearly influenced by the Gothic tradition, is often considered the first science fiction novel, despite the omission in the novel of any scientific explanation of the monster's animation and the focus instead on the moral issues and consequences of such a creation.

is a Japanese word that, in the West, is used when referring to sexually explicit or pornographic comics and animation, particularly those of Japanese origin such as anime, manga, and eroge.

He moved to the feature film department as an assistant director when the company closed its animation department, working under such luminaries as Yutaka Abe and Nobuo Aoyagi.

Contrary to tweening, every frame of a keyframed computer animation is directly modified or manipulated by the creator, such that no tweening has actually occurred.

In other 3-D animation methods, creators can control every frame and nuance of their characters but, in turn, must consider issues such as key frames and inbetweening.

* MPEG-4 enables different software and hardware developers to create multimedia objects possessing better abilities of adaptability and flexibility to improve the quality of such services and technologies as digital television, animation graphics, the World Wide Web and their extensions.

Martians, other than human beings transplanted to Mars, became rare in fiction after Mariner, except in exercises of deliberate nostalgia – more frequently in some genres, such as comics and animation, than in written literature.

While no technical advances were required to achieve it, some games over 100 megabits, such as Top Hunter, followed this screen by displaying an animation proclaiming " THE 100MEGA SHOCK !".

Python has been successfully embedded in a number of software products as a scripting language, including in finite element method software such as Abaqus, 3D animation packages such as Blender, Cinema 4D, Lightwave, Houdini, Maya, modo, MotionBuilder, Softimage, the visual effects compositor Nuke, and 2D imaging programs like GIMP, Inkscape, Scribus and Paint Shop Pro.

In the 1970s and 1980s, Industrial Light & Magic often used stop motion model animation for films such as the original Star Wars trilogy: the chess sequence in Star Wars, the Tauntauns and AT-AT walkers in The Empire Strikes Back, and the AT-ST walkers in Return of the Jedi were all stop motion animation, some of it using the Go films.