Stylized diagram showing action of the puborectalis sling, and the formation of the anorectal angle.

A-puborectalis, B-rectum, C-level of anorectal ring and anorectal angle, D-anal canal, E-anal verge, F-representation of internal and external anal sphincters, G-coccyx & sacrum, H-pubic symphysis, I-Ischium, J-pubic bone.

The point at which the rectum joins the anal canal is known as the anorectal ring, which is at the level that the puborectalis muscle loops around the bowel from in front, where the puborectalis attaches to the pubic bone.

This arrangement means that when puborectalis is contracted, it pulls the junciton of the rectum and the anal canal forwards, creating an angle in the bowel called the anorectal angle.

Some believe the anorectal angle is one of the most important contributors to continence.

causing the anorectal angle to straighten out.

A squatting posture is also known to straighten the anorectal angle, meaning that less effort is required to defecate when in this position.

The anal canal can be defined functionally as the distance between the anorectal ring and the end of the internal anal sphincter.

**() Anorectal fistula: connecting the rectum or other anorectal area to the skin surface.

They may instead develop proctitis, inflammation limited to the rectum ( the distal 10 – 12 cm ) that may be associated with anorectal pain, tenesmus, and rectal discharge, or proctocolitis, inflammation of the colonic mucosa extending to 12 cm above the anus and associated with symptoms of proctitis plus diarrhea or abdominal cramps.

The white papers established the efficacy of biofeedback for functional anorectal disorders, attention deficit disorder, facial pain and temporomandibular disorder, hypertension, urinary incontinence, Raynaud's phenomenon, substance abuse, and headache.

Outlet obstruction is a sub-type of large bowel obstruction and refers to conditions affecting the anorectal region that obstruct defecation, specifically conditions of the pelvic floor and anal sphincters.

A person with an anorectal problem would have some sort of deformative feature of the anus or rectum, collectively known as an anorectal malformation.

The right and left puborectalis unite behind the anorectal junction to form a muscular sling.

* Portacaval anastomoses: Esophageal varices, gastric varices, anorectal varices ( not to be confused with hemorrhoids ), and caput medusae.

In humans it is approximately 2. 5 to 4 cm long, extending from the anorectal junction to the anus.

Symptoms are ineffectual straining to empty the bowels, diarrhea, rectal bleeding and possible discharge, a feeling of not having adequately emptied the bowels, involuntary spasms and cramping during bowel movements, left-sided abdominal pain, passage of mucus through the rectum, and anorectal pain.

An imperforate anus or anorectal malformations ( ARMs ) are birth defects in which the rectum is malformed.

There are several forms of imperforate anus and anorectal malformations. The new classification is in relation of the type of associated fistula.

When an infant is born with an anorectal malformation, it is usually detected quickly as it is a very obvious defect.

The location of the primary lesion may be suggested by the location of the abscess: infections of the middle ear result in lesions in the middle and posterior cranial fossae ; congenital heart disease with right-to-left shunts often result in abscesses in the distribution of the middle cerebral artery ; and infection of the frontal and ethmoid sinuses usually results in collection in the subdural sinuses.

Although meningitis has been described secondary to ruptured brain abscesses, primary meningitis has not been described.

It was once fatal before the CT era, now, if the abscess is treated before the person goes into a coma, then the death rate has been estimated from 5 % to 20 % although it is greater in cases of multiple abscesses, when raised intracranial pressure is observed and depending on the level of neurological dysfunction on presentation.

*; Brilliant Green: A triarylmethane dye still widely used as 1 % ethanol solution in Eastern Europe and ex-USSR countries for treatment of small wounds and abscesses.

In one series of 214 patients, 27. 6 % had abscesses in the liver or spleen ( 95 % confidence interval, 22. 0 % to 33. 9 %).

Conversely, prostatic abscesses are found in up to 20 % of Australian males but are rarely described elsewhere.

Recurrent abscesses are often caused by community-acquired MRSA.

There is also a legend which states that in 1086 Władysław was affected by a terrible pox, with abscesses that affected his nose and face.

Common ailments in domestic guinea pigs include respiratory tract infections, diarrhea, scurvy ( vitamin C deficiency, typically characterized by sluggishness ), abscesses due to infection ( often in the neck, due to hay embedded in the throat, or from external scratches ), and infections by lice, mites, or fungus.

A brain or cerebral abscess, like other abscesses is caused by inflammation and collection of lymphatic cells and infected material originating from a local or remote infection.

S. aureus was first identified in Aberdeen, Scotland ( 1880 ) by the surgeon Sir Alexander Ogston in pus from surgical abscesses.

However, he died in hospital in Salisbury, Wiltshire, on 4 January 1986, aged 36, having suffered from internal abscesses, pneumonia and septicaemia, brought on by his drug dependency, which led to multiple organ failure.

It has generally been assumed by some scholars that Amenhotep requested and received from his father-in-law Tushratta of Mitanni, a statue of Ishtar of Nineveh -- a healing goddess — in order to cure him of his various ailments which included painful abscesses in his teeth.

Treatment involves antibiotics and may involve drainage of the buboes or abscesses by needle aspiration or incision.

The location of abscesses caused by aspiration depends on the position one is in.

In Australia, an alternative therapy salon is being investigated by the Health Department after several clients developed skin abscesses on the calves, buttocks, thighs, abdomen, shoulders, face and neck from the treatment, with one patient also developing a mycobacterial infection.

Soft tissue disease due to NTM infection include post-traumatic abscesses ( caused by rapid growers ), swimming pool granuloma ( caused by M. marinum ) and Buruli ulcer ( caused by M. ulcerans or M. shinshuense ).

In rare cases, these bacteria can cause actinomycosis, a disease characterized by the formation of abscesses in the mouth, lungs, or the gastrointestinal tract.

Used traditionally by herbalists as a folk remedy for a wide variety of maladies and conditions, including dermatitis, abscesses, eczema, psoriasis, sores, warts, corns, ringworm, scabies, herpes, skin cancer, asthma, dysmenorrheal, epilepsy, malaria, abortifacients, emetics, heart tonics, and tumors.

The disease is characterized by the formation of painful abscesses in the mouth, lungs, or gastrointestinal tract.

This was doubtless due partly to his living in the pre-anaesthetics period, and partly to his own consummate anatomical knowledge, as is indicated by the method for opening deep abscesses which is known by his name.

Hot tub folliculitis is a troublesome skin rash, caused by a bacterial infection of the hair follicles, that can result in pimple-like eruptions and abscesses, arising from inadequately sanitized spa water and bacterial proliferation.