Thus, an analog signal is one represented by a continuous stream of data, in this case along an electrical circuit in the form of voltage, current or charge changes ( compare with digital signals below ).

The bilinear transform is a special case of a conformal mapping ( namely, the Möbius transformation ), often used to convert a transfer function of a linear, time-invariant ( LTI ) filter in the continuous-time domain ( often called an analog filter ) to a transfer function of a linear, shift-invariant filter in the discrete-time domain ( often called a digital filter although there are analog filters constructed with switched capacitors that are discrete-time filters ).

Signals can be either analog, in which case the signal varies continuously according to the information, or digital, in which case the signal varies according to a series of discrete values representing the information.

The case was used by several academics in discussing such rights in the digital age.

Without this capacity, which is often the case in practice, to produce a representation with lower resolution or lower fidelity than a given one, one needs to start with the original source signal and encode, or start with a compressed representation and then decompress and re-encode it ( transcoding ), though the latter tends to cause digital generation loss.

This is the case for both physical film and digital cinema systems.

In the digital QAM case, a finite number of at least two phases and at least two amplitudes are used.

The signals are usually processed in a digital representation, so speech processing can be regarded as a special case of digital signal processing, applied to speech signal.

Most mobile phones have a Firmware Over The Air firmware upgrade capability for much the same reasons ; some may even be upgraded to enhance reception or sound quality, illustrating the fact that firmware is used at more than one level in complex products ( in a CPU-like microcontroller versus in a digital signal processor, in this particular case ).

Quality criteria for such circuits may include equalization for amplitude over a specified band of frequencies, or in the case of digital data transported via analogue circuits, may include equalization for phase.

Moiré patterns are often an undesired artifact of images produced by various digital imaging and computer graphics techniques, for example when scanning a halftone picture or ray tracing a checkered plane ( the latter being a special case of aliasing, due to undersampling a fine regular pattern ).

For a variety of reasons ( including Mauchly's June 1941 examination of the Atanasoff – Berry Computer, prototyped in 1939 by John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry ), US patent 3, 120, 606 for ENIAC, granted in 1964, was voided by the 1973 decision of the landmark federal court case Honeywell v. Sperry Rand, putting the invention of the electronic digital computer in the public domain and providing legal recognition to Atanasoff as the inventor of the first electronic digital computer.

The analogue soundtrack provides a fall-back option in case of damage to the digital data or failure of the digital decoding, it also provides compatibility with projectors not equipped with digital soundheads.

Most CCTV systems record and store digital video and images to a Digital Video Recorder or in the case of IP cameras directly to a server, either on-site or offsite.

Atansoff invented the first digital computer in the world during the 1930s in the Iowa State College, but it took a lengthy court battle for achieving legal patent to 1973 when the case of Honeywell v. Sperry Rand was solved and the verdict named Atansoff with the title the inventor of the computer, the decision was never appealed, thus giving him the legal right to be called as such in the United States.

This is the case for earlier analogue trunks, MF and R2 digital trunks, and DSS1 / DASS PBX trunks.

Also, should the receiver lose power, even for a few milliseconds, or get ' swamped ' by 2. 4 GHz interference, it can take a few seconds for the receiver-which, in the case of 2. 4 GHz, is almost invariably a digital device-to re-sync.

In the case of 406 MHz beacons which transmit digital signals, the beacons can be uniquely identified almost instantly ( via GEOSAR ), and furthermore a GPS or GLONASS position can be encoded into the signal, which provides instantaneous identification of the registered user and its location.

Residents then had to dial " 8 " to reach Atlanta, which remained the case until digital equipment was installed in 1988

However, to make a working computer, users still had to add a case, power supply transformers, power switch, ASCII keyboard, and composite video display.

All units ran much faster than the original TRS-80, at 4 MHz, ( with a software selectable throttle to the original speed for compatibility purposes ) and the display supported upper and lower case, hardware snow suppression ( video ram bus arbitration logic ), and an improved character font set.

Also in case of Single Instructions Multiple Data — a case when a lot of data from the same type has to be processed, modern processors can disable parts of the pipeline so that when a single instruction is executed many times, the CPU skips the fetch and decode phases and thus greatly increases performance on certain occasions, especially in highly monotonous program engines such as video creation software and photo processing.

On two-dimensional display devices such as computer monitors the display size or viewable image size is the actual amount of screen space that is available to display a picture, video or working space, without obstruction from the case or other aspects of the unit's design.

Many other director's cut music videos contain sexual content that can't be shown on TV thus creating alternative scenes, such as 30 Seconds to Mars's Hurricane, and in some cases, alternative videos, such as in the case of Spears ' 2008 video for Womanizer.

This made it easier to either correct or enhance the video signal, as in the case of a TBC, or to manipulate and add effects to the video, in the case of a DVE unit.

In the case of compressed video each frame requires a small percentage of the original bits.

So in the case of compressed video the formula for bit rate is:

In fact the same formula is valid for uncompressed video because in that case one can assume that the " compression " factor is 1 and that the average bits per pixel equal the color depth.

In the case of uncompressed video, bit rate corresponds directly to the quality of the video ( remember that bit rate is proportional to every property that affects the video quality ).

In this case we also get video output with a constant bit rate ( CBR ).

The audience may have a passive role, as in the case of persons watching a play or opera, a television show or a movie, or active, as in the case of a video game.

In 2011, Horatio Valens and Paul Veneti presented a two-hour " Lazeria Map Collection " video on centuries-old maps of the Arctic region and the North Pole, making a case for a 100-mile wide canyon in the center of the physical North Pole, into which north-flowing rivers drain into a hollow Earth.

An infamous case was the 1992 trial in the Rodney King case in California, in which white police officers were acquitted of excessive force in the violent beating of a black man by a jury consisting mostly of whites without any black jurors, with a video tape showing King continuing to try to get up despite the beating.

It was cleanly programmed and relatively bug-free, as well as speed gained from being written completely in x86 assembly language ( this remained the case for all versions until 4. 0 when Lotus switched to C ) and wrote directly to video memory rather than use the slow DOS and / or BIOS text output functions.

In this case, the contrast appears largely to be conveyed with a difference in the voice onset time of the initial consonant as the configuration of the mouth is the same for and ; however, there is also a possible difference in duration, which visual analysis using high quality video supports.

In the typical case, there is one media stream each for audio and video.

The outside signal ( in this case, adrenaline ) binds to a receptor, which transmits a signal to the G protein, which transmits a signal to adenylate cyclase, which transmits a signal by converting adenosine triphosphate to cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( cAMP ).

In case of a low-pass filter or baseband signal, the bandwidth is equal to its upper cutoff frequency.

In the case of an optimal system the signal is proportional to the concentration of the specific analyte separated.

In the case of IS-95 64 bit Walsh codes are used to encode the signal to separate different users.

In the minimum case, latency is 0 zero samples ( e. g., if the coder / decoder simply reduces the number of bits used to quantize the signal ).

Polling ( often called scanning in this case ) is done by activating each x line in sequence and detecting which y lines then have a signal, thus which keys are pressed.

Despite its rare use, Italian orthography allows the circumflex accent ( î ) too, in two cases: it can be found in old literary context ( roughly up to 19th century ) to signal a syncope ( fêro → fecero, they did ), or in modern Italian to signal the contraction of ″- ii ″ due to the plural ending-i whereas the root ends with another-i ; e. g., s. demonio, p. demonii → demonî ; in this case the circumflex also signals that the word intended is not demoni, plural of " demone " by shifting the accent ( demònî, " devils "; dèmoni, " demons ").

By contrast, the EM far-field is composed of radiation that is free of the transmitter in the sense that ( unlike the case in an electrical transformer ) the transmitter requires the same power to send these changes in the fields out, whether the signal is immediately picked up, or not.

However, superluminal communication is not possible in this case, since the signal velocity remains less than the speed of light.

Cellular recipients of a particular hormonal signal may be one of several cell types that reside within a number of different tissues, as is the case for insulin, which triggers a diverse range of systemic physiological effects.

In the case of PSK, ASK or QAM, where the carrier frequency of the modulated signal is constant, the modulation alphabet is often conveniently represented on a constellation diagram, showing the amplitude of the I signal at the x-axis, and the amplitude of the Q signal at the y-axis, for each symbol.