Image: BreastCancer. jpg | Mastectomy specimen containing a very large cancer of the breast ( in this case, an invasive ductal carcinoma )

Image: Breast cancer gross appearance. jpg | Typical macroscopic ( gross examination ) appearance of the cut surface of a mastectomy specimen containing a cancer, in this case, an invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, pale area at the center

In the case of developed lands juxtaposed to wild lands, problems with invasive exotics often result.

As invasive prenatal testing incurs some risk to the fetus ( 18. 5 pregnancy losses per toxoplasmosis case prevented ), postnatal or neonatal screening is preferred.

Although many ant species exhibit unicoloniality, the supercolonies reach new heights in the case of invasive species in their introduced environment.

In the case of Barn Island, declines in the invasive species have initiated, re-establishing the tidal-marsh vegetation along with animal species such as fish and insects.

The Ancient Romans gave Latin names to every geographical entity in their vast empire, and many outside throughout the then known world ; while many of these names were based on pre-existing ' autochthonous ' names, sometimes translating, more often just adapting to their tongue, especially the ending, other names were the result of a more invasive decision, especially in case of ( re ) founding for a colony of veterans.

In the case of invasive species, perceived cuteness may help thwart efforts to eradicate non-native intruders, such as the white fallow deer in Point Reyes, California.

The anatomic methods directly measure some aspects of the actual process of atherosclerosis itself and therefore offer the possibility of early diagnosis, but are often more expensive and may be invasive ( in the case of IVUS, for example ).

It was reported on 17 January 2007 that the Takaka river is one of a growing number of South Island rivers to have a confirmed case of the invasive river weed didymo.

As is the case with this British Columbia farm, a majority of salmon farms are located in waters where Atlantic salmon is not native and risk becoming an invasive species upon release or escape.

A few things that could be done to limit human impact in the case of an emergency would be increased habitat creation, fishing limits or complete halt of harvest, and decrease competitive invasive species that may be out competing the sunfish species.

As major abdominal surgery, hysterotomy is performed under general anaesthesia, and is only used in rare situations where less invasive procedures have failed or are medically inadvisable ( such as in the case of placenta accreta ).

In 1993, the CDC added pulmonary tuberculosis, recurrent pneumonia, and invasive cervical cancer to the list of clinical conditions in the AIDS surveillance case definition published in 1987 and expanded the AIDS surveillance case definition to include all HIV-infected persons with CD4 + T-lymphocyte counts of less than 200 cells / uL or a CD4 + percentage of less than 14.

In 1993, the CDC added pulmonary tuberculosis, recurrent pneumonia, and invasive cervical cancer to the list of clinical conditions in the AIDS surveillance case definition published in 1987 and expanded the AIDS surveillance case definition to include all HIV-infected persons with CD4 + T-lymphocyte counts of less than 200 cells / uL or a CD4 + percentage of less than 14.

In the case of robotically assisted minimally invasive surgery, instead of directly moving the instruments, the surgeon uses one of two methods to control the instruments ; either a direct telemanipulator or by computer control.

In embryonal development, both lung and swim bladder originate as an outpocketing from the gut ; in the case of swim bladders, this connection to the gut continues to exist as the pneumatic duct in the more " primitive " ray-finned fish, and is lost in some of the more derived teleost orders.

Many riders will carry a backpack, including a water bladder, containing all the essential tools and equipment for trailside repairs, and many riders also carry emergency supplies in the case of injury miles from outside help.

In a case study, 22 % of patients who were experiencing a bladder obstruction were also suffering from dysgeusia.

In the case of permanent ( seed ) brachytherapy for prostate cancer, there is a small chance that some seeds may migrate out of the treatment region into the bladder or urethra and be passed in the urine.

Though he plans to depart for Massachusetts, Daniel's case of bladder stones increasingly worsens during this period.

In the case of some bladder exstrophy patients, occasional bowel incontinence ( in this case, a mixture of urine and feces similar to diarrhea ) at night is one uncontrollable consequence.

This data came from 408 patients ' case histories, with a wide variety of cancers, including skin, mammary gland, mucous membrane of the oral cavity, tongue, lower lip, larynx, lung, esophagus, stomach, urinary bladder, and rectum.

Also, the affected part of the colon could adhere to the bladder or other organ in the pelvic cavity, causing a fistula, or abnormal connection between an organ and adjacent structure or organ, in this case the colon and an adjacent organ.

In case of obstruction, the gall bladder is usually enlarged and edematous with thickening of the wall.

In that case, a cysticercus ( a larva sometimes called a " bladder worm ") develops in the human and the human acts like an intermediate host.

In late 1927, in a case in Marlborough, England, a Dr. Gorsky, Police Surgeon, asked a suspect to inflate a football bladder with his breath.

In 1828, one of his accounts of medical negligence led to a libel case, Cooper v Wakley, where Wakley accused Bransby Cooper, the nephew of the General Surgeon of incompetence in causing a patient immense suffering as he attempted to extract a bladder stone through a cut beneath the scrotum.

A urostomy is made to avail for urinary diversion in cases where drainage of urine through the bladder and urethra is not possible, e. g. after extensive surgery or in case of obstruction.

In the case of metastatic breast cancer, a Cochrane Review published in 2008 maintained that the current body of evidence is not sufficient to rule out the possibility that psychological interventions may cause harm to women with this advanced neoplasm.

In other cases, the proposed treatment for cancer is already in use for some other medical condition, in which case more is known about its safety and potential efficacy.

After Williams died of cancer, Milken's handlers hired various other attorneys and his case became more difficult.

This term is borrowed from cancer research stating that both copies of the gene present in the genome have to be " silenced " before cancer manifests itself ( in Knudson's case the silenced gene was Rb1 ).

Traditionally, in the case of breast cancer, the whole breast was removed.

Tortora was detained for years before being cleared ; he developed cancer and died soon after the case was finally solved, some say because of the emotional stress of his imprisonment.

Journalists had investigated his case and publicized the state's mistreatment of his colon cancer.

In every case, the result is a hyper-active kinase, that confers an aberrant, ligand-independent, non-regulated growth stimulus to the cancer cells.

In the case of non-small cell lung cancer, these tumors are cancerous and dangerous to the health of a human being.

In this conversation, Dean summarized many aspects of the Watergate case, and focused on the subsequent coverup, describing it as a " cancer on the presidency.

Other, more complex relationships have been observed as a consequence of mutated AR ; some mutations associated with male phenotypes have been linked to male breast cancer, prostate cancer, or in the case of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, disease of the central nervous system.

When hospitalized for lip cancer in 1950, he was admitted as a charity case.

Other choices for managing care are case management, in which patients with catastrophic cases are identified, or disease management, in which patients with certain chronic diseases like diabetes, asthma, or some forms of cancer are identified.

In the case of cancer, it can aid in sub-classifying tumours.

In one case, the gene TYR, which makes the melanocyte more susceptible to the immune system in vitiligo, also makes the melanocyte more susceptible to the immune system in the skin cancer malignant melanoma.

If the genitals become diseased, as in the case of cancer, sometimes the diseased areas are surgically removed.

Either surgical removal of both testicles or chemical castration may be carried out in the case of prostate cancer.

In the case of pets, castration is usually called neutering, and is encouraged to prevent overpopulation of the community by unwanted animals, and to reduce certain diseases such as prostate disease and testicular cancer in male dogs ( oophorectomy in female pets is often called spaying ).

Pertaining to the latter, he commented that in the case of advanced cases of cancer and leprosy the physician should not be blamed when he could not cure them.

The Kemeny Commission Report concluded that " there will either be no case of cancer or the number of cases will be so small that it will never be possible to detect them.