Stress from water or predation affects ABA production and catabolism rates, mediating another cascade of effects that trigger specific responses from targeted cells.

Through catabolism of sugars, fats, and proteins, a two carbon organic product acetate in the form of acetyl-CoA is produced.

When glycogen is nearly depleted, the body begins lipolysis, the mobilization and catabolism of fat stores for energy.

MAO-A is particularly important in the catabolism of monoamines ingested in food.

Metabolism is the sum total of anabolism and catabolism.

Other experimental methods being researched involve substrate reduction therapy, which attempts to use alternative enzymes to increase the brain's catabolism of GM2 gangliosides to a point where residual degradative activity is sufficient to prevent substrate accumulation.

A protease ( also termed peptidase or proteinase ) is any enzyme that conducts proteolysis, that is, begins protein catabolism by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds that link amino acids together in the polypeptide chain forming the protein.

Phosphorylation of sugars is often the first stage of their catabolism.

Cells form glucose-1-phosphate instead of glucose during glycogen breakdown because the polar, phosphorylated glucose cannot leave the cell membrane and so is marked for intracellular catabolism.

Digestion is a form of catabolism: a breakdown of large food molecules to smaller ones.

Protein catabolism is the breakdown of proteins into amino acids and simple derivative compounds, for transport into the cell through the plasma membrane and ultimately for the polymerisation into new proteins via the use of ribonucleic acids ( RNA ) and ribosomes.

Protein catabolism, which is the breakdown of macromolecules, is essentially a digestion process.

Protein catabolism is most commonly carried out by non-specific endo-and exo-proteases.

Anabolism is powered by catabolism, where large molecules are broken down into smaller parts and then used up in respiration.

The balance between anabolism and catabolism is also regulated by circadian rhythms, with processes such as glucose metabolism fluctuating to match an animal's normal periods of activity throughout the day.

Carbohydrate catabolism is the breakdown of carbohydrates into smaller units.

* Lipid catabolism is decreased due to lower levels of lipoprotein lipase, the main enzyme involved in lipoprotein breakdown.

Mercury irreversibly inhibits selenium-dependent enzymes ( see below ) and may also inactivate S-adenosyl-methionine, which is necessary for catecholamine catabolism by catechol-o-methyl transferase.

* Ammonia is produced by exercised skeletal muscles from ADP ( the precursor of ATP ) by purine nucleotide deamination and amino acid catabolism of myofibrils.

Renal acidosis is associated with an accumulation of urea and creatinine as well as metabolic acid residues of protein catabolism.

The term amphibolic is used to describe a biochemical pathway that involves both catabolism and anabolism.

There is an interesting and critical difference in the coenzymes used in catabolic and anabolic pathways ; in catabolism NAD + serves as an oxidizing agent when it is reduced to NADH.

The amino acids produced by catabolism may be directly recycled, used to make new amino acids, or undergo amino acid catabolism to be converted to other compounds via the Krebs cycle.

In addition, β-hydroxy-β-methyl butirate derived from leucine catabolism used as a supplement in tumor-bearing rats prevents cachexia by modifying NF-κB expression.

Isocarboxazid is not used as frequently as other medications for depression and anxiety because it is extremely powerful and also reacts to certain foods, such as tyramine, because it inhibits the catabolism of dietary amines found within everyday foods.

For some, it relates to the sephira of Hod and Netzach, Netzach being that quality of energy to overcome different obstacles, and Hod being the tendency to control and break down energy into different forms, the two being contending and balancing forces, like the forces of anabolism and catabolism in the human body.

In catabolism, large molecules such as polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins are broken down into smaller units such as monosaccharides, fatty acids, nucleotides, and amino acids, respectively.

Release of this energy as heat and light may be triggered suddenly by a spark, in a forest fire ; or it may be available more slowly for animal or human metabolism, when these molecules are ingested, and catabolism is triggered by enzyme action.

Some simple carbohydrates ( e. g. fructose ) follow different metabolic pathways ( e. g. fructolysis ) which result in only a partial catabolism to glucose, while many complex carbohydrates may be digested at essentially the same rate as simple carbohydrates.

They are involved in the catabolism of very long chain fatty acids, branched chain fatty acids, D-amino acids, polyamines, and biosynthesis of plasmalogens, i. e. ether phospholipids critical for the normal function of mammalian brains and lungs.

Another study found that catecholamines in general ( i. e. noradrenaline / norepinephrine and adrenaline / epinephrine ) greatly decreased the rate of muscle catabolism.

Such a relationship has been long suspected, based on the observation that long-term sleep deprivation in rodents dramatically increases food intake and energy metabolism, i. e., catabolism, with lethal consequences on a long-term basis.

It can be a sign of various underlying disorders ; when a patient presents with cachexia, a doctor will generally consider the possibility of cancer, metabolic acidosis ( from decreased protein synthesis and increased protein catabolism ), certain infectious diseases ( e. g., tuberculosis, AIDS ), chronic pancreatitis, and some autoimmune disorders, or addiction to amphetamines.

In nature, enzymes are catalysts in metabolism and catabolism.

These include the nitrogenous wastes called " urea ", from protein catabolism, as well as uric acid, from nucleic acid metabolism.

A few newer MAOIs, a notable one being moclobemide, are reversible, meaning that they are able to detach from the enzyme to facilitate usual catabolism of the substrate.

When ingested orally, MAOIs inhibit the catabolism of dietary amines.

Over the next 20 years, little was discovered about the importance of PIP < sub > 2 </ sub > metabolism in terms of cell signalling, until the mid-1970s when Robert H. Mitchell hypothesized a connection between the catabolism of PIP < sub > 2 </ sub > and increases in intracellular calcium ( Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup >) levels.

Most antidepressants will restrain the catabolism of serotonin or norepinephrine or both.

Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic processes, including stress response, immune response, and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior.

Supplementation of simple carbohydrates or glucose during illness is key to prevent catabolism.

Galactokinase catalyzes the second step of the Leloir pathway, a metabolic pathway found in most organisms for the catabolism of β-D-galactose to glucose 1-phosphate.

Adiponectin is a protein hormone that modulates a number of metabolic processes, including glucose regulation and fatty acid catabolism.