Campbell studied the records of 172 school board members in twelve western cities over the period of 1931 - 40 and found `` little or no relationship between certain social and economic factors and school board competence '', as judged by a panel of professional educators who studied the voting records on educational issues.

Today many college bound students try to take a course in personal typing, as they feel a certain degree of mastery of this skill is almost essential for one who proposes to do academic work in college and a professional school.

Beyond governmental registration, certain private-sector professional / industrial organizations also offer certifications with varying degrees of prominence.

Actors, musicians, models, directors, producers, comedians, television hosts and other entertainment-industry professionals are some of the highest-earning in America given that the entertainment industry based professional achieves a certain degree of success as a prerequisite.

It is Levine's professional opinion that once deprogrammed, a person would never be certain that they were really doing what they want.

Originally, the event was for amateurs only, however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides.

* Exclusion from obtaining certain licenses, such as a visa, or professional licenses required in order to legally operate ( making many vocations off-limits to felons )

Licenses are granted for recreational uses, exhibition or ( under certain circumstances ) professional use.

In order for a hunter to obtain a hunting / gun ownership license, he must spend a certain " practice time " with a professional hunter.

Higher education also includes certain collegiate-level institutions, such as vocational schools, trade schools, and career colleges, that award academic degrees or professional certifications.

On May 28, 2004, the Diet of Japan enacted a law requiring selected citizens to take part in criminal court trials of certain severe crimes to make decisions together with professional judges, both on guilt and on the sentence.

These provisions do not however require disclosure to the authorities of information received by certain professionals in privileged circumstances or where the information is subject to legal professional privilege.

A profession has been further defined as: " a special type of occupation ...( possessing ) corporate solidarity ... prolonged specialized training in a body of abstract knowledge, and a collectivity or service orientation ... a vocational sub-culture which comprises implicit codes of behaviour, generates an esprit de corps among members of the same profession, and ensures them certain occupational advantages ...( also ) bureaucratic structures and monopolistic privileges to perform certain types of work ... professional literature, legislation, etc.

Triodes continue to be used in certain high-end and professional audio applications, as well as in microphone preamplifiers, electric guitar amplifiers and high power RF amplifiers and transmitters.

This serve is becoming more popular amongst college and professional players because it has a certain unpredictability in its flight pattern.

In order to qualify for membership, the individual must fulfil certain academic or professional criteria and abide to the code of ethics and bylaws of the organization.

* Senior Members: Upon meeting certain requirements, a professional member can apply for Senior Membership, which is the highest level of recognition that a professional member can directly apply for.

* 174 – 216 MHz: professional wireless microphones ( low power, certain exact frequencies only )

As a general rule, the law in many countries often intervenes in sexual activity involving young or adolescent children below the legal age of consent, non-consensual deliberate displays or illicit watching of sexual activity, sex with close relatives ( incest ), harm to animals, acts involving the deceased ( necrophilia ), and also when there is harassment, nuisance, fear, injury, or assault of a sexual nature, or serious risk of abuse of certain professional relationships.

Experimental archaeologists have equipped modern professional butchers, archers and lumberjacks with replica flint tools to judge how effective they would have been for certain tasks.

A true balanced connection is generally preferred in certain applications, particularly professional settings, because it allows for the use of long cables while reducing susceptibility to external noise.

Daurat has been credited with the development of the claque in the French theatre, in which professional applauders are paid to ensure the success of ( or in other cases, booed to ensure the failure of ) certain plays, playwrights, and actors.

In January 1991, Harvey left the band to form her own band with former bandmates Ellis and Olliver ; yet she had formed lasting personal and professional relationships with certain members, especially Parish, whom she has referred to as her " musical soulmate.

Handbrake turns are primarily a technique used to negotiate tight turns in motorsport but can also be used in certain other applications such as stunt or pursuit driving.

Examples of empiric classifications include climate zones defined by plant hardiness, evapotranspiration, or more generally the Köppen climate classification which was originally designed to identify the climates associated with certain biomes.

According to Encyclopædia Britannica: Language families, as conceived in the historical study of languages, should not be confused with the quite separate classifications of languages by reference to their sharing certain predominant features of grammatical structure .< ref >" language.

TJX paid US $ 100 million settlement in California to settle an employee class-action suit in 2002 which alleged that Marshalls abused exempt / nonexempt classifications to avoid the payment of overtime or compensation time to employees in certain roles performing non-exempt job duties as required by the federal Fair Labor Standards Act.

The data modeling technique can be used to describe any ontology ( i. e. an overview and classifications of used terms and their relationships ) for a certain area of interest.

The data modeling technique can be used to describe any ontology ( i. e. an overview and classifications of used terms and their relationships ) for a certain universe of discourse i. e. area of interest.

The Board of Censors began to provide basic film classifications from 1 June 1946, initially as a year-long pilot project to designate certain films which were deemed inappropriate for children.

In these classifications, special skill in a certain type of match or a certain style of wrestling is the signature of the division, and the champion is considered to be the most skilled wrestler at that specific style.

A tournament must have a certain amount of competitors, and those competitors must maintain a certain ratio of classifications, for the top fencers to be eligible for ratings.

However, since the creation of District 12 with the admission of the Philadelphia Public Schools into the PIAA, the East vs. West format has been abandoned for some sports in certain classifications, particularly at the Class AAAA level where there are more large schools in the East.

Most biological scientists specialize in the study of a certain type of organism or in a specific activity, although recent advances have blurred some traditional classifications.

She was certain now that it would be no harder to bear her child here in such pleasant surroundings than at home in the big white house in Haverhill.

It occurred to me that you might be interested in some thoughts which I expressed privately in recent years, in the hope of clearing up a certain confusion in the public mind about what foreign policy is all about and what it means, and of developing a certain compassion for those who are carrying such responsibilities inside Government.

Rather, such assignments are made, as they must be, on the basis of certain overall rules and standards, representing to some extent a statistical approach to the problem, taking into account for each situation some of the variables ( e.g., power and station separations ) and averaging out others in order to achieve the balance which must be struck between protection against destructive interference and the assignment of a number of stations large enough to afford optimum radio service to the Nation.

Fees are not the same and some states do not require certain craft, such as sailboats with no power, to be registered at all.

It is possible that certain mutational forms may be produced such as antibiotic resistant strains.

In the following paper it is shown that in a certain definite sense, exactly an odd number of squares can be inscribed in every such curve which does not contain an infinite number of inscribed squares.

The result of this attitude has been the domination of many orthography conferences by such considerations as typographic ' esthetics ', which usually turns out to be nothing more than certain prejudices carried over from European languages.

Lacking the respected and effective institutions that consensus helps provide, minority parties, such as the P.D.I. in 1957 and the progressive Istiqlal faction in 1958, clamor for elections when out of power, but are not at all certain they wish to be controlled by popular choice when in power.

Moreover, it is likely that Federal policies aimed at stimulating a faster rate of economic growth of the country, to keep ahead of the Communist countries and to demonstrate that our free economic system is better than theirs, will lead to rising Federal spending in certain areas such as education, housing, medical aid, and the like.

It permits referrals under certain circumstances even when there is a labor dispute, provided the individual is given written notice of such a dispute.

This push to confine the study of mass behaviour to the measurements of parameters involved in differential equations has led sociology perilously close to the reduction of the word `` mass '' to mean a small group in which certain relations between all pairs of individuals in such a group can be studied.

The point is that in a system such as Fromm's which recognizes unconscious motivations, and which rests on certain ethical absolutes, empirical data can be used to support whatever proposition the writer is urging at the moment.

W. F. Bryan suggests that certain kennings in Beowulf were selected sometimes for appropriateness and sometimes for ironic inappropriateness, but such a view would appear untenable unless it is denied that the language of Beowulf is formulaic.

It is false to be certain of having discovered in the language of Beowulf such effects as intentional irony.

These opportunities are to be found in certain cities in such crafts as auto mechanics, carpentry, drafting, electrical work, tool-and-die work, and sheet-metal work.

However, certain critical interlocutory court orders, such as the denial of a request for an interim injunction, or an order holding a person in contempt of court, can be appealed immediately although the case may otherwise not have been fully disposed of.

The basic ordering of the Latin alphabet ( ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ ) is well established, although languages using this alphabet have different conventions for their treatment of modified letters ( such as the French é, à, and ô ) and of certain combinations of letters ( multigraphs ).

He thought that certain uses of the verb " to be ", called the " is of identity " and the " is of predication ", were faulty in structure, e. g., a statement such as, " Elizabeth is a fool " ( said of a person named " Elizabeth " who has done something that we regard as foolish ).

In such a case, a court will accept an affidavit from the filing attorney in support of the motion, as certain assumptions are made, to wit: The affidavit in place of sworn testimony promotes judicial economy.

Whereas for certain other language families, such as the speakers of Indo-European, Uralic, and Austronesian, we are able to frame substantial hypotheses, in the case of the proposed Altaic family everything remains to be done.

This model was able to explain observations of atomic behavior that previous models could not, such as certain structural and spectral patterns of atoms larger than hydrogen.

In certain sensory neurons ( pseudounipolar neurons ), such as those for touch and warmth, the electrical impulse travels along an axon from the periphery to the cell body, and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch of the same axon.

Finally, features such as long linear grooves were cut into the bedrock along certain roads which do not seem to point to a specific direction.

A monastery must have been granted the status of an abbey by the Pope, and such monasteries are normally raised to this level after showing a degree of stability — a certain number of monks in vows, a certain number of years of establishment, a certain firmness to the foundation in economic, vocational and legal aspects.